All May Attain Buddhahood Commentary On The Fifty Two Stages Of Bodhisattvas

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《凡人可成佛—菩薩五十二位階講記》英文版All May Attain Buddhahood: Commentary on the Fifty-Two Stages of Bodhisattvas

Author : Shih Cheng Yen
Publisher : 靜思人文志業股份有限公司
ISBN 13 : 9867373766
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (673 download)

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Book Synopsis 《凡人可成佛—菩薩五十二位階講記》英文版All May Attain Buddhahood: Commentary on the Fifty-Two Stages of Bodhisattvas by : Shih Cheng Yen

Download or read book 《凡人可成佛—菩薩五十二位階講記》英文版All May Attain Buddhahood: Commentary on the Fifty-Two Stages of Bodhisattvas written by Shih Cheng Yen and published by 靜思人文志業股份有限公司. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 這本書是在教我們怎麼當一位菩薩。內容取材自證嚴法師二○○五年九至十一月間晨語開示，起於《慈悲三昧水懺》中「或因六行造一切罪」一句懺文。懺文中的「六行」意指偏差修行的「外道六行」，而法師為了撥亂反正，釋文當中同時仔細介紹了「佛之六行」，作為外道六行的對照，並為我們指出了正確的修行方向。「佛之六行」展開來即「菩薩五十二位階」，是修行者學習當菩薩最重要的指引。因此，特別將這段內容由《水懺》講記中獨立出來，讓大家一書在手，學習不愁。看了這本書，讀者會知道要當一位菩薩可能遇到的困難，也知道如何堅定自己的心志，等到具足了信心願力，您也可以是一位菩薩。 This book teaches us how to be a bodhisattva. Its content is drawn from Master Cheng Yen’s morning lecture from September to November, 2005, in which she taught about a passage from the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance. The passage reads, “We have engaged in all wrongdoing because of the six heretical practices.” For the sake of clarity, Master gave a detailed explanation of the Buddha’s Six Sets of Practices to stand in contrast with the six heretical practices and show us the correct direction for our spiritual practice. The Buddha’s Six Sets of Practices are the fifty-two stages of bodhisattvas. They form the most important guide for spiritual practitioners learning to become bodhisattvas. Therefore, we singled out this passage from the Water Repentance text so that everyone could have it in hand and learn from it with ease. After reading this book, you will be aware of the hardships you might encounter as a bodhisattva, and you will learn how to stand firm in your resolve. Once you are replete in faith and the power of vows, you can also become a bodhisattva.

Still Thoughts Volume One, Third Edition《靜思語第一集》英文版(修訂第三版)

Author : 釋證嚴（Shih Cheng Yen）
Publisher : 靜思人文志業股份有限公司
ISBN 13 : 6269854008
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (698 download)

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Book Synopsis Still Thoughts Volume One, Third Edition《靜思語第一集》英文版(修訂第三版) by : 釋證嚴（Shih Cheng Yen）

Download or read book Still Thoughts Volume One, Third Edition《靜思語第一集》英文版(修訂第三版) written by 釋證嚴（Shih Cheng Yen） and published by 靜思人文志業股份有限公司. This book was released on 2024-06-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 《靜思語第一集》編彙證嚴上人的智慧法語，書中第一部之靜思語，字字珠璣，蘊含證嚴上人的智慧法語，引導讀者反思，並藉以在生活中實踐佛法，不論是第一次接觸上人法語或是已然熟悉的讀者，都能將其應用在日常生活中，點亮人生的道路。第二部，則集結證嚴上人隨緣開示的問答，生活中的煩惱與疑慮，都可以善用上人的智慧妙解。世界各地之慈濟志工不但將靜思語用在學校的品格教育、用來鼓勵啟發有需要的人、進而接引人人走向佛法的康莊大道。《靜思語第一集》英文版最初出版於1996年，於2014年再版。此第三版為翻譯團隊重新潤飾，使英文更貼近英文為母語讀者的閱讀習慣。誠心期盼讀者在閱讀此書時心靈獲得滋潤與啟發。 Still Thoughts, Volume One comprises the distilled wisdom of Dharma Master Cheng Yen, presented in concise passages. These succinct aphorisms, found in the initial section of the book, are imbued with profound insights, inviting readers to introspect. Perfect for daily contemplation and practice, they offer brief yet impactful teachings to illuminate one's spiritual journey, whether one is new to or already familiar with Dharma Master Cheng Yen’s teachings. The second segment features inquiries from volunteers or visitors concerning common life situations. Dharma Master Cheng Yen addresses these queries with profound insight, drawing upon the wisdom of the Buddha Dharma. Worldwide, Tzu Chi volunteers utilize these aphorisms as the basis for character education classes in schools, to offer solace and encouragement to those in distress, and to help themselves navigate toward a more profound understanding of the Dharma. Originally published in 1996 and revised in 2014, Still Thoughts, Volume One now appears in its third edition, updated to meet contemporary translation standards. It is our sincere aspiration that within these pages, you will discover wisdom and inspiration that enriches your life and the lives of those around you.

