Air Power As A Coercive Instrument

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Air Power as a Coercive Instrument

Author : Daniel Byman
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833048287
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Power as a Coercive Instrument by : Daniel Byman

Download or read book Air Power as a Coercive Instrument written by Daniel Byman and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 1999-08-20 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coercion--the use of threatened force to induce an adversary to change its behavior--is a critical function of the U.S. military. U.S. forces have recently fought in the Balkans, the Persian Gulf, and the Horn of Africa to compel recalcitrant regimes and warlords to stop repression, abandon weapons programs, permit humanitarian relief, and otherwise modify their actions. Yet despite its overwhelming military might, the United States often fails to coerce successfully. This report examines the phenomenon of coercion and how air power can contribute to its success. Three factors increase the likelihood of successful coercion: (1) the coercer's ability to raise the costs it imposes while denying the adversary the chance to respond (escalation dominance); (2) an ability to block an adversary's military strategy for victory; and (3) an ability to magnify third-party threats, such as internal instability or the danger posed by another enemy. Domestic political concerns (such as casualty sensitivity) and coalition dynamics often constrain coercive operations and impair the achievement of these conditions. Air power can deliver potent and credible threats that foster the above factors while neutralizing adversary countercoercive moves. When the favorable factors are absent, however, air power--or any other military instrument--will probably fail to coerce. Policymakers' use of coercive air power under inauspicious conditions diminishes the chances of using it elsewhere when the prospects of success would be greater.

Air Power as a Coercive Instrument

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Power as a Coercive Instrument by :

Download or read book Air Power as a Coercive Instrument written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of this larger study, members of the research team explored the role of air power as a coercive instrument. In recent years, decision makers have called on the USAF to play a major role in attempting to coerce foes in the Persian Gulf, the Horn of Africa, and Europe. Although the United States and the USAF have scored some notable successes, the record is mixed. The purpose of the study reported here is to better understand the phenomenon of coercion and learn what is necessary to carry it out, anticipate likely constraints on the use of force, and determine how air power can best be used to coerce. The report will be of particular interest to USAF and other Defense Department planners who seek to use force more effectively.

Bombing to Win

Author : Robert A. Pape
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801471508
Total Pages : 547 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Bombing to Win by : Robert A. Pape

Download or read book Bombing to Win written by Robert A. Pape and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Iraq to Bosnia to North Korea, the first question in American foreign policy debates is increasingly: Can air power alone do the job? Robert A. Pape provides a systematic answer. Analyzing the results of over thirty air campaigns, including a detailed reconstruction of the Gulf War, he argues that the key to success is attacking the enemy's military strategy, not its economy, people, or leaders. Coercive air power can succeed, but not as cheaply as air enthusiasts would like to believe.Pape examines the air raids on Germany, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq as well as those of Israel versus Egypt, providing details of bombing and governmental decision making. His detailed narratives of the strategic effectiveness of bombing range from the classical cases of World War II to an extraordinary reconstruction of airpower use in the Gulf War, based on recently declassified documents. In this now-classic work of the theory and practice of airpower and its political effects, Robert A. Pape helps military strategists and policy makers judge the purpose of various air strategies, and helps general readers understand the policy debates.

Small Wars, Big Stakes

Author : School of Advanced Airpower Studies
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781500500290
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Small Wars, Big Stakes by : School of Advanced Airpower Studies

