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American Policy Toward Sub Saharan Africa In The 1990s
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Book Synopsis American Policy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1990s by : United States. President (1989-1993 : Bush)
Download or read book American Policy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1990s written by United States. President (1989-1993 : Bush) and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cato Handbook for Policymakers by : Cato Institute
Download or read book Cato Handbook for Policymakers written by Cato Institute and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2008 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers policy recommendations from Cato Institute experts on every major policy issue. Providing both in-depth analysis and concrete recommendations, the Handbook is an invaluable resource for policymakers and anyone else interested in securing liberty through limited government.
Book Synopsis U.S. Economic Policy Toward Africa by : Jeffrey Ira Herbst
Download or read book U.S. Economic Policy Toward Africa written by Jeffrey Ira Herbst and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 1992 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of American aid policy toward Africa since the Kennedy administration, a comparison of U.S. policies and those of multilateral organizations, and a proposal for the best way to help Africans address their continent's economic plight.
Download or read book Sub-Saharan Africa written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3. Investing in people.
Author :David Dickson Publisher :Lanham, MD : University Press of America ISBN 13 :9780819147288 Total Pages :195 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (472 download)
Book Synopsis United States Foreign Policy Towards Sub-Saharan Africa by : David Dickson
Download or read book United States Foreign Policy Towards Sub-Saharan Africa written by David Dickson and published by Lanham, MD : University Press of America. This book was released on 1985 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uncharted Paths, Uncertain Vision by : Dan Henk
Download or read book Uncharted Paths, Uncertain Vision written by Dan Henk and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few regions have seen more tragedy in the post-Cold War worlds than parts of sub-Saharan Africa, a region remarkable for the number of external military interventions in the 199Os. The United States has conducted a wide variety of military involvements in the region over the past decade. While humanitarian relief and peace operations have generated the most publicity, other more routine military relationships and activities are of far greater long-term significance. Taken as a whole, U.S. policy in Africa tends to be reactive rather than proactive. This severely undermines its ability to protect the nation's regional interests. Unwillingness to attenuate regional problems in the their early stages leads to expensive crisis interventions. More effective use of military involvements would entail greater effort to shape the regional security environment. In order to improve the value of its African military involvements, the United States should, among other things, develop a coherent "National Security Strategy for Africa," create a unified command (or "sub" command) with sole responsibility for the region and develop mechanisms for objectively measuring the value (to U.S. regional interests) of specific nation assistance programs.
Book Synopsis American Policy in Southern Africa by : René Lemarchand
Download or read book American Policy in Southern Africa written by René Lemarchand and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ...offers Bender's outstanding analysis of the U.S. Angolian intervention... two stimulating essays on the regional role of the CIA (by Stephen Weissman and Lemarchand himself), and two divergent views of the best U.S. policy toward South Africa by William J. Foltz and R. Hunt Davis, Jr.