A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms

Author : Lewis Hodous
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135791236
Total Pages : 535 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by : Lewis Hodous

Download or read book A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms written by Lewis Hodous and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable interpretive tool, first published in 1937, is now available for the first time in a paperback edition specially aimed at students of Chinese Buddhism. Those who have endeavoured to read Chinese texts apart from the apprehension of a Sanskrit background have generally made a fallacious interpretation, for the Buddhist canon is basically translation, or analogous to translation. In consequence, a large number of terms existing are employed approximately to connote imported ideas, as the various Chinese translators understood those ideas. Various translators invented different terms; and, even when the same term was finally adopted, its connotation varied, sometimes widely, from the Chinese term of phrase as normally used by the Chinese. For instance, klésa undoubtedly has a meaning in Sanskrit similar to that of, i.e. affliction, distress, trouble. In Buddhism affliction (or, as it may be understood from Chinese, the afflicters, distressers, troublers) means passions and illusions; and consequently fan-nao in Buddhist phraseology has acquired this technical connotation of the passions and illusions. Many terms of a similar character are noted in the body of this work. Consequent partly on this use of ordinary terms, even a well-educated Chinese without a knowledge of the technical equivalents finds himself unable to understand their implications.

A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms

Author : William Edward Soothill
Publisher : Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
ISBN 13 : 9788120803190
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by : William Edward Soothill

Download or read book A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms written by William Edward Soothill and published by Motilal Banarsidass Publ.. This book was released on 1977 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is an outstanding work for which two eminent scholars of Chinese Buddhism separated by 2000 miles of ocean collaborated for complete ten years during which the manuscript crossed the Atlantic four times. The authors aim has been to provide a key for the student with which to unlock a closed door and which does serve to reveal the riches of the great Buddhist thesaurus in China. In the absence of a dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms it was small wonder that the translation of Chinese texts has made little progress important thought these are to the understanding of Mahayana buddhism especially in its Far Eastern development.

Rectifying Fallacies of Modern Buddhism（走出現代佛教誤區）

Author : Sakyaqingyang（釋迦青陽）
Publisher : 全方文化
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Rectifying Fallacies of Modern Buddhism（走出現代佛教誤區） by : Sakyaqingyang（釋迦青陽）

Download or read book Rectifying Fallacies of Modern Buddhism（走出現代佛教誤區） written by Sakyaqingyang（釋迦青陽） and published by 全方文化. This book was released on 2023-05-11 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The true meaning of Buddhism unveiled; the fact of universe operation disclosed.You must wish to understand the Buddhism essence that has been passed down more than 2500 years ago.Why after death a person’s soul must enter into the next body within 49 days?How to change one’s fortune, health and fate?What is a "Buddha Proxy"?What are the roles of devils?This book shall clarify your misunderstanding about "Rebirth in the World of Utmost Joy" after death and your incorrect knowledge of the Esoteric Sect practice.This book shall also uncover the secret path to "the Long and Unlimited Wisdom Life", and unfold the structure of "Yin", "Yang", and "Yin-Yang" Spaces.This book shall untie the myths about Nirvana and expose the misuse of the title of Living Buddha. To know the genuine fact of the life, Rectifying Fallacies of Modern Buddhism is absolutely a precious and indispensable book to keep.

