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Author : A.W. Filson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Alternative Measures for Trade Restrictiveness. A Gravity Approach written by A.W. Filson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Carmen Fillat Castejón
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (642 download)
Download or read book Alternative measures for trade restrictiveness written by Carmen Fillat Castejón and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We show that it is possible to estimate the cost of protection in terms of the trade loss for the protected country using a widely accepted and theory-based specification of the gravity model in combination with descriptive trade policy indicators. Data and implementation requirements are lower than in CGE models and this permits estimations with wider samples of countries and years. The outcome can be interpreted as the uniform tariff that synthesizes both the direct effect of trade barriers and the indirect effect of import substitution. The estimated tariff equivalents confirm the underestimation of protection costs by more than 40% when using weighted average tariffs, in accordance with previous literature, with a greater measurement error for less developed countries. Furthermore, substitution elasticities are shown to be a key mechanism for the restrictiveness of tariff policies.
Author : Carmen Fillat
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (758 download)
Download or read book Alternative Measures for Trade Restrictiveness written by Carmen Fillat and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Julia Estefania-Flores
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1616359641
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (163 download)
Download or read book A Measurement of Aggregate Trade Restrictions and Their Economic Effects written by Julia Estefania-Flores and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-01-07 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We develop a new Measure of Aggregate Trade Restrictions (MATR) using data from the IMF’s Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. MATR is an empirical measure of how restrictive official government policy is towards the international flow of goods and services. MATR is simple, ad hoc, plausible, quantitative, easily updated, based solely on policy-relevant measures of trade policy, and covers an unbalanced sample of up to 157 countries annually between 1949 and 2019. MATR is strongly correlated with, but more comprehensive than, existing measures of openness and trade policy existing measures. We use MATR to show that trade restrictions are harmful for the economy and lead to significant contractions in output.
Author : United Nations Development Programme
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (63 download)
Download or read book Alternative Transitional Measures to Liberalize Quantitative Trade Restrictions - Implications for Developing Countries written by United Nations Development Programme and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Monetary Fund. Policy Development and Review Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498331858
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Review of the IMF's Trade Restrictiveness Index written by International Monetary Fund. Policy Development and Review Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2005-02-14 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the construction of the index and its use over the past seven years, identifies its limitations, examines several alternative measures of trade policy, and highlights some options for improving the Fund’s use of trade policy indicators.
Author : Internationaler Währungsfonds
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Review of the IMF's Trade Restrictiveness Index written by Internationaler Währungsfonds and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the construction of the index and its use over the past seven years, identifies its limitations, examines several alternative measures of trade policy, and highlights some options for improving the Fund's use of trade policy indicators.
Author : Tania Voon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Exploring the Meaning of Trade-Restrictiveness in the WTO. written by Tania Voon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade-restrictiveness is a familiar concept across various provisions and agreements of the World Trade Organization (WTO), but its precise meaning remains vague. In many WTO disputes, the existence or degree of trade-restrictiveness of a challenged measure is simply assumed or addressed in a few brief sentences. Yet whether a measure is more trade-restrictive than necessary, or more trade-restrictive than a proposed alternative measure, is crucial to the legality of a range of measures currently in place around the world, some under challenge in the WTO. A careful analysis of the existing caselaw and treaty text -- focusing on Article 2.2 of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and the general exceptions in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 and the General Agreement on Trade in Services -- demonstrates that while the existence of discrimination is likely to restrict trade, discrimination is not necessary to establish trade-restrictiveness, which also necessarily arises from direct barriers to market access such as import bans. In the absence of an explicit barrier to imports, a WTO panel is likely to focus on the extent to which a challenged measure negatively affects the competitive opportunities of imported products vis à vis domestic products.
Author : Marc Bacchetta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789287038128
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (381 download)
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Author : Iulianna Romanchyshyna
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303125791X
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)
Download or read book Technical Barriers to Trade in “New Generation” RTAs and in the WTO Agreements written by Iulianna Romanchyshyna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-08 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the interplay between cooperation on technical barriers to trade (TBT) in free trade agreements and the multilateral framework of the World Trade Organization. In recent years, TBT, especially differences in standards, have attracted increased interest and have been addressed as part of the WTO+ negotiated agenda in trade agreements. Because of a number of political and legal constraints, the process of further cooperation at the WTO have been stalled, which made free trade agreements a central pillar in setting the agenda of international trade governance. This leads us to rethinking the interrelation between the WTO and free trade agreements and to questioning the role of both fora in the future of trade. The book examines some TBT provisions in free trade agreements and highlights their positive and problematic aspects when it comes to the WTO-consistency and the ideas of open and inclusive trade. It also suggests that a more optimal way forward would be to increase parallel work on TBT cooperation at the WTO, a more inclusive forum that could address issues of global significance, such as environmental protection and regulation of digital goods. The book explores the potential for trade agreements to advance the WTO agenda, but notes that the organization would need to adapt its institutional structure and governance in order to do so. Drawing on the example of the EU and US so-called “new generation” trade agreements, the book provides a detailed analysis of the various methods used to navigate TBT cooperation, and offers insight into how these agreements can serve as inspiration for future multilateral disciplines. This book is a valuable resource for trade law academics, policymakers, and anyone interested in the intersection of technical barriers to trade, regional trade agreements, and the WTO.