Book Synopsis Promoting U.S. Economic Relations with Africa by : Peggy Dulany
Download or read book Promoting U.S. Economic Relations with Africa written by Peggy Dulany and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 1998 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Values Projected Abroad: United States foreign policy towards the sub-Saharan Africa by :
Download or read book American Values Projected Abroad: United States foreign policy towards the sub-Saharan Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U.S. Policy Toward Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Which Way to Livable and Productive Cities? by : Kirsten Hommann
Download or read book Which Way to Livable and Productive Cities? written by Kirsten Hommann and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-04-18 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For African cities to grow economically as they have grown in size, they must create productive environments to attract investments, increase economic efficiency, and create livable environments that prevent urban costs from rising with increased population densification. What are the central obstacles that prevent African cities and towns from becoming sustainable engines of economic growth and prosperity? Among the most critical factors that limit the growth and livability of urban areas are land markets, investments in public infrastructure and assets, and the institutions to enable both. To unleash the potential of African cities and towns for delivering services and employment in a livable and environmentally friendly environment, a sequenced approach is needed to reform institutions and policies and to target infrastructure investments. This book lays out three foundations that need fixing to guide cities and towns throughout Sub-Saharan Africa on their way to productivity and livability.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism by : Tanja A. Börzel
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism written by Tanja A. Börzel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism - the first of its kind - offers a systematic and wide-ranging survey of the scholarship on regionalism, regionalization, and regional governance. Unpacking the major debates, leading authors of the field synthesize the state of the art, provide a guide to the comparative study of regionalism, and identify future avenues of research. Twenty-seven chapters review the theoretical and empirical scholarship with regard to the emergence of regionalism, the institutional design of regional organizations and issue-specific governance, as well as the effects of regionalism and its relationship with processes of regionalization. The authors explore theories of cooperation, integration, and diffusion explaining the rise and the different forms of regionalism. The handbook also discusses the state of the art on the world regions: North America, Latin America, Europe, Eurasia, Asia, North Africa and the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Various chapters survey the literature on regional governance in major issue areas such as security and peace, trade and finance, environment, migration, social and gender policies, as well as democracy and human rights. Finally, the handbook engages in cross-regional comparisons with regard to institutional design, dispute settlement, identities and communities, legitimacy and democracy, as well as inter- and transregionalism.
Author :Congressional Research Service Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781794562493 Total Pages :36 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (624 download)
Book Synopsis Sub-Saharan Africa: Key Issues and U.S. Engagement by : Congressional Research Service
Download or read book Sub-Saharan Africa: Key Issues and U.S. Engagement written by Congressional Research Service and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and Development Issues. Much of Africa experienced rapid economic growth starting in the early 2000s, reducing poverty and expanding the middle class in some countries. Since 2014, however, growth has slowed in many countries-and almost all continue to face high poverty rates and long-standing development challenges such as food insecurity and malnutrition, ineffective health and education institutions, and infrastructure deficiencies. Other factors hindering socioeconomic development in Africa include low domestic buying power, a shortage of skilled labor, limited access to capital and other inputs, poor governance, and political instability and insecurity. Governance, Democracy, and Human Rights. Since the early 1990s, nearly all African countries have transitioned from military or single-party rule to at least nominally multiparty political systems in which elections are held regularly. Nonetheless, the development of accountable, functional democratic institutions remains limited in many countries. Corruption and mismanagement are pervasive across much of the region, and state services are limited. Authoritarian governments and armed belligerents in Africa commit serious human rights violations. Peace and Security. Civil wars and crises have broken out in multiple African countries since 2010, reversing the previous decade﷿s trend of stabilization. Newer crises have unfolded in the Lake Chad Basin, the Central African Republic (CAR), Mali, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Burundi, and South Sudan, while long-running conflicts continue to affect the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Sudan, and Somalia. Porous borders, weak institutions, and corruption have created permissive environments for transnational threats such as terrorism, trafficking, and maritime piracy. Two conflict-affected African countries, South Sudan and Nigeria, face a credible risk of famine in early 2019; in both, insecurity has hindered aid access to affected zones. U.S.-Africa Policy under the Trump Administration. The Trump Administration has maintained several Africa-focused initiatives launched by its predecessors, but it also has proposed changes to U.S. trade policy and foreign assistance, including aid cuts, that could significantly affect U.S. engagement with Africa if implemented. The Administration's policy approach toward Africa, unveiled in late 2018, identifies three broad U.S. interests in the region: expanding U.S. trade and commercial ties with African countries, countering Islamist extremism and other forms of violent conflict, and imposing more stringent conditions on U.S. aid and U.N. peacekeeping missions in the region. Administration officials also have placed a high priority on countering Chinese and Russian influence in Africa, with the Department of Defense announcing in late 2018 that it would reorient its personnel and footprint in parts of Africa to align with that objective in the coming years. Country-specific goals identified in other Trump Administration statements and policy documents include the continued normalization of U.S. relations with Sudan, conflict resolution in South Sudan, an electoral transition in DRC, and democratic reforms in Ethiopia. The Administration also has signaled greater focus on reciprocity in trade relations, imposed tariffs affecting trade with some African countries, pressed African states to join efforts to put pressure on North Korea, and enacted immigration policies that have affected U.S.-Africa policy, among other initiatives.