Download or read book Small Wars, Big Stakes written by School of Advanced Airpower Studies and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2014-07-13 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States has vital interests to defend in many foreign countries. The strategist must understand the relationship between counterrevolutionary strategy, the military instrument, and airpower if called upon to help a friendly government defeat a revolutionary threat. Four questions can help the strategist explore the nature of this relationship. What is the role of the military instrument in counterrevolutionary warfare? What is the role of airpower in counterrevolutionary warfare? Can airpower achieve strategic effects in counterrevolutionary warfare? Can airpower make major contributions toward the success of counterrevolutionary forces? The strategy development process is a tool that can guide the strategist through a review of revolutionary theory and an analysis of counterrevolutionary strategy. The revolutionary environment must be examined to determine the actors, motivations, aims, and strategies of the revolutionary battlefield. Next, a national counterrevolutionary strategy is formulated that identifies the roles that each instrument of power must play to achieve the desired end-state. Military leaders formulate a subordinate strategy based on the assigned role(s), which includes determining how airpower can best support the national strategy. Strategy execution implies monitoring the instruments of power, reassessing the environment, and modifying ends, ways, and means as appropriate. Theory suggests the government must correctly identify the nature of the revolutionary threat before developing its counterrevolutionary strategy. After determining whether it is facing a partisan or insurgent threat (or something in between), the government tries to identify the correct mixture of persuasive and coercive operations that is needed to win over the people and neutralize the revolutionary threat. Persuasive strategies seek to gain, bolster, or otherwise amass the popular support required for legitimacy. Coercive strategies attempt to neutralize the adversary by making him irrelevant to the political process prior to total military defeat. The military instrument and its airpower tool conduct operations in pursuit of both persuasive and coercive tasks. Three historical cases are analyzed to gain experienced based insights to answer the thesis questions. The cases were the Greek Civil War, 1946-1949; the Malayan Emergency, 1948-1960; and the Insurrection in El Salvador, 1981-1992. In each of these cases the governments struggled to develop a counterrevolutionary strategy. In Greece and Malaya the government successfully neutralized the revolutionary threat. Although the Salvadoran government technically defeated the rebels, they remained an important part of El Salvador's political process. This work offers four conclusions. First, the roles of the military instrument in counterrevolutionary warfare are persuasion and coercion. Next, airpower normally assumes the role assigned to the military instrument, although airpower's unique versatility often permits the simultaneous accomplishment of both persuasive and coercive operations. Third, airpower can create both positive and negative strategic effects. Finally, airpower makes its most important contribution toward the success of counterrevolutionary forces when it is employed in support of ground operations

The Future of Air Power in the Aftermath of the Gulf War

Author : Robert L. Pfaltzgraff
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428992812
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Air Power in the Aftermath of the Gulf War by : Robert L. Pfaltzgraff

Download or read book The Future of Air Power in the Aftermath of the Gulf War written by Robert L. Pfaltzgraff and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1992 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays reflects the proceedings of a 1991 conference on "The United States Air Force: Aerospace Challenges and Missions in the 1990s," sponsored by the USAF and Tufts University. The 20 contributors comment on the pivotal role of airpower in the war with Iraq and address issues and choices facing the USAF, such as the factors that are reshaping strategies and missions, the future role and structure of airpower as an element of US power projection, and the aerospace industry's views on what the Air Force of the future will set as its acquisition priorities and strategies. The authors agree that aerospace forces will be an essential and formidable tool in US security policies into the next century. The contributors include academics, high-level military leaders, government officials, journalists, and top executives from aerospace and defense contractors.

The Power to Coerce

Author : David C. Gompert
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833090615
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis The Power to Coerce by : David C. Gompert

Download or read book The Power to Coerce written by David C. Gompert and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2016-02-25 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mounting costs, risks, and public misgivings of waging war are raising the importance of U.S. power to coerce (P2C). The best P2C options are financial sanctions, support for nonviolent political opposition to hostile regimes, and offensive cyber operations. The state against which coercion is most difficult and risky is China, which also happens to pose the strongest challenge to U.S. military options in a vital region.

Military Strategy, Joint Operations, and Airpower

Author : Ryan Burke
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 1647122503
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Military Strategy, Joint Operations, and Airpower by : Ryan Burke

Download or read book Military Strategy, Joint Operations, and Airpower written by Ryan Burke and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Military Strategy, Joint Operations, and Airpower introduces contemporary strategy at the operational level of war. Developed as foundational reading for all US Air Force Academy cadets, this textbook is designed to close the gap between military theory and practice.

Military Strategy: A Very Short Introduction

Author : Antulio J. Echevarria II
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197760155
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (977 download)

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Book Synopsis Military Strategy: A Very Short Introduction by : Antulio J. Echevarria II

Download or read book Military Strategy: A Very Short Introduction written by Antulio J. Echevarria II and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military Strategy: A Very Short Introduction adapts Clausewitz's framework to highlight the dynamic relationship between the main elements of strategy: purpose, method, and means. Drawing on historical examples, Antulio J. Echevarria discusses the major types of military strategy and how emerging technologies are affecting them. This second edition has been updated to include an expanded chapter on manipulation through cyberwarfare and new further reading.

