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Alcohols As Hydrogen Donor Solvents For Treatment Of Coal
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Book Synopsis Alcohols as Hydrogen-donor Solvents for Treatment of Coal by :
Download or read book Alcohols as Hydrogen-donor Solvents for Treatment of Coal written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for the hydroconversion of coal by solvent treatment at elevated temperatures and pressure wherein an alcohol having an .alpha.-hydrogen atom, particularly a secondary alcohol such as isopropanol, is utilized as a hydrogen donor solvent. In a particular embodiment, a base capable of providing a catalytically effective amount of the corresponding alcoholate anion under the solvent treatment conditions is added to catalyze the alcohol-coal reaction.
Book Synopsis Aspects of the chemistry of hydrogen donor solvent coal liquefaction by : Jan J. de Vlieger
Download or read book Aspects of the chemistry of hydrogen donor solvent coal liquefaction written by Jan J. de Vlieger and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office by :
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Using Pretreatment with a Binary Solvent Mixture by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Using Pretreatment with a Binary Solvent Mixture written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An improved process for thermal solvent refining or hydroliquefaction of non-anthracitic coal at elevated temperatures under hydrogen pressure in a hydrogen donor solvent comprises pretreating the coal with a binary mixture of an aromatic hydrocarbon and an aliphatic alcohol at a temperature below 300.degree. C. before the hydroliquefaction step. This treatment generally increases both conversion of coal and yields of oil.
Book Synopsis Solvent Treatment of Coal by : William Sydney Wise
Download or read book Solvent Treatment of Coal written by William Sydney Wise and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coal Solubilization at Short Reaction Times by : Manu Seth
Download or read book Coal Solubilization at Short Reaction Times written by Manu Seth and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Physical Size Reduction of Coal in a Hydrogen-donor Solvent on Coal Conversion by : Kurt F. Seefeldt
Download or read book Effects of Physical Size Reduction of Coal in a Hydrogen-donor Solvent on Coal Conversion written by Kurt F. Seefeldt and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Roles of Solvent, Catalyst and Hydrogen Donation in Coal Liquefaction/co-processing Reactions by : Frankie Nathaniel Cassell
Download or read book The Roles of Solvent, Catalyst and Hydrogen Donation in Coal Liquefaction/co-processing Reactions written by Frankie Nathaniel Cassell and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selectivity of Hydrogen-donor Solvents in the Thermal Dissolution of Coals by : T. E. Ivanova
Download or read book Selectivity of Hydrogen-donor Solvents in the Thermal Dissolution of Coals written by T. E. Ivanova and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Dissolution of a Victorian Brown Coal in a Hydrogen-donor Solvent by : Robert John Hooper
Download or read book The Dissolution of a Victorian Brown Coal in a Hydrogen-donor Solvent written by Robert John Hooper and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamental Kinetics of Supercritical Coal Liquefaction by :
Download or read book Fundamental Kinetics of Supercritical Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the quarterly report on our recent progress toward the overall objective to understand the supercritical fluid extraction of hydrocarbons from coal. Our strategy is to simulate coal as a high molecular-weight polymeric material by studying the degradation of polymers under various conditions. The hypothesis we are testing is that degradation of such macromolecules is applicable to the decomposition (depolymerization) of the coal network. Polymer degradation and coal liquefaction are influenced strongly by the solvent in the reaction. This motivated our investigation of the effect of hydrogen donor solvents on polymer degradation. In particular, we obtained new experimental data to show how a hydrogen donor, 6-hydroxy tetralin, influences the degradation rate of polystyrene. We also developed a detailed radical mechanism for hydrogen donation based on the Rice-Herzfeld chain reaction concept with the elementary steps of initiation, depropagation, hydrogen abstraction, and termination. Expressions for the degradation rate parameters were obtained by applying continuous distribution kinetics to the MWD of the reacting polymer. The theory explains the different influences of the hydrogen donor solvent on the degradation rate coefficients for different polymers. Though developed for the degradation of polymers, the mechanism and the theory are potentially applicable for chain scission and addition reactions among distributions of paraffins, olefins, and radicals of all chain lengths. The concepts can, in principle, be extended to examine the effect of hydrogen donors on coal liquefaction and on the complex mixture of liquefaction compounds. Based on this work, a research paper titled Effect of Hydrogen Donors on Polymer Degradation, has been submitted for publication. Our research paper entitled, Molecular weight effect on the dynamics of polystyrene degradation, has been accepted for publication by the journal, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research.