Complete Enlightenment

Author : Master Sheng-Yen
Publisher : Shambhala Publications
ISBN 13 : 0834829096
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Complete Enlightenment by : Master Sheng-Yen

Download or read book Complete Enlightenment written by Master Sheng-Yen and published by Shambhala Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-26 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complete Enlightenment is the first authoritative translation and commentary on The Sutra of Complete Enlightenment, a central text that shaped the development of East Asian Buddhism and Ch'an (Chinese Zen). The text is set in the form of a transcription of discussions between the Buddha and the twelve enlightened beings(bodhisattvas), who question him on all aspects of spiritual practice. This new translation preserves all the liveliness and nuance of the text in the original Chinese. The sutra's ancient wisdom is brought to life by the commentaries of Master Sheng Yen, one of the most revered living Buddhist masters in the Ch'an lineage. This is truly a manual for the spiritual journey toward complete enlightenment, providing the key to the deep, poetic, and practical meanings of the scripture.

Meaningful to Behold

Author : Kelsang Gyatso
Publisher : Shambhala Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Meaningful to Behold by : Kelsang Gyatso

Download or read book Meaningful to Behold written by Kelsang Gyatso and published by Shambhala Publications. This book was released on 1980 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Record of Tung-shan

Author : Tung-shan
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824843886
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis The Record of Tung-shan by : Tung-shan

Download or read book The Record of Tung-shan written by Tung-shan and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tung-shan Lian-chien (807-869) was an active participant in what was perhaps the most creative and influential phase in the development of Ch’an Buddhism in China. He is regarded as the founder of the Ts'ao Tung lineage, one of the so-called Five Houses of Ch’an, and it was his approach to Buddhism and the house it gave rise to that attracted the interest of the great thirteenth-century Japanese monk Dogen during his stay in China. Dogen subsequently carried Tung-shan’s lineage back to Japan where it became known as Soto Zen, which remains one of the major Zen sects today. The discourse record translated in this volume represents a unique form of religious literature. Drawn from the dialogues of ninth-century and tenth-century Ch’an masters who lived mostly in the mountains and rural areas in and around modern Kiangsu Province, the discourse records present the reader not with philosophy or doctrine but rather with word portraits of some of China's more influential Ch’an masters. They allow us to glimpse the personalities and teaching styles of figures believed to be capable of manifesting the “pure mind” in their simplest words and actions. Few early Ch’an masters appear to have committed their teachings to writing, so that the discourse records are virtually the only tangible traces that remain of these seminal figures of Ch’an history.

The Bodhisattva Way

Author : Rulu
Publisher : Author House
ISBN 13 : 1481722344
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bodhisattva Way by : Rulu

Download or read book The Bodhisattva Way written by Rulu and published by Author House. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The teachings of the Buddha are classified into five categories, the Five Vehicles, according to sentient beings’ aspirations and capacities, However, He intends for all to ride the One Vehicle to Buddhahood. Although Buddha nature is in all, everyone needs training to reveal it. He who activates the bodhi mind to enlighten himself and others is a Bodhisattva, who must accumulate merit and develop wisdom on the Bodhisattva Way to Buddhahood. This book, Rulu’s fourth, presents three sutras in English, all translated from texts in the Chinese Buddhist Canon. Sutra 1 is the Sutra of the Garland of a Bodhisattva’s Primary Karmas. It presents the forty-two levels of training on the Bodhisattva Way, classified into six stages. This sutra has never before been translated into English. Sutra 2 is chapter 7 of the Sutra of the Profound Secret Unraveled. It describes the four purities and the eleven parts of training, which rule the holy grounds, and explains the ten paramitas. Sutra 3 is chapter 26 of the Mahavaipulya Sutra of Buddha Adornment. It presents in detail a Bodhisattva’s training on the Ten Grounds, his spiritual attainments, and his worldly requitals. The translator’s introduction integrates the essential teachings in these three sutras. This book will benefit readers at all levels and can serve as a basis for scholarly research.

