Amoebae As Host Models To Study The Interaction With Pathogens

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Amoebae as Host Models to Study the Interaction with Pathogens

Author : Sascha Thewes
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889459357
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Amoebae as Host Models to Study the Interaction with Pathogens by : Sascha Thewes

Download or read book Amoebae as Host Models to Study the Interaction with Pathogens written by Sascha Thewes and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human body is constantly faced with microorganisms. Most of these bacteria, fungi, and viruses are harmless, many of them are beneficial, and a small fraction is pathogenic. For humans, infection with pathogenic microorganisms can be very serious or even fatal, ranging from mild transient or chronic infections to death. The first line of defence against pathogens is our innate immune system. Beside chemical and physical defence mechanisms of the innate immune system, phagocytic cells such as macrophages play a crucial role in the fight against pathogenic microorganisms. However, phagocytic cells and pathogens are in a constant evolutionary arms race, inventing new strategies to successfully kill pathogens and learning how to resist phagocytosis and intracellular killing, respectively. If pathogens are not obligatory adapted to the human body or other animals, they also have to face environmental phagocytes in the form of amoebae. Many aspects of phagocytosis and intracellular killing are surprisingly well conserved between amoebae and macrophages. Therefore, pathogens that have evolved with environmental amoebae as their “training grounds” can also be successful during infection of macrophages and other animal phagocytic cells. In this Research Topic, we provide the latest knowledge about the potential of using amoebae as host models to study the interaction with pathogens. The Research Topic covers the interaction of amoebae with bacteria, fungi, and viruses and also illustrates the similarities and differences between amoebae and macrophages. Investigation of evolutionary conserved pathways of amoebae and macrophages furthers our understanding of the biology of host-pathogen interactions and helps to develop new anti-infection therapies.

The Social Biology of Microbial Communities

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264324
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Biology of Microbial Communities by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Social Biology of Microbial Communities written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.

Molecular Biology of The Cell

Author : Bruce Alberts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts

Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Management of Legionella in Water Systems

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309493854
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Management of Legionella in Water Systems by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Management of Legionella in Water Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.

Model Organisms for Microbial Pathogenesis, Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Drug Discovery

Author : Busi Siddhardha
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811516952
Total Pages : 685 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Model Organisms for Microbial Pathogenesis, Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Drug Discovery by : Busi Siddhardha

Download or read book Model Organisms for Microbial Pathogenesis, Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Drug Discovery written by Busi Siddhardha and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-28 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides essential insights into microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, and the anti-microbial drug resistance of various human pathogens on the basis of various model organisms. The initial sections of the book introduce readers to the mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, anti-microbial drug resistance, and the dynamics of biofilm formation. Due to the emergence of various microbial resistant strains, it is especially important to understand the prognosis for microbial infections, disease progression profiles, and mechanisms of resistance to antibiotic therapy in order to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In turn, the second part of the book presents a comparative analysis of various animal models to help readers understand microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, anti-microbial drug discovery, anti-biofilm therapeutics, and treatment regimes. Given its scope, the book represents a valuable asset for microbiologists, biotechnologists, medical professionals, drug development researchers, and pharmacologists alike.

Molecular Mechanisms in Legionella Pathogenesis

Author : Hubert Hilbi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642405916
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms in Legionella Pathogenesis by : Hubert Hilbi

Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms in Legionella Pathogenesis written by Hubert Hilbi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially fatal type of pneumonia primarily affecting elderly and immuno-compromised persons, is caused by the ubiquitous environmental bacterium Legionella pneumophila. This book offers authoritative reviews of different facets of its virulence, focusing on comparative phagocyte infection, virulence gene regulation, biochemical functions of effector proteins and cellular pathogen-host interactions, as well as host responses and immunity to L. pneumophila. Taken together, the contributions in this compilation provide a state-of-the-art overview of current insights into the molecular pathogenesis of the opportunistic and potentially fatal pathogen L. pneumophila.