Book Synopsis United States - Africa Security Relations by : Kelechi A. Kalu
Download or read book United States - Africa Security Relations written by Kelechi A. Kalu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: United States-Africa relations have experienced four major cycles. The first cycle was during the Cold War(1960-1990). During this period, the U.S. developed a one-sided relationship with various African states in which the latter served as "foot soldiers" for the U.S. in its competition with the Soviet Union for global domination. Among other things, the various client African states provided the U.S. with access to airfields, deep water ports and sites for the establishment of various intelligence gathering facilities. In addition, the U.S. used various groups like UNITA led by Jonas Savimbi in Angola to undermine and fight pro-Soviet regimes on the continent. The second cycle of the relationship covered the period 1991-1998. During this time, the U.S. scaled down its security activities in Africa. The major reason was that with the end of the Cold War Africa(with few exceptions like Egypt) was no longer a major front for the promotion of U.S. Security interests. The third cycle commenced in 1998 and ended in 2001. This period was characterized by the U.S.’ search for an approach to frame its security relations with Africa. In this vein, the U.S. undertook various military-security initiatives . The fourth cycle began after the 9/11 terrorist attacks against the American homeland. Since then, the U.S. has expanded the scope of its security relations with Africa, as reflected in the establishment of various initiatives and programs. At the core is the prosecution of the American "war on terror." Against this backdrop, this book examines some of the major dimensions of the U.S.’ security relations with Africa, including American security interests on the continent, the "war on terror," AFRICOM, and military cooperation. Using the book’s integrative theoretical framework, each of the chapters in the volume examines the various factors that shape the issue of focus.
Book Synopsis United States Foreign Policy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa by : Wilfred J. Smith (Jr.)
Download or read book United States Foreign Policy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa written by Wilfred J. Smith (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis United States Foreign Policy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa by : Wilfred James Smith
Download or read book United States Foreign Policy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa written by Wilfred James Smith and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. Trade and Investment Relationship with Sub-Saharan Africa by : Danielle Langton
Download or read book U.S. Trade and Investment Relationship with Sub-Saharan Africa written by Danielle Langton and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the end of the apartheid era in South Africa in the early 1990s, the United States sought to increase economic relations with sub-Saharan Africa. President Clinton instituted several measures that dealt with investment, debt relief, and trade. Congress required the President to develop a trade and development policy for Africa. The economic challenges facing Africa today are serious. Unlike the period from 1960 to 1973, when economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa was relatively strong, since 1973 the countries of sub-Saharan Africa have grown at rates well below other developing countries. There are some signs of improvement, but problems such as HIV/AIDS and the debt burden are constraining African economic growth. In May 2000, Congress approved a new U.S. trade and investment policy for sub-Saharan Africa in the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA; Title I, P.L. 106-200). U.S. trade with and investment in sub-Saharan Africa have comprised only 1-2% of U.S. totals for the world. AGOA extends preferential treatment to imports from eligible countries that are pursuing market reform measures. Data show that U.S. imports under AGOA are mostly energy products, but imports to date of other products have grown. AGOA mandated that U.S. officials meet regularly with their counterparts in sub-Saharan Africa, and six of these meetings have been held. AGOA also directed the President to provide U.S. government technical assistance and trade capacity support to AGOA beneficiary countries. Government agencies that have roles in this effort include the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Africa (established by statute under AGOA), the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, the Export- Import Bank, the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service, and the Trade and Development Agency. In addition to bilateral programs, the United States is a member of several multilateral institutions that provide trade capacity building.
