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An Analysis Of Lucien Febvres The Problem Of Unbelief In The 16th Century
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Book Synopsis An Analysis of Lucien Febvre's The Problem of Unbelief in the 16th Century by : Joseph Tendler
Download or read book An Analysis of Lucien Febvre's The Problem of Unbelief in the 16th Century written by Joseph Tendler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Febvre asked this core question in The Problem of Unbelief: “Could sixteenth-century people hold religious views that were not those of official, Church-sanctioned Christianity, or could they simply not believe at all?” The answer informed a wider debate on modern history, particularly modern French history. Did the religious attitudes of the Enlightenment and the twentieth century—notably secularism and atheism—first take root in the sixteenth century? Could the spirit of scientific and rational inquiry of the twentieth century have begun with the rejection of God and Christianity by men such as Rabelais, writing in his allegorical novel Gargantua and Pantagruel – the work most often cited as a proto-"atheist" text prior to Febvre's study? The debate hinged on some key differences of interpretation. Was Rabelais mocking the structures of the Christian Church (in which case he might be anticlerical)? Was he mocking the Bible scriptures or Church doctrines (in which case he might be anti-Christian)? Or was he mocking the very idea of God’s existence (in which case he might be an atheist)? The other great contribution that Febvre made to the study of history can be found not so much in the fine detail of this work as in the additions that he made to the historian's toolkit. In this sense, Febvre was highly creative; indeed it can be argued that he ranks among the most creative of all historians. He sought to move the study of history itself beyond its traditional focus on documentary records, arguing instead that close analysis of language could open up a gateway into the ways in which people actually thought, and to their subconscious minds. This concept, the focus on "mentalities," is core to the hugely influential approach of the Annales group of historians, and it enabled a switch in the focus of much historical inquiry, away from the study of elites and their deeds and towards new forms of broader social history. Febvre also used techniques and models drawn from anthropology and sociology to create new ways of framing and answering questions, further extending the range of problems that could be addressed by historians. Working together with colleagues such as Marc Bloch, his understanding of what constituted evidence and of the meanings that could be attributed to it, radically redefined what history is – and what it should aspire to be.
Book Synopsis The Problem of Unbelief in the 16th Century by : Joseph Tendler
Download or read book The Problem of Unbelief in the 16th Century written by Joseph Tendler and published by Macat Library. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Febvre asked this core question in The Problem of Unbelief: "Could sixteenth-century people hold religious views that were not those of official, Church-sanctioned Christianity, or could they simply not believe at all?" The answer informed a wider debate on modern history, particularly modern French history. Did the religious attitudes of the Enlightenment and the twentieth century--notably secularism and atheism--first take root in the sixteenth century? Could the spirit of scientific and rational inquiry of the twentieth century have begun with the rejection of God and Christianity by men such as Rabelais, writing in his allegorical novel Gargantua and Pantagruel - the work most often cited as a proto-"atheist" text prior to Febvre's study? The debate hinged on some key differences of interpretation. Was Rabelais mocking the structures of the Christian Church (in which case he might be anticlerical)? Was he mocking the Bible scriptures or Church doctrines (in which case he might be anti-Christian)? Or was he mocking the very idea of God's existence (in which case he might be an atheist)? The other great contribution that Febvre made to the study of history can be found not so much in the fine detail of this work as in the additions that he made to the historian's toolkit. In this sense, Febvre was highly creative; indeed it can be argued that he ranks among the most creative of all historians. He sought to move the study of history itself beyond its traditional focus on documentary records, arguing instead that close analysis of language could open up a gateway into the ways in which people actually thought, and to their subconscious minds. This concept, the focus on "mentalities," is core to the hugely influential approach of the Annales group of historians, and it enabled a switch in the focus of much historical inquiry, away from the study of elites and their deeds and towards new forms of broader social history. Febvre also used techniques and models drawn from anthropology and sociology to create new ways of framing and answering questions, further extending the range of problems that could be addressed by historians. Working together with colleagues such as Marc Bloch, his understanding of what constituted evidence and of the meanings that could be attributed to it, radically redefined what history is - and what it should aspire to be.