Air Power and Warfare

Author : Strategic Studies Institute
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781709043949
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (439 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Power and Warfare by : Strategic Studies Institute

Download or read book Air Power and Warfare written by Strategic Studies Institute and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this detailed but concise monograph, air power expert Tami Davis Biddle walks us through our century-long experience of air power as an instrument of warfare. Using the twin pillars of theory and history, she explains the expectations that were held for aircraft in war and then examines how those expectations played out in the actual realm of practice. This monograph, which focuses primarily on the most controversial aspect of air power, coercive bombing, takes a chronological approach that starts with World War I and comes all the way to the present day. By contrasting theory and practice, she identifies the overarching themes that have run through history and pinpoints those moments when the gaps between theory and practice have been largest. Her narrative mainly (but not exclusively) follows the experience of the U.S. Air Force. By the middle of World War II, the predecessor institution, the U.S. Army Air Forces, was investing more in aircraft than any other nation. The United States continued that pattern after the war, maintaining a large standing Air Force designed to deter threats to American interests, and to take a leading role in fighting the nation's wars.Each decade brought new capabilities and new expectations. Americans embraced aviation technology and were at the forefront of its rapid development as an instrument of military power. Not infrequently, air power proponents expected more from it than it could deliver on its own. Not every war that the Americans fought after 1945 was suited to the dominant ways and means of American air power. The ability to coerce an enemy rests heavily on an accurate calculation of enemy will, and determination to sacrifice in order to hold or gain a stake. The tendency of Americans to assume that they could successfully coerce-through numbers and power-has not always served them well. Biddle explains, however, those times when coercive air power has been effective in the last century and details the conditions undergirding that effectiveness. Moreover, she argues that early air theorist Giulio Douhet was right in one particular respect: the nation that wins and holds "command of the air" has an immense advantage in conventional warfighting. Biddle agrees with air theorist Robert Pape's argument that gaining air superiority is a sui generis function, distinct from the application of coercive air power, but that such superiority facilitates the subsequent use of coercive air power, and forms a crucial foundation for its success.

Military Coercion and US Foreign Policy

Author : Melanie W. Sisson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100005683X
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Military Coercion and US Foreign Policy by : Melanie W. Sisson

Download or read book Military Coercion and US Foreign Policy written by Melanie W. Sisson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the use of military force as a coercive tool by the United States, using lessons drawn from the post-Cold War era (1991–2018). The volume reveals that despite its status as sole superpower during the post-Cold War period, US efforts to coerce other states failed as often as they succeeded. In the coming decades, the United States will face states that are more capable and creative, willing to challenge its interests and able to take advantage of missteps and vulnerabilities. By using lessons derived from in-depth case studies and statistical analysis of an original dataset of more than 100 coercive incidents in the post-Cold War era, this book generates insight into how the US military can be used to achieve policy goals. Specifically, it provides guidance about the ways in which, and the conditions under which, the US armed forces can work in concert with economic and diplomatic elements of US power to create effective coercive strategies. This book will be of interest to students of US national security, US foreign policy, strategic studies and International Relations in general.

Air Power and Warfare: A Century of Theory and History

Author : Tami Davis Biddle
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781092421454
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Power and Warfare: A Century of Theory and History by : Tami Davis Biddle

Download or read book Air Power and Warfare: A Century of Theory and History written by Tami Davis Biddle and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this monograph, Tami Davis Biddle analyzes the historical record of air power over the past 100 years. Her monograph, designed for the student of strategy, is intended to provide both a concise introduction to the topic and a framework for thinking intelligently about air power, particularly aerial bombing. Her primary aim is to discern the distinction between what has been expected of air power by theorists and military institutions, and what it has produced in the crucible of war. Aerial bombing, Biddle argues, is a coercive activity in which an attacker seeks to structure the enemy's incentives-using threats and actions to shape and constrain the enemy's options, both perceived and real. It is an important and much-utilized military instrument for both deterrence and compellence. In addition, it is a powerful tool in the arsenal of the joint warfighter. Its ability to achieve anticipated results, however, varies with circumstances. Students of strategy must be able to discern and understand the conditions under which aerial bombing is more or less likely to achieve the results expected of it by those who employ it.