A Bird in Flight Leaves No Trace

Author : Seon Master Subul
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1614295301
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis A Bird in Flight Leaves No Trace by : Seon Master Subul

Download or read book A Bird in Flight Leaves No Trace written by Seon Master Subul and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Penetrate the nature of mind with this contemporary Korean take on a classic of Zen literature. The message of the Tang-dynasty Zen text in this volume seems simple: to gain enlightenment, stop thinking there is something you need to practice. For the Chinese master Huangbo Xiyun (d. 850), the mind is enlightenment itself if we can only let go of our normal way of thinking. The celebrated translation of this work by John Blofeld, The Zen Teaching of Huang Po, introduced countless readers to Zen over the last sixty years. Huangbo’s work is also a favorite of contemporary Zen (Korean: Seon) Master Subul, who has revolutionized the strict monastic practice of koans and adapted it for lay meditators in Korea and around the world to make swift progress in intense but informal retreats. Devoting themselves to enigmatic questions with their whole bodies, retreatants are frustrated in their search for answers and arrive thereby at a breakthrough experience of their own buddha nature. A Bird in Flight Leaves No Trace is a bracing call for the practitioner to let go and thinking and unlock the buddha within.

The Three Pure Land Sutras

Author :
Publisher : BDK America
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Three Pure Land Sutras by :

Download or read book The Three Pure Land Sutras written by and published by BDK America. This book was released on 2003 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The larger sutra on Amitāyus (Taishō volume 12, number 360) -- The sutra on contemplation of Amitāyus (Taishō volume 12, number 365) -- The smaller sutra on Amitāyus (Taishō volume 12, number 366).

A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life of Shantideva

Author : Rinpoche Thrangu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life of Shantideva by : Rinpoche Thrangu

Download or read book A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life of Shantideva written by Rinpoche Thrangu and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One Of The Foremost Texts Of The Mahayana Tradition.

The Bodhisattva Path

Author :
Publisher : Motilal Banarsidass Publishe
ISBN 13 : 9788120820487
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (24 download)

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Download or read book The Bodhisattva Path written by and published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. This book was released on 2007 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Inquiry of Ugra (Ugrapariprccha) is one of the most influential Mahayana sutras, preserved and transmitted in both India and China over many centuries and actively quoted in treatises on the bodhisattva path. It is, nevertheless, one of the most neglected texts in Western treatments of Buddhism. The Ugra appers to be one of the earliest bodhisattva scriptures to come down to us, and as such it offers a particularly valuable window on the process by which the bodhisattva path came to be seen as a distinct vocational alternative within certain Indian Buddhist communities. The Bodhisattva Path is a study and translation of the Ugra that will fundamentally alter previous perceptions of the way in which Mahayana was viewed and practiced by its earliest adherents. To achieve a better understanding of the universe of ideas, activities, and institutional structures within which early self-proclaimed bodhisattvas lived, the author first considers the Ugra as a literary document, employing new methodological tools to examine the genre to which it belong, the age of its extant versions, and their relationships to one another. She goes on to challenge the dominant notions that the Mahayana emerged as a reform of earlier Buddhism and offered lay people an easier option. On the contrary, the picture that emerges is of the early Mahayana as a more difficult and demanding vocation, initially limited to a small contingent of monastic males. Combining a detailed critical study and translation of an important Buddhist scripture with a sweeping re-examination of the relationship between the Buddha and the practitioners alike and other interested in the history of Indian Buddhism and the formation of Mahayana.

Guide to the Bodhisattvas

Author : Vessantara
Publisher : Windhorse Publications
ISBN 13 : 1909314250
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Guide to the Bodhisattvas by : Vessantara

Download or read book Guide to the Bodhisattvas written by Vessantara and published by Windhorse Publications. This book was released on 2013-09-27 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bodhisattvas are dedicated to one thing: helping people on the path towards Enlightenment. The bodhisattvas know that they are not apart from the rest of life. Seeking Enlightenment for themselves alone can never satisfy as they witness the suffering that is all around them. Their vision is to work endlessly in the service of living beings. This Guide introduces a panoply of figures: Tara, the rescuer; Manjusri the Bodhisattva of Wisdom; and Avalokitesvara, the Bodhisattva of compassion; among others.