Book Synopsis The Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century, the Religion of Rabelais by : Lucien Febvre
Download or read book The Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century, the Religion of Rabelais written by Lucien Febvre and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Upwellings written by Max Gauna and published by Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study of the roots and expression of free thought in the Renaissance consists of three parts. The first is a overview of the history of dissident ideas up to and including the first part of the sixteenth century; the second is an examination and a new interpretation of the Cymbalum Mundi, probably by Bonaventure des Periers; the third is a presentation and interpretation of the Dialogues of Jacques Tahureau. Both works are seen to take their place as resurgences of a continuous though necessarily mostly covert current of dissident thought and feeling which was to well openly to the surface in the libertinism of the seventeenth century and be seen in full flood in the age of the Enlightenment." "Many critics in the early years of this century and before have seen in the French Renaissance a time and period when such resurgences were fairly common. Others, particularly since the work of Lucien Febvre in the 1940s, have regarded these upwellings as imaginary, and have even denied the existence of the dissident tradition, viewing the whirlpools of the next century and the final tide-rip of the Enlightenment as spontaneously occurring phenomena with no reference to the history of ideas after the Classical period. Some remarkable recent work, none of it in English, has concentrated on establishing the existence of the dissident current itself, while considering its printed manifestations as either illusory or too obscure to establish with precision. The first part of the book describes succinctly the salient features of the dissident tradition, taking account of the indispensable but enormous and unwieldy theses of Busson and Berriot (both are available only in French, and Berriot's, whose sixteenth-century material is superbly documented, attends not at all to non-French scholarship), the brilliantly iconoclastic but politically biased work of Gerhard Schneider (available only in German and Italian), and the contributions of modern Italian scholars of the seventeenth-century period, especially Tullio Gregory. The bringing together of this material is itself new. Max Gauna also has his own contributions to make, and he propounds a different and original perspective of the question." "The second part deals with one of the most celebrated of all literary mysteries: controversy has attended the Cymbalum Mundi since it appeared, and while recent studies have seen it as a Christian work, Gauna sets out an original analytical interpretation of the text leading to a synthesis drawing the opposite conclusion." "Interest in the Dialogues of Tahureau has been growing throughout this century; they are considered in all the histories of free thought mentioned above. Gauna places this work within the dissident tradition by reference in particular to the Epicurean source material. Both the Cymbalum Mundi and the Dialogues are thus shown as daring and subtle disseminators of those dissident ideas which would flower in the productions of the next two centuries."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Book Synopsis An Analysis of David C. Kang's China Rising by : Matteo Dian
Download or read book An Analysis of David C. Kang's China Rising written by Matteo Dian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical analysis of David C. Kang’s China Rising, which is a fine example of an author making use of creative thinking skills to reach a conclusion that flies in the face of traditional thinking. The conventional view that the book opposed, known in international relations as ‘realism,’ was that the rise of any new global power results in global or regional instability. As such, China’s development as a world economic powerhouse worried mainstream western geopolitical scholars, whose concerns were based on the realist assumption that individual countries will inevitably compete for dominance. Evaluating these arguments, and finding both their relevance and adequacy wanting, Kang instead turned traditional thinking on its head by looking at Asian history without preconceptions, and with analytical open-mindedness. Producing several novel explanations for existing evidence, Kang concludes that China’s neighbors do not want to compete with it in the way that realist interpretations predict. Rather than creating instability by jockeying for position, he argues, surrounding countries are happy for China to be acknowledged as a leader, believing that its dominant position will stabilize Asia, and give the whole region more of a hand in international relations. Though critics have taken issue with Kang’s conclusions, his paradigm-shifting approach is nevertheless an excellent example of developing fresh new conclusions through creative thinking.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Hamid Dabashi's Theology of Discontent by : Magdalena C. Delgado