Space Capstone Publication Spacepower

Author : Us Government United States Space Force
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (743 download)

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Book Synopsis Space Capstone Publication Spacepower by : Us Government United States Space Force

Download or read book Space Capstone Publication Spacepower written by Us Government United States Space Force and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, Space Capstone Publication Spacepower: Doctrine for Space Forces, is capstone doctrine for the United States Space Force and represents our Service's first articulation of an independent theory of spacepower. This publication answers why spacepower is vital for our Nation, how military spacepower is employed, who military space forces are, and what military space forces value. In short, this capstone document is the foundation of our professional body of knowledge as we forge an independent military Service committed to space operations. Like all doctrine, the SCP remains subject to the policies and strategies that govern its employment. Military spacepower has deterrent and coercive capacities - it provides independent options for National and Joint leadership but achieves its greatest potential when integrated with other forms of military power. As we grow spacepower theory and doctrine, we must do so in a way that fosters greater integration with the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. It is only by achieving true integration and interdependence that we can hope to unlock spacepower's full potential.

Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare

Author : Tami Biddle
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400824974
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare by : Tami Biddle

Download or read book Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare written by Tami Biddle and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-10 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major revision of our understanding of long-range bombing, this book examines how Anglo-American ideas about "strategic" bombing were formed and implemented. It argues that ideas about bombing civilian targets rested on--and gained validity from--widespread but substantially erroneous assumptions about the nature of modern industrial societies and their vulnerability to aerial bombardment. These assumptions were derived from the social and political context of the day and were maintained largely through cognitive error and bias. Tami Davis Biddle explains how air theorists, and those influenced by them, came to believe that strategic bombing would be an especially effective coercive tool and how they responded when their assumptions were challenged. Biddle analyzes how a particular interpretation of the World War I experience, together with airmen's organizational interests, shaped interwar debates about strategic bombing and preserved conceptions of its potentially revolutionary character. This flawed interpretation as well as a failure to anticipate implementation problems were revealed as World War II commenced. By then, the British and Americans had invested heavily in strategic bombing. They saw little choice but to try to solve the problems in real time and make long-range bombing as effective as possible. Combining narrative with analysis, this book presents the first-ever comparative history of British and American strategic bombing from its origins through 1945. In examining the ideas and rhetoric on which strategic bombing depended, it offers critical insights into the validity and robustness of those ideas--not only as they applied to World War II but as they apply to contemporary warfare.

Air Power

Author : Tony Mason
Publisher : Potomac Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Power by : Tony Mason

Download or read book Air Power written by Tony Mason and published by Potomac Books. This book was released on 1994 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Did the impact of air power in the Gulf War mark a revolution in warfare? Is air power impotent in politically fractured scenarios such as Bosnia? Does air power need to break free from habits and concepts induced by 40 years of superpower confrontation? How does air power impinge upon new security structures in Europe and the Middle East? Can air power any longer have the same meaning in Washington, Moscow, Stockholm or Copenhagen? How can air power contribute, and with what implications, to international peacekeeping and peace enforcing? How can the complexities of air power be contained within arms control and confidence-building regimes? What support can air power offer to international diplomacy?

The United States and Coercive Diplomacy

Author : Robert J. Art
Publisher : US Institute of Peace Press
ISBN 13 : 9781929223459
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (234 download)

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Book Synopsis The United States and Coercive Diplomacy by : Robert J. Art

Download or read book The United States and Coercive Diplomacy written by Robert J. Art and published by US Institute of Peace Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "As Robert Art makes clear in a groundbreaking conclusion, those results have been mixed at best. Art dissects the uneven performance of coercive diplomacy and explains why it has sometimes worked and why it has more often failed."--BOOK JACKET.

The Influence of Airpower upon History

Author : Robin Higham
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813140722
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis The Influence of Airpower upon History by : Robin Higham

Download or read book The Influence of Airpower upon History written by Robin Higham and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From early zeppelins, to the Luftwaffe and the Enola Gay, to the unmanned aerial vehicles of today, air power has long been regarded as an invaluable instrument of war. However, nations have employed aircraft for many other purposes as well; they provide security and surveillance, and they are vital to myriad diplomatic and humanitarian efforts. Air power has become a means for statesmen to advance a variety of goals, opening up new possibilities and problems in times of peace as well as war. The Influence of Air Power upon History examines the many ways in which aviation technology has impacted policymaking since 1903. It analyzes air strategy in nations around the world and explores how a country's presumed technological capability, or lack thereof, has become a crucial aspect of diplomacy. Together, the essays in this insightful volume offer a greater understanding of the history of military force and diplomatic relations in the global community.

The Dynamics of Coercion

Author : Daniel Byman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521007801
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Coercion by : Daniel Byman

Download or read book The Dynamics of Coercion written by Daniel Byman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-02-04 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines why some attempts to strong-arm an adversary work while others do not.