Book Synopsis Progress in Donor Assisted Coal Liquefaction by :
Download or read book Progress in Donor Assisted Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of hydrogen donor compounds in coal liquefaction has been extensively investigated since the mid 1960's using model compounds and process derived hydrogen donor solvents. Our recent research and that of other investigators have shown that two model compounds in particular have great efficacy in solvating low rank coals. 1,2,3,10b tetrahydrofluoranthene (H4Fl) and 1,2,3,6,7,8 hexahydropyrene (H6Py) have been used to dissolve Wyodak coal to> 95% soluble material as measured by tetrahydrofuran (THF). Although these hydrogen donors are very effective, they may not be found in any significant concentrations in actual liquefaction process recycle solvents. Therefore, studies with process derived recycle materials are necessary to understand donor solvent chemistry. The objective of this paper is to present results of solvent hydrogenation experiments using heavy distillate solvents produced during testing at the Wilsonville Advanced Coal Liquefaction Test Facility. We evaluated the impact of hydrogenation conditions upon hydrogen donor formation in process derived distillates and compared these process derived solvents with the highly effective H4Fl and H6Py donors in coal liquefaction tests. This paper presents data on reaction conditions used for distillate hydrotreating and subsequent coal liquefaction, with an aim toward understanding the relationship between reaction conditions and donor solvent quality in recycle distillates.
Book Synopsis Hydroliquefaction Performance of Two Kentucky Coals in Solvents of Various Hydrogen-donor Strengths by : Belkis B. Pina
Download or read book Hydroliquefaction Performance of Two Kentucky Coals in Solvents of Various Hydrogen-donor Strengths written by Belkis B. Pina and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogen-donor Coal Liquefaction Process by :
Download or read book Hydrogen-donor Coal Liquefaction Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved liquid yields are obtained during the hydrogen-donor solvent liquefaction of coal and similar carbonaceous solids by maintaining a higher concentration of material having hydrogenation catalytic activity in the downstream section of the liquefaction reactor system than in the upstream section of the system.
Book Synopsis Effects of Hydrogen Donor Additives on the Coking Properties of High-temperature Coal Extracts by : Matlou Hector Makgato
Download or read book Effects of Hydrogen Donor Additives on the Coking Properties of High-temperature Coal Extracts written by Matlou Hector Makgato and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refcoal is a carbon precursor obtained by alkali-mediated extraction of coal with aprotic solvents such as DMF. Refcoal can be converted into a graphitic material through appropriate heat treatment. Graphitisable materials require the development of an intermediate liquid crystalline mesophase. Thus formation of a mesophase during the carbonisation of Refcoal is essential for obtaining highly graphitisable anisotropic cokes suitable for nuclear graphite applications. Anisotropic carbons are even more important in other commercial and industrial application because of their distinctive properties. The formation of anisotropic carbon depends on the nature of the parent precursor, temperature and carbonisation conditions, especially the molecular mobility during the mesophase stage. High-temperature extraction of coal produces Refcoal that yield cokes with a low level of anisotropy. Good control of the mesophase stage during carbonisation may lead to the development of anisotropic cokes. Hydrogen donor additives increase the molecular mobility in the liquid phase by stabilising the free radicals formed by thermal decomposition of coal. Hydrogen donor additives also increase the temperature range over which fluidity occurs, thereby allowing the formation of large sized mosaic structures. Mittal pitches (CTP) and tetralin were examined for their effectiveness as hydrogen donor additives. Refcoal blends containing 10 to 50% by mass additive were prepared by mixing and carbonisation conducted at temperatures ranging form 400 to 1000 ʻC. Samples were analysed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT), optical microscope techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that addition of at least 10% tetralin improves the optical texture of Refcoal cokes and also increases the carbon yield. In both tetralin and pitch addition, 20% additive gave coarse circular anisotropic cokes after carbonisation at 650ʻC. However the carbon yield was reduced for the Refcoal coke treated with Mittal pitch. In fact the yield roughly decreases with an increase in pitch content. Although the cokes from pitch treated Refcoals showed a low ratio of d/g (where d indicates the degree of disordering and g the degree of ordering), Raman and XRD results indicate little further improvement in crystallinity but SEM showed development of a smooth morphology with increasing pitch content. Previous literature results suggest that this indicates that the material must have passed through a mesophase stage. Surprisingly, the addition of tetralin yielded cokes with high ratio of d/g, but improved the carbon yield and optical anisotropy. Increasing tetralin content in the carbonising system increased the size of anisotropic textures but the SEM micrographs show rough morphology with compounds that appear to inhibit mesophase spheres coalescence.