Download or read book An Analysis of Hamid Dabashi's Theology of Discontent written by Magdalena C. Delgado and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hamid Dabashi’s 1997 work Theology of Discontent reveals a creative thinker capable not only of understanding how an argument is built, but also of redefining old issues in new ways. The Iranian Revolution of 1978–9 was front-page news in the West, and in some ways remains so today. Though it was an uprising against authoritarian royal rule, with a coalition of modernisers and Islamists, the revolution saw the birth of a new Islamic Republic that seemed to reject pro-Western democracy. Dabashi wanted to analyze the real reasons for this change, while examining how Islamic ideologies contributed to the revolution and the republic that followed. Theology of Discontent examines different Islamic thinkers, analyzing how views with seemingly little in common contributed to the modern Iranian belief system. Beyond its insightful analytical dissection of these eight thinkers, Theology of Discontent also shows Dabashi’s creative thinking skills. Reframing the debates about Iran’s relationship with the West, he traced the ways in which Iranian identity formed in reactive opposition to Western ideas. In many ways, Dabashi suggested, Iran was trapped in a cycle of deliberately asserting its difference from the West, a process that was fundamental to the development of its own unique brand of revolutionary Islamism.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Amartya Sen's Inequality Re-Examined by : Elise Klein
Download or read book An Analysis of Amartya Sen's Inequality Re-Examined written by Elise Klein and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amartya Sen’s Inequality Re-Examined is a seminal text setting out a theory to evaluate social arrangements and inequality. By asking the question, ‘equality of what’?, Sen shows that (in)equality should be assessed as human freedom; for people to have the ability to pursue and achieve goals they value or have reason to value. The text lays out the fundamental ideas to Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach. This approach is celebrated in diverse academic disciplines because of its specific contribution towards the improvement to debates on inequality beyond economic deprivation and utility measures. Furthermore, the arguments put forward by Sen in Inequality Re-Examined has had many practical applications throughout policy circles including the Human Development Index, the Multi –Dimensional Poverty Measure, the compilation of lists of capabilities and drawing further attention to human agency and democracy. Amartya Sen won the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1998 for his contribution to welfare economics; the core arguments of this work is found in this book.
Book Synopsis Mary Douglas's Purity and Danger by : Padraig Belton
Download or read book Mary Douglas's Purity and Danger written by Padraig Belton and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mary Douglas is an outstanding example of an evaluative thinker at work. In Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo, she delves in great detail into existing arguments that portray traditional societies as “evolving” from “savage” beliefs in magic, to religion, to modern science, then explains why she believes those arguments are wrong. She also adeptly chaperones readers through a vast amount of data, from firsthand research in the Congo to close readings of the Old Testament, and analyzes it in depth to provide evidence that traditional and Western religions have more in common than the first comparative religion scholars and early anthropologists thought. First evaluating her scholarly predecessors by marshalling their arguments, Douglas identifies their main weakness: that they dismiss traditional societies and their religions by identifying their practices as “magic,” thereby creating a chasm between savages who believe in magic and sophisticates who practice religion.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Aristotle's Politics by : Katherine Berrisford
Download or read book An Analysis of Aristotle's Politics written by Katherine Berrisford and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aristotle remains one of the most celebrated thinkers of all time in large part thanks to his incisive critical thinking skills. In Politics, which can be considered one of the foundational books of the western political tradition, the focus is on problem-solving, and particularly on the generation and evaluation of alternative possibilities. Aristotle’s aim, in Politics, is to determine how best to organize a society. He looks in turn at several different type of organization – kingship, oligarchy and the polity, or rule in the hands of many – and evaluates the arguments for each in turn. But he takes the exercise further than his predecessors had done. Having concluded that rule by the aristocracy would be preferable, since it would mean rule by citizens capable of taking decisions on behalf of the society as a whole, Aristotle subjects his solution to a further checking process, asking productive questions in order to make a sound decision between alternatives. Politics was ground-breaking in its approach. Unlike previous thinkers, Aristotle based all his ideas on a practical assessment of how they would play out in the real world. Ultimately, Aristotle argues, the problem of self-interest means that the adoption of a mixed constitution – one based on carefully considered laws which aims at a balance of power between the people and the elite – is most likely to bring eudaemonia (happiness). It’s a conclusion firmly based on careful evaluation (not least the process of judging the adequacy of arguments) and the product of outstanding problem-solving skills.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Daniel Kahneman's Thinking, Fast and Slow by : Jacqueline Allan