Author : Thomas Schultz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192515977
Total Pages : 1008 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of International Arbitration written by Thomas Schultz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-11 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook brings together many of the key scholars and leading practitioners in international arbitration, to present and examine cutting-edge knowledge in the field. Innovative in its breadth of coverage, chapter-topics range from the practicalities of how arbitration works, to big picture discussions of the actors involved and the values that underpin it. The book includes critical analysis of some of international arbitrations most controversial aspects, whilst providing a nuanced account overall that allows readers to draw their own informed conclusions. The book is divided into six parts, after an introduction discussing the formation of knowledge in the field. Part I provides an overview of the key legal notions needed to understand how international arbitration technically works, such as the relation between arbitration and law, the power of arbitral tribunals to make decisions, the appointment of arbitrators, and the role of public policy. Part II focuses on key actors in international arbitration, such as arbitrators, parties choosing arbitrators, and civil society. Part III examines the central values at stake in the field, including efficiency, legal certainty, and constitutional ideals. Part IV discusses intellectual paradigms structuring the thinking in and about international arbitration, such as the idea of autonomous transnational legal orders and conflicts of law. Part V presents the empirical evidence we currently have about the operations and effects of both commercial and investment arbitration. Finally, Part VI provides different disciplinary perspectives on international arbitration, including historical, sociological, literary, economic, and psychological accounts.
Author : Margherita Melillo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009354345
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Weaponising Evidence written by Margherita Melillo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-31 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weaponising Evidence provides the first analysis of the history of the international law on tobacco control. By relying on a vast set of empirical sources, it analyses the negotiation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and the tobacco control disputes lodged before the WTO and international investment tribunals (Philip Morris v Uruguay and Australia – Plain Packaging). The investigation focuses on two main threads: the instrumental use of international law in the warlike confrontation between the tobacco control advocates and the tobacco industry, and the use of evidence as a weapon in the conflict. The book unveils important lessons on the functioning of international organizations, the role of corporate actors and civil society organizations, and the importance and limits of science in law-making and litigation.
Author : Stefan Zleptnig
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047440951
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)
Download or read book Non-Economic Objectives in WTO Law written by Stefan Zleptnig and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009-10-30 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the complex relationship between economic and non-economic objectives in WTO law. It discusses how non-economic objectives (such as the protection of public morals, life and health, environment, or human rights) can serve as justification for trade-restrictive measures normally prohibited under WTO law. The relevant non-economic grounds of justification are analysed, as well as the substantive and procedural requirements which restrain the use of trade-restrictive measures taken for non-economic purposes. The issues covered by this book also have wider systemic implications for the WTO. Only if the WTO can demonstrate that it is not just concerned about free trade, but respects non-economic objectives as well, is it likely to remain a sustainable and legitimate form of governance.
Author : Jens Velten
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031056035
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Screening Foreign Direct Investment in the EU written by Jens Velten and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-19 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from third countries—a desirable form of investment to boost the EU’s economy or a threat to important EU and Member State interests that must be mitigated via FDI screening mechanisms? FDI screening is a complex, controversial and highly topical subject at the intersection of law, politics and economics. This book analyzes the political rationale behind FDI screening in the EU, reveals the legal limitations of current FDI screening mechanisms based on security and public order, and identifies legislative options for broader screening mechanisms in accordance with EU and international economic law. In particular, the book identifies the four main concerns in the EU regarding FDI from third countries: distortive competition effects; the lack of reciprocity on FDI treatment between the EU and the investor’s home country; objectives of the investor or their home country that may be detrimental to EU interests; and safety of private information. On this basis, the book analyzes the Screening Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2019/452) and its newly introduced screening ground “security or public order” and asks whether this and other similar screening grounds based on the notions of security, public order and public policy can address these concerns with regard to foreign investors. Based on an analysis of WTO law and EU primary law, it argues that they cannot. Thus, the question arises: Do the EU and Member States have the flexibility to adopt broader FDI screening mechanisms? To answer this question, the book examines the freedoms of capital movement and establishment in EU primary law, as well as various sources of international economic law such as, first and foremost, the WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services, but also other bi- and plurilateral trade and investment treaties, including the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment. In closing, the book identifies various legislative options for broader FDI screening mechanisms—and their shortcomings.
Author : World Trade Organization
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108998046
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Dispute Settlement Reports 2019: Volume 2, Pages 343 to 1098 written by World Trade Organization and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are the WTO's authorized and paginated reports in English. They are an essential addition to the library of all practising trade lawyers and a useful tool for students and academics worldwide working in the field of international economic or trade law. DSR 2019: Volume II contains the panel report on 'Brazil - Certain Measures Concerning Taxation and Charges' (WT/DS472, WT/DS497).
Author : Shin-yi Peng
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009355031
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (93 download)
Download or read book International Economic Law in the Era of Datafication written by Shin-yi Peng and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-03-31 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the challenges of datafication through the lens of international economic law. The target audience includes academics, scholars, graduate students, practitioners and policy-makers in the fields of international trade and economic law, technology law, media and communication studies, political economy and global governance.
Author : Caroline E. Foster
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192538535
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Global Regulatory Standards in Environmental and Health Disputes written by Caroline E. Foster and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-24 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global regulatory standards are emerging from the environmental and health jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, the World Trade Organization, under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and investor-state dispute settlement. Most prominent are the three standards of regulatory coherence, due regard for the rights of others, and due diligence in the prevention of harm. These global regulatory standards are a phenomenon of our times, representing a new contribution to the ordering of the relationship between domestic and international law, and a revised conception of sovereignty in an increasingly pluralistic global legal era. However, the legitimacy of the resulting 'standards-enriched' international law remains open to question. International courts and tribunals should not be the only fora in which these standards are elaborated, and many challenges and opportunities lie ahead in the ongoing development of global regulatory standards. Debate over whether regulatory coherence should go beyond reasonableness and rationality requirements and require proportionality stricto sensu in the relationship between regulatory measures and their objectives is central. Due regard, the most novel of the emerging standards, may help protect international law's legitimacy claims in the interim. Meanwhile, all actors should attend to the integration rather than the fragmentation of international law, and to changes in the status of private actors.