The Mononuclear Phagocyte System in Infectious Disease

Author : Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889630579
Total Pages : 790 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mononuclear Phagocyte System in Infectious Disease by : Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino

Download or read book The Mononuclear Phagocyte System in Infectious Disease written by Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) of vertebrates is composed of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Together, they form part of the first line of immune defense against a variety of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses), and thus play an important role in maintaining organism homeostasis. The mode of transmission, type of replication and mechanism of disease-causing differ significantly for each pathogen, eliciting a unique immune response in the host. Within this context, the MPS acts as both the sentinel and tailor of the immune system. As sentinels, MPS cells are found in blood and within tissues throughout the body to patrol against pathogenic insult. The strategy to detect 'microbial non-self' relies on MPS to recognize conserved microbial products known as 'pathogen-associated molecular pattern' (PAMPs). PAMPs recognition represents a checkpoint in the response to pathogens and relies on conserved 'pattern recognition receptors' (PRRs). Upon PRR engagement, MPS mount a cell-autonomous attack that includes the internalization and compartmentalization of intracellular pathogens into toxic compartments that promote destruction. In parallel, MPS cells launch an inflammatory response composed of a cellular arm and soluble factors to control extracellular pathogens. In cases when innate immunity fails to eliminate the invading microbe, MPS serves as a tailor to generate adaptive immunity for pathogen eradication and generation of "memory" cells, thus ensuring enhanced protection against re-infection. Indeed, MPS cell functions comprise the capture, process, migration and delivery of antigenic information to lymphoid organs, where type-1 immunity is tailored against intracellular microbes and type-2 immunity against extracellular pathogens. However, this potent adaptive immunity is also a double-edge sword that can cause aberrant inflammatory disorders, like autoimmunity or chronic inflammation. For this reason, MPS also tailors tolerance immunity against unwanted inflammation. Successful clearance of the microbe results in its destruction and proper collection of debris, resolution of inflammation and tissue healing for which MPS is essential. Reciprocally, as part of the evolutionary process taking place in all organisms, microbes evolved strategies to circumvent the actions bestowed by MPS cells. Multiple pathogens modulate the differentiation, maturation and activation programs of the MPS, as an efficient strategy to avoid a dedicated immune response. Among the most common evasion strategies are the subversion of phagocytosis, inhibition of PRR-mediated immunity, resistance to intracellular killing by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, restriction of phagosome maturation, modulation of cellular metabolism and nutrient acquisition, regulation of cell death and autophagy, and modulation of pro-inflammatory responses and hijacking of tolerance mechanisms, among others. The tenet of this eBook is that a better understanding of MPS in infection will yield insights for development of therapeutics to enhance antimicrobial processes or dampen detrimental inflammation for the host's benefit. We believe that contributions to this topic will serve as a platform for discussion and debate about relevant issues and themes in this field. Our aim is to bring expert junior and senior scientists to address recent progress, highlight critical knowledge gaps, foment scientific exchange, and establish conceptual frameworks for future MPS investigation in the context of infectious disease.

Dictyostelium: A Tractable Cell and Developmental Model in Biomedical Research

Author : Robert J. Huber
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889761819
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Dictyostelium: A Tractable Cell and Developmental Model in Biomedical Research by : Robert J. Huber

Download or read book Dictyostelium: A Tractable Cell and Developmental Model in Biomedical Research written by Robert J. Huber and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309091225
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens by : National Research Council

Download or read book Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-19 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens.Â Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples.Â This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a "tool box" approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application.Â The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.Â

Microbiology Australia

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Microbiology Australia by :

Download or read book Microbiology Australia written by and published by . This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Microbiology Australia

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Microbiology Australia by :

Download or read book Microbiology Australia written by and published by . This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Microbiology Australia

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Microbiology Australia by :

Download or read book Microbiology Australia written by and published by . This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Acanthamoeba

Author : Naveed Ahmed Khan
Publisher : Caister Academic Press Limited
ISBN 13 : 9781908230508
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Acanthamoeba by : Naveed Ahmed Khan

Download or read book Acanthamoeba written by Naveed Ahmed Khan and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully up-to-date book covers all aspects of Acanthamoeba biology. Following the success of the first edition, the author has extensively revised and expanded the text to produce a new volume that includes all the latest research and information on every aspect of this organism. There is a particular emphasis on the Acanthamoeba genome sequence and the novel insights gained from the application of molecular methods to Acanthamoeba developmental/cellular biology, in terms of metabolism and morphogenesis, classification, ecology and role in the ecosystem, host-pathogen interactions, virulence factors and immunological basis of pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, new target development, and drug resistance and its interactions with other microbes in the environment. The book will be an essential reference text for parasitologists, microbiologists, immunologists, and physicians in the field of basic and medical microbiology, as well as an invaluable reference for new and experienced researchers who wish to better understand this organism.