Download or read book An Analysis of Daniel Kahneman's Thinking, Fast and Slow written by Jacqueline Allan and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman offers a general audience access to over six decades of insight and expertise from a Nobel Laureate in an accessible and interesting way. Kahneman’s work focuses largely on the problem of how we think, and warns of the dangers of trusting to intuition – which springs from “fast” but broad and emotional thinking – rather than engaging in the slower, harder, but surer thinking that stems from logical, deliberate decision-making. Written in a lively style that engages readers in the experiments for which Kahneman won the Nobel, Thinking, Fast and Slow’s real triumph is to force us to think about our own thinking.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of John A. Hobson's Imperialism by : Riley Quinn
Download or read book An Analysis of John A. Hobson's Imperialism written by Riley Quinn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English economist John Hobson’s 1902 Imperialism: A Study was an epoch-making study of the politics and economics of imperialism that shook imperialist beliefs to their core. A committed liberal, Hobson was deeply sceptical about the aims and claims of imperialistic thought at a time when Britain’s empire held sway over a vast portion of the globe. In order to critique what he saw as a falsely reasoned and immoral political view, Hobson’s book took a cuttingly analytical approach to the idea of imperialism – setting out to dissect and understand the arguments for empire before subjecting them to withering evaluation – a process that led him to the key insight that the then widely-accepted claim that imperialism was essentially a question of nationalism was, in fact, quite weak. Instead, Hobson’s close analysis of the implicit and hidden reasons for imperialist projects demonstrated that, at root, they were all products of capitalism. It became increasingly clear to him that imperialism was less a political ideology, and more the product of the urgent need to open up new markets and remedy economic stagnation at home. Deeply provocative at the time, Hobson’s book shows just how powerful the critical thinking skills of analysis and evaluation can be when applied to deconstruction of even the most widely accepted of ideas.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Ernst H. Kantorwicz's The King's Two Bodies by : Simon Thomson
Download or read book An Analysis of Ernst H. Kantorwicz's The King's Two Bodies written by Simon Thomson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few historians trace grand themes across many centuries and places, but Ernst Kantorowicz's great work on the symbolic powers of kingship is a fine example of what can happen when they do. The King's Two Bodies is at once a superb example of the critical thinking skill of evaluation – assessing huge quantities of evidence, both written and visual, and drawing sound comparative conclusions from it – and of creative thinking; the work connects art history, literature, legal records and historical documents together in innovative and revealing ways across more than 800 years of history. Kantorowicz's key conclusions (that history is at root about ideas, that these ideas power institutions, and that both are commonly expressed and understood through symbols) have had a profound impact on several different disciplines, and even underpin many works of popular fiction – not least The DaVinci Code. And they were all made possible by fresh evaluation of evidence that other historians had ignored, or could not see the significance of.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of David Riesman's The Lonely Crowd by : Jarrod Homer
Download or read book An Analysis of David Riesman's The Lonely Crowd written by Jarrod Homer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Riesman’s The Lonely Crowd: A Study in the Changing American Character is one of the best-known books in the history of sociology – holding a mirror up to contemporary America and showing the nation its own character as it had never seen it before. Its success is a testament to Riesman’s mastery of one key critical thinking skill: interpretation. In critical thinking, interpretation focuses on understanding the meaning of evidence, and is frequently characterized by laying down clear definitions, and clarifying ideas and categories for the reader. All these processes are on full display in The Lonely Crowd – which, rather than seeking to challenge accepted wisdom or generate new ideas, provides incisive interpretations and definitions of ideas and data from a variety of sources. Above all, Riesman’s book is a work of categorization – a form of interpretation that can be vital to building and communicating systematic arguments. With the aid of his two co-authors (Nathan Glazer and Reuel Denney), he defined three cultural types that formed a perfect pattern for understanding mid-century American society and the changes it was undergoing. The clarity of the book’s definitions tapped directly into the zeitgeist of the 1950s, powering it to best-seller status and an audience that extended far beyond academia.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Yasser Tabbaa's The Transformation of Islamic Art During the Sunni Revival by : Bilal Badat
Download or read book An Analysis of Yasser Tabbaa's The Transformation of Islamic Art During the Sunni Revival written by Bilal Badat and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tabbaa’s Transformation offers an innovative approach to understanding the profound changes undergone by Islamic art and architecture during the often neglected Medieval Islamic period. Examining devices such as calligraphy, arabesque, muqarnas, and stonework, Tabbaa argues we propagated in a moment of confrontation and facilitated the re-emergence of the Sunni Abbasid caliphate in a more orthodox image. Tabbaa offers a timely and thought-provoking alternative to conventional essentialist, positivist and ethno-narrative interpretations of Islamic art.
