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Agriculture And Trade Liberalisation Extending The Uruguay Round Agreement
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Book Synopsis Agriculture and Trade Liberalisation Extending the Uruguay Round Agreement by : OECD
Download or read book Agriculture and Trade Liberalisation Extending the Uruguay Round Agreement written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2002-03-28 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides information on the average tariff levels and on the use of tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies and export credits by selected OECD countries for temperate-zone agricultural products.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round by : Merlinda D. Ingco
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round written by Merlinda D. Ingco and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Negotiations by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Negotiations written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round by : Merlinda Ingco
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round written by Merlinda Ingco and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After evaluating the Uruguay Round's impact on agriculture and border protection in the next decade, the author concludes that while there was significant reform of the rules - particularly the conversion of nontariff barriers into tariffs and the reduction and binding of all tariffs - in practice, trade will probably be liberalized less than expected. The objective of the Round was to reverse protectionism and remove trade distortions. This may not be achieved in practice, at least not until further reductions are carried out in future rounds of negotiations. The major exception to this conclusion is in high-income Asian countries, where protection for major commodities will be significantly reduced. The tariffication and binding of all tariffs on agricultural products represents a significant step forward. Liberalization is implicit because countries are prohhibited from arbitrarily raising tariffs to new higher levels. But many of the newly established tariffs are so high in many countries as to effectively prohibit trade. Patterns of liberalization vary considerably by commodity and by country. Generally, the extent of liberalization was diminished by binding tariffs to the base period of 1986-88, when border protection was at a high point. In most OECD countries, this was worsened by quot;dirty tariffication:quot; the new base tariffs offered even greater protection than the nontariff barriers they replaced. Even after the commitments to tariff reductions in the Round, the ad valorem measure of the final binding tariffs will remain higher than the average rate of protection in 1982-93. A number of developing countries in East Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East chose to lock in prior liberalization efforts on some products. But for most commodities, there will be little actual liberalization, since most developing countries chose to bind their tariffs at a maximum level. Even when countries reduced already-bound rates, bound tariffs remained significantly higher than current applied rates, giving countries the flexibility to raise tariffs later. The high level of bound tariffs may allow countries to apply variable tariffs below the bound level, thus failing to stabilize tariffs and improve market access. Moreover, the Round did not touch many of the worst distortions in developing countries, such as import subsidies, export taxes, state-trading monopolies, and domestic policies that implicitly tax agriculture.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round: One Step Forward, One Step Back? by : D. Merlinda Ingco
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round: One Step Forward, One Step Back? written by D. Merlinda Ingco and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 1995 After evaluating the Uruguay Round's impact on agriculture and border protection in the next decade, the author concludes that while there was significant reform of the rules - particularly the conversion of nontariff barriers into tariffs and the reduction and binding of all tariffs - in practice, trade will probably be liberalized less than expected. The objective of the Round was to reverse protectionism and remove trade distortions. This may not be achieved in practice, at least not until further reductions are carried out in future rounds of negotiations. The major exception to this conclusion is in high-income Asian countries, where protection for major commodities will be significantly reduced. The tariffication and binding of all tariffs on agricultural products represents a significant step forward. Liberalization is implicit because countries are prohhibited from arbitrarily raising tariffs to new higher levels. But many of the newly established tariffs are so high in many countries as to effectively prohibit trade. Patterns of liberalization vary considerably by commodity and by country. Generally, the extent of liberalization was diminished by binding tariffs to the base period of 1986-88, when border protection was at a high point. In most OECD countries, this was worsened by dirty tariffication: the new base tariffs offered even greater protection than the nontariff barriers they replaced. Even after the commitments to tariff reductions in the Round, the ad valorem measure of the final binding tariffs will remain higher than the average rate of protection in 1982-93. A number of developing countries in East Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East chose to lock in prior liberalization efforts on some products. But for most commodities, there will be little actual liberalization, since most developing countries chose to bind their tariffs at a maximum level. Even when countries reduced already-bound rates, bound tariffs remained significantly higher than current applied rates, giving countries the flexibility to raise tariffs later. The high level of bound tariffs may allow countries to apply variable tariffs below the bound level, thus failing to stabilize tariffs and improve market access. Moreover, the Round did not touch many of the worst distortions in developing countries, such as import subsidies, export taxes, state-trading monopolies, and domestic policies that implicitly tax agriculture.
Book Synopsis Implications of the Uruguay Round Agreement for South Asia by : Benoit Blarel
Download or read book Implications of the Uruguay Round Agreement for South Asia written by Benoit Blarel and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bibliography of Research Supporting the Uruguay Round of the GATT. by : Carl Mabbs-Zeno
Download or read book Bibliography of Research Supporting the Uruguay Round of the GATT. written by Carl Mabbs-Zeno and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Negotiations by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Negotiations written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Uruguay Round written by Will Martin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a synopsis of the papers, feedback, and discussion from the World Bank's sec conference on the Uruguay Round and the developing economies held January 1995.
Book Synopsis The Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations by : United States. Agriculture Policy Advisory Committee
Download or read book The Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations written by United States. Agriculture Policy Advisory Committee and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Multilateral Trade Agenda by : Joseph F. Francois
Download or read book The Multilateral