The Bodhisattva Ideal

Author : Karel Werner
Publisher : Buddhist Publication Society
ISBN 13 : 9552403960
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (524 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bodhisattva Ideal by : Karel Werner

Download or read book The Bodhisattva Ideal written by Karel Werner and published by Buddhist Publication Society. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together six essays on the origin and history of the bodhisattva ideal and the emergence of the Mahāyana. The essays approach the subject from different perspectives—from scholarly examinations of the terms in the Nikayas and Agamas to the relationship of the bodhisattva ideal and the arahant ideal within the broader context of the social environment in which Mahayana formed and further developments that lead to the formulation of the fully fledged bodhisattva path. As such, the collection provides a good overview for a wider Buddhist readership of the history of changes that eventually led to the emergence of the Mahayana. “Arahants, Buddhas and Bodhisattvas”, by Bhikkhu Bodhi“The Bodhisattva Ideal in Theravāda Theory and Practice”, by Jeffrey Samuels“Bodhi and Arahattaphala From Early Buddhism to Early Mahāyāna”, by Karel Werner“Vaidalya, Mahāyāna, and Bodhisatva in India: An Essay Towards Historical Understanding”, by Peter Skilling“The Evolution of the Bodhisattva concept in Early Buddhist Canonical Literature”, by Bhikkhu Anālayo“Orality, writing and authority in South Asian Buddhism: Visionary Literature and the Struggle for Legitimacy in the Mahāyāna”, by David McMahan

The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism

Author : Robert E. Buswell Jr.
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691157863
Total Pages : 1300 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism by : Robert E. Buswell Jr.

Download or read book The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism written by Robert E. Buswell Jr. and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-24 with total page 1300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive and authoritative dictionary of Buddhism ever produced in English With more than 5,000 entries totaling over a million words, this is the most comprehensive and authoritative dictionary of Buddhism ever produced in English. It is also the first to cover terms from all of the canonical Buddhist languages and traditions: Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Unlike reference works that focus on a single Buddhist language or school, The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism bridges the major Buddhist traditions to provide encyclopedic coverage of the most important terms, concepts, texts, authors, deities, schools, monasteries, and geographical sites from across the history of Buddhism. The main entries offer both a brief definition and a substantial short essay on the broader meaning and significance of the term covered. Extensive cross-references allow readers to find related terms and concepts. An appendix of Buddhist lists (for example, the four noble truths and the thirty-two marks of the Buddha), a timeline, six maps, and two diagrams are also included. Written and edited by two of today's most eminent scholars of Buddhism, and more than a decade in the making, this landmark work is an essential reference for every student, scholar, or practitioner of Buddhism and for anyone else interested in Asian religion, history, or philosophy. The most comprehensive dictionary of Buddhism ever produced in English More than 5,000 entries totaling over a million words The first dictionary to cover terms from all of the canonical Buddhist languages and traditions—Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Detailed entries on the most important terms, concepts, texts, authors, deities, schools, monasteries, and geographical sites in the history of Buddhism Cross-references and appendixes that allow readers to find related terms and look up equivalent terms in multiple Buddhist languages Includes a list of Buddhist lists, a timeline, and maps Also contains selected terms and names in Thai, Burmese, Vietnamese, Lao, Khmer, Sinhalese, Newar, and Mongolian

The Roar of Thunder

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1614295913
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (142 download)

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Download or read book The Roar of Thunder written by and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-07-20 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential collection of tantric texts on a meditation practice essential to one of the largest traditions of Buddhism in Tibet. Yamantaka is the wrathful expression of the wisdom buddha Manjushri and was Tsongkhapa’s foremost personal deity, from whom he received direct visions that were a constant source of empowerment, inspiration, instruction, and even personal advice. The oral instructions on the practice of Yamantaka fall into two main streams. The quintessential instruction of both of these lineages, including both their generation- and completion-stage teachings, are contained in the two commentaries presented in this volume. First, we have commentary from the great scholar, siddha, and lineage holder of the Gelug Mahamudra lineage, Ngulchu Dharmabhadra, on the Thirteen Deity practice. These texts contain a wellspring of oral instructions that provide rich and highly accessible details concerning the practice of Yamantaka that are equally applicable to the Solitary Hero practice, the practice of the second stream. The second commentary, composed by the Fifth Ling Rinpoche, Losang Lungtog Tenzin Trinley, is concerned with the Solitary Hero practice and contains many extraordinary instructions that have not been written down in other texts but have been preserved through the oral lineage. This text is part of a highly secretive volume containing many texts on Solitary Hero Yamantaka entitled the Eighteen Steps of Solitary Hero. The combination of these two texts gives the reader an unprecedented panoramic perspective on the entire spectrum of Yamantaka practice. Also included in this amazing volume is the extensive sadhana of the Solitary Hero composed by Pabongkha Rinpoche that can be used as a reference to facilitate a more thorough understanding of the commentaries.