Book Synopsis The Interpretation of Dreams by : William J Jenkins
Download or read book The Interpretation of Dreams written by William J Jenkins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is arguably no more famous book about the arts of interpretation and analysis than Sigmund Freud’s 1899 Interpretation of Dreams. Though the original edition of just 600 copies took eight years to sell out, it eventually became a classic text that helped cement Freud’s reputation as one of the most significant intellectual figures of the 19th and 20th centuries. In critical thinking, just as in Freud’s psychoanalytical theories, interpretation is all about understanding the meaning of evidence, and tracing the significance of things. Analysis can then be brought in to tease out the implicit reasons and assumptions that lie underneath the interpreted evidence. Interpretation of Dreams is a masterclass in building telling analyses from ingenious interpretation of evidence. Freud worked from the assumption that all dreams were significant attempts by the unconscious to resolve conflicts. As a result, he argued, they contain in altered and disguised forms clues to our deepest unconscious urges and desires. Each must be taken on its own terms to tease out what they really mean. Though Freud’s theories have often been criticized, he remains the undisputed master of interpretation – with his critics suggesting that he was, if anything, too ingenious for his own good.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Robert O. Keohane's After Hegemony by : Ramon Pacheco Pardo
Download or read book An Analysis of Robert O. Keohane's After Hegemony written by Ramon Pacheco Pardo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert O. Keohane’s After Hegemony is both a classic of international relations scholarship and an example of how creative thinking can help shed new light on the world. Since the end of World War II, the global political landscape had been dominated by two superpowers, the USA and the USSR, and the tense stand-off of the Cold War. But, as the Cold War began to thaw, it became clear that a new global model might emerge. The commonly held belief amongst those studying international relations was that it was impossible for nations to work together without the influence of a hegemon (a dominant international power) to act as both referee and ultimate decision-maker. This paradigm – neorealism – worked on the basis that every nation will do all it can to maximize its power, with such processes only checked by a balance of competing powers. Keohane, however, examined the evidence afresh and came up with novel explanations for what was likely to come next. He went outside the dominant paradigm, and argued for what came to be known as the neoliberal conception of international politics. States, Keohane said, can and will cooperate without the influence of a hegemonic power, so long as doing so brings them absolute gains in the shape of economic and cultural benefits. In Keohane’s highly-creative view, the pursuit of national self-interest leads naturally to international cooperation – and to the formation of global regimes (such as the United Nations) that can reinforce and foster it.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Mahmood Mamdani's Citizen and Subject by : Meike de Goede
Download or read book An Analysis of Mahmood Mamdani's Citizen and Subject written by Meike de Goede and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mahmood Mamdani’s 1996 Citizen and Subject is a powerful work of analysis that lays bare the sources of the problems that plagued, and often still plague, African governments. Analysis is one of the broadest and most fundamental critical thinking skills, and involves understanding the structure and features of arguments. Mamdani’s strong analytical skills form the basis of an original investigation of the problems faced by the independent African governments in the wake of the collapse of the colonial regimes imposed by European powers such has Great Britain and France. It had long been clear that these newly-independent governments faced many problems – corruption, the imposition of anti-democratic rule, and many basic failures of day-to-day governance. They also tended to replicate many of the racially and ethnically prejudiced structures that were part of colonial rule. Mamdani analyses the many arguments about the sources of these problems, drawing out their hidden implications and assumptions in order to clear the way for his own creative new vision of the way to overcome the obstacles to democratization in Africa. A dense and brilliant analysis of the true nature of colonialism’s legacy in Africa, Mamdani’s book remains influential to this day.