New advances in the biology and pathogenesis of free-living amoebae

Author : Isabel Marcelino
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832548865
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis New advances in the biology and pathogenesis of free-living amoebae by : Isabel Marcelino

Download or read book New advances in the biology and pathogenesis of free-living amoebae written by Isabel Marcelino and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-05-06 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free-living amoebae (FLA) are fascinating unicellular eukaryotes, living freely in soil and freshwater habitats and feeding mainly on bacteria. Under stressful conditions, they can transform from a motile, metabolically active, and replicative trophozoite to a “dormant” and resistant cyst. Some FLA can be pathogenic to humans such as Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, Naegleria, and Sappinia causing rare but fatal infection in humans. FLA are also known to be carriers of pathogenic microorganisms, but few information is currently available on the natural bacteria of FLA and how various bacteria avoid phagocytosis/predation by these specific types of amoebae. There is an imperious need to draw more attention to this group of microorganisms and for this we seek submissions that address advancements in the biology and pathogenesis of FLAs.

Ending the War Metaphor

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309096014
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Ending the War Metaphor by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Ending the War Metaphor written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-07-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases have existed longer than us, as long as us, or are relatively newer than us. It may be the case that a disease has existed for many, many years but has only recently begun affecting humans. At the turn of the century the number of deaths caused by infections in the United States had been falling steadily but since the '80s has seen an increase. In the past 30 years alone 37 new pathogens have been identified as human disease threats and 12% of known human pathogens have been classified as either emerging or remerging. Whatever the story, there is currently a "war" on infectious diseases. This war is simply the systematic search for the microbial "cause" of each disease, followed by the development of antimicrobial therapies. The "war" on infectious diseases, however, must be revisited in order to develop a more realistic and detailed picture of the dynamic interactions among and between host organisms and their diverse populations of microbes. Only a fraction of these microbes are pathogens. Thus, in order to explore the crafting of a new metaphor for host-microbe relationships, and to consider how such a new perspective might inform and prioritize biomedical research, the Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened the workshop, Ending the War Metaphor: The Changing Agenda for Unraveling the Host-Microbe Relationship on March 16-17, 2005. Workshop participants examined knowledge and approaches to learning about the bacterial inhabitants of the human gut, the best known host-microbe system, as well as findings from studies of microbial communities associated with other mammals, fish, plants, soil, and insects. The perspective adopted by this workshop is one that recognizes the breadth and diversity of host-microbe relationships beyond those relative few that result in overt disease. Included in this summary are the reports and papers of individuals participating in the Forum as well as the views of the editors.

Comprehensive Natural Products III

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081026919
Total Pages : 4266 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Comprehensive Natural Products III by :

Download or read book Comprehensive Natural Products III written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 4266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Natural Products III, Third Edition, Seven Volume Set updates and complements the previous two editions, including recent advances in cofactor chemistry, structural diversity of natural products and secondary metabolites, enzymes and enzyme mechanisms and new bioinformatics tools. Natural products research is a dynamic discipline at the intersection of chemistry and biology concerned with isolation, identification, structure elucidation, and chemical characteristics of naturally occurring compounds such as pheromones, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and enzymes. This book reviews the accumulated efforts of chemical and biological research to understand living organisms and their distinctive effects on health and medicine and to stimulate new ideas among the established natural products community. Provides readers with an in-depth review of current natural products research and a critical insight into the future direction of the field Bridges the gap in knowledge by covering developments in the field since the second edition published in 2010 Split into 7 sections on key topics to allow students, researchers and professionals to find relevant information quickly and easily Ensures that the knowledge within is easily understood by and applicable to a large audience

Intracellular Niches of Microbes

Author : Ulrich E. Schaible
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527629181
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Intracellular Niches of Microbes by : Ulrich E. Schaible

Download or read book Intracellular Niches of Microbes written by Ulrich E. Schaible and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-22 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the different and exciting pathways which havebeen developed by pathogenic microbes to manage living inside hostcells. It covers intracellular life styles of all relevantpathogenic but also symbiotic microorganisms with respect to thecell biology of the host-microbe interactions and the microbialadaptations for intracellular survival. It features intracellulartrafficking pathways and characteristics of intracellular niches ofindividual microbes. The book also asks questions on the benefitsfor the microbe with regard to physiological needs and nutritionalaspects such as auxotrophy, effects on genome sizes, andconsequences for disease and host response/immunity (and thebenefits for the host in the cases of symbionts). Additionally, the book includes those pathogens that are medicallyless important but represent distinct intracellular niches,trafficking behaviours and virulence traits. The individualchapters also point out future challenges of research for therespective organism.