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Alignment And The States
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Book Synopsis The Great Alignment by : Alan I. Abramowitz
Download or read book The Great Alignment written by Alan I. Abramowitz and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-19 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alan I. Abramowitz has emerged as a leading spokesman for the view that our current political divide is not confined to a small group of elites and activists but a key feature of the American social and cultural landscape. The polarization of the political and media elites, he argues, arose and persists because it accurately reflects the state of American society. Here, he goes further: the polarization is unique in modern U.S. history. Today’s party divide reflects an unprecedented alignment of many different divides: racial and ethnic, religious, ideological, and geographic. Abramowitz shows how the partisan alignment arose out of the breakup of the old New Deal coalition; introduces the most important difference between our current era and past eras, the rise of “negative partisanship”; explains how this phenomenon paved the way for the Trump presidency; and examines why our polarization could even grow deeper. This statistically based analysis shows that racial anxiety is by far a better predictor of support for Donald Trump than any other factor, including economic discontent.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of the Party System by : James L. Sundquist
Download or read book Dynamics of the Party System written by James L. Sundquist and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the original edition of Dynamics of the Party System was published in 1973, American politics have continued on a tumultuous course. In the vacuum left by the decline of the Democratic and Republican parties, single-interest groups have risen and flourished. Protest movements on the left and the New Right at the opposite pole have challenged and divided the major parties, and the Reagan Revolution--in reversing a fifty-year trend toward governmental expansion--may turn out to have revolutionized the party system too. In this edition, as in the first, current political trends and events are placed in a historical and theoretical context. Focusing upon three major realignments of the past--those of the 1850s, the 1890s, and the 1930s--Sundquist traces the processes by which basic transformations of the country's two-party system occur. From the historical case studies, he fashions a theory as to the why and how of party realignment, then applies it to current and recent developments, through the first two years of the Reagan presidency and the midterm election of 1982. The theoretical sections of the first edition are refined in this one, the historical sections are revised to take account of recent scholarship, and the chapters dealing with the postwar period are almost wholly rewritten. The conclusion of the original work is, in general, confirmed: the existing party system is likely to be strengthened as public attention is again riveted on domestic economic issues, and the headlong trend of recent decades toward political independence and party disintegration reversed, at least for a time.
Book Synopsis The Limits of Alignment by : John D. Ciorciari
Download or read book The Limits of Alignment written by John D. Ciorciari and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-16 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Limits of Alignment is an engaging and accessible study that explores how small states and middle powers of Southeast Asia ensure their security in a world where they are overshadowed by greater powers. John D. Ciorciari challenges a central concept in international relations theory—that states respond to insecurity by either balancing against their principal foes, “bandwagoning” with them, or declaring themselves neutral. Instead, he shows that developing countries prefer limited alignments that steer between strict neutrality and formal alliances to obtain the fruits of security cooperation without the perils of undue dependency. Ciorciari also shows how structural and normative shifts following the end of the Cold War and the advent of U.S. primacy have increased the prevalence of limited alignments in the developing world and that these can often place constraints on U.S. foreign policy. Finally, he discusses how limited alignments in the developing world may affect the future course of international security as China and other rising powers gather influence on the world stage.
Book Synopsis Alignment Despite Antagonism by : Victor D. Cha
Download or read book Alignment Despite Antagonism written by Victor D. Cha and published by Studies of the East Asian Inst. This book was released on 2000 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first in-depth study of the puzzling relationship between Japan and the Republic of Korea and the influence of the United States on it from the Cold War to the present. It draws on recently declassified U.S. documents, internal Korean government documents, and interviews with former policy makers in the United States, Japan, and Korea.
Book Synopsis The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values by : Brian Christian
Download or read book The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values written by Brian Christian and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A jaw-dropping exploration of everything that goes wrong when we build AI systems and the movement to fix them. Today’s “machine-learning” systems, trained by data, are so effective that we’ve invited them to see and hear for us—and to make decisions on our behalf. But alarm bells are ringing. Recent years have seen an eruption of concern as the field of machine learning advances. When the systems we attempt to teach will not, in the end, do what we want or what we expect, ethical and potentially existential risks emerge. Researchers call this the alignment problem. Systems cull résumés until, years later, we discover that they have inherent gender biases. Algorithms decide bail and parole—and appear to assess Black and White defendants differently. We can no longer assume that our mortgage application, or even our medical tests, will be seen by human eyes. And as autonomous vehicles share our streets, we are increasingly putting our lives in their hands. The mathematical and computational models driving these changes range in complexity from something that can fit on a spreadsheet to a complex system that might credibly be called “artificial intelligence.” They are steadily replacing both human judgment and explicitly programmed software. In best-selling author Brian Christian’s riveting account, we meet the alignment problem’s “first-responders,” and learn their ambitious plan to solve it before our hands are completely off the wheel. In a masterful blend of history and on-the ground reporting, Christian traces the explosive growth in the field of machine learning and surveys its current, sprawling frontier. Readers encounter a discipline finding its legs amid exhilarating and sometimes terrifying progress. Whether they—and we—succeed or fail in solving the alignment problem will be a defining human story. The Alignment Problem offers an unflinching reckoning with humanity’s biases and blind spots, our own unstated assumptions and often contradictory goals. A dazzlingly interdisciplinary work, it takes a hard look not only at our technology but at our culture—and finds a story by turns harrowing and hopeful.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy by : Andrew Fenton Cooper
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy written by Andrew Fenton Cooper and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 990 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including chapters from some of the leading experts in the field this Handbook provides a full overview of the nature and challenges of modern diplomacy and includes a tour d'horizon of the key ways in which the theory and practice of modern diplomacy are evolving in the 21st Century.
Book Synopsis To Balance or Not to Balance by : Eric A. Miller
Download or read book To Balance or Not to Balance written by Eric A. Miller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, fifteen newly independent states emerged from the imperial wreckage, some more ready than others to grasp their new found independence. This book tackles the seminal question related to these broader developments: why did some states choose to align with Russia, despite Moscow's overwhelming power advantage and recurrent neo-imperial ambitions? Eric A. Miller develops and tests a theoretical framework that extends traditional realist alignment theories to include domestic level political and economic variables critical to the study of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Specifically, Miller argues that internal political threats to CIS leaders and the extent of a country's economic dependence on Russia were the most influential factors in determining alignments. The volume is designed to meet the need for a thorough theoretical and scholarly assessment of the international and domestic politics of CIS countries.
Book Synopsis Alignment, Alliance, and American Grand Strategy by : Zachary A. Selden
Download or read book Alignment, Alliance, and American Grand Strategy written by Zachary A. Selden and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Joining the debates about preserving US military power abroad, Selden recommends encouraging security alliances
Download or read book Alignment written by Robert S. Kaplan and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to align all organisational units to the organisational strategy. Amplifies the ideas in the Balanced Scorecord and Strategy Maps.
Book Synopsis Alignment and the States by : Martha Vockley
Download or read book Alignment and the States written by Martha Vockley and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1969, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has been the common yardstick for measuring the progress of students' education over time across the country. Teachers, principals, parents, policymakers, and researchers all use NAEP results to assess progress and develop ways to improve education in America. To make the relationships between NAEP and state education systems more explicit, governors, policymakers, and staff members of state education departments and large urban districts increasingly are interested in comparing their assessments, standards, and more (including content coverage, test items, and cognitive demand) to NAEP. State officials are major consumers of NAEP results and NCES reports that examine these results, trends over time, and aspects of performance. They want answers to key questions, such as: (1) How does NAEP compare to state assessments?; (2) Does NAEP measure the same general knowledge and skills that state assessments measure?; (3) Does a level of "proficient" on state assessments mean the same thing as "proficient" on NAEP?; (4) Are students learning what is being tested on state assessments and on NAEP?; (5) Does the relative standing of a group or subgroup (or groups or subgroups) of students remain the same regardless of the assessment?; and (6) How do NAEP results relate to and inform school improvement policy initiatives? The theme of "alignment" runs through these questions. That is, how well do states' assessments and standards match to NAEP? In addition, states might be interested in finding out how well their state assessments and standards align with other tests, including: (1) The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA); (2) The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS); (3) The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS); (4) Commercially available standardized tests, such as the ACT or SAT; and (5) Other measures they use or are evaluating for use. To assist states in answering their questions, NCES supported the development of three approaches that could be useful for state alignment initiatives: (1) The NAEP ESSI Procedural Manual; (2) The HumRRO Model; and (3) The Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) Model. This report will help states understand the three alignment approaches in terms of the questions they are designed to answer; the methodologies, tools, resources, analyses, and products they offer; and the amount of time and human resources they require. Additionally, this report includes: (1) A comparison table that highlights the key features, resources, and procedures for conducting an alignment study with each of the three alignment approaches; and (2) A glossary that will help states understand the different terminology used to describe assessments and alignment. State NAEP coordinators, state and district assessment and curriculum directors, and other state and district officials can use this information to compare and select an alignment approach or model that best matches their needs, expectations, and resources to achieve their alignment objectives. These alignment approaches also could prove useful to states interested in comparing their assessment systems to international assessments. Webb's "Depth-of-Knowledge" Model for Alignment is appended. (Contains 5 tables, 3 figures and 16 exhibits.).
Book Synopsis The Art Of Alignment by : Art Johnson
Download or read book The Art Of Alignment written by Art Johnson and published by Made For Success Publishing. This book was released on 2021-02-23 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading organizations worldwide are evolving from the idea of employee engagement to that of organizational alignment. More important in today’s virtual work environment, The Art of Alignment provides a roadmap to creating alignment to your mission and vision to distributed teams. Readers will discover the answers to: How bought in to the mission and vision are your employees? Are leaders across your organization aligned? How are your KPIs integrated into the organizational alignment? The Art of Alignment takes a data-driven approach to organizational alignment. When executives add PURPOSE to engagement, coupled with measurement, your organization will experience market-leading performance. By following the 9-Pillars approach to leadership, your organization can increase key metrics by as much as 28% with each percentage point improvement in alignment. The approach to organizational alignment is organized into four parts; how it can be measured, practiced and analyzed: Part 1 – Alignment is the Responsibility of Leadership Part 2 – The Nine Pillars of Alignment Part 3 – The Data-Driven Leadership Playbook Part 4 – The Scientific Leader - Where Data Science Meets Leadership Decisions By adopting a scientific approach to your leadership style, leaders are able to visualize how to improve employee engagement and performance.
Book Synopsis The Soviet Union and the Strategy of Non-Alignment in the Third World by : Roy Allison
Download or read book The Soviet Union and the Strategy of Non-Alignment in the Third World written by Roy Allison and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988-12-15 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the overall Soviet conception of non-alignment in the Third World and assesses Soviet policy in relation to this issue.
Book Synopsis Total Instructional Alignment by : Lisa Carter
Download or read book Total Instructional Alignment written by Lisa Carter and published by Solution Tree Press. This book was released on 2009-02-01 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a teachers’ and administrators’ guide for implementing and sustaining an educational system that ensures students are taught and learn what is required by benchmarks, assessments, and state standards, and to the learning needs of each individual student. This is accomplished by providing a tight alignment between the intended, taught, and tested curricula.
Book Synopsis Tongue River Railroad Company, Inc., Construction and Operation, Western Alignment, Tongue River III, Rosebud and Big Horn Counties by :
Download or read book Tongue River Railroad Company, Inc., Construction and Operation, Western Alignment, Tongue River III, Rosebud and Big Horn Counties written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Curriculum Alignment by : David A. Squires
Download or read book Curriculum Alignment written by David A. Squires and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides information for school administrators and curriculum specialists on ways to align the curriculum to state standards to improve student achievement and teacher effectiveness.
Download or read book True Alignment written by Edgar Papke and published by AMACOM. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It cannot be overemphasized how important it is for leaders to ensure the company’s mission is manifested in the roles, expectations, and goals of every member of the organization. Companies live or die based on their ability to communicate and deliver on the promise their brand makes to its customers. But if that message is varied, or added to, or even unknown by a single member of the team, the resulting inefficiency, conflict, and disengagement will cripple a company’s ability to provide value to its customers. True Alignment reveals the blueprint for businesses of all types and sizes for creating a company culture where everyone is aligned to the vision and strategy behind the brand intention and responsible for living out the brand promise. You will learn how to: Decipher customer expectations Define the brand as a solution to the customer's needs Turn the unique selling proposition into the mission And much more You can replace the tires on a car, but if you don’t fix the alignment, you still won’t drive straight. The same goes for your company. Nothing else matters until the entire organization is aligned.
Book Synopsis China-Russia Strategic Alignment in International Politics by : Alexander Korolev
Download or read book China-Russia Strategic Alignment in International Politics written by Alexander Korolev and published by . This book was released on 2022-06-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-Cold War China-Russia strategic cooperation has displayed significant development and become an increasingly important factor in contemporary international politics. However, there has been no theory-grounded framework and corresponding measurements that would allow an accurate and systematic assessment of the level of China-Russia alignment and its progress over time. How closely aligned are China and Russia? How to define and measure strategic alignments between states? This book bridges area studies and International Relations literature to develop a set of objective criteria to measure and explain the development of strategic alignment in post-Cold War China-Russia relations. It establishes that on a range of criteria, China-Russia alignment is moving towards a full-fledged alliance. It is solid and comprehensive and continues to show a consistent incremental upward trend. There are strong structural incentives for furthering the China-Russia alignment, and there is little that might hinder the effective functioning of a China-Russia alliance. The alignment framework developed in the book can be applied to other cases of interstate strategic cooperation to facilitate comparisons between different strategic alignments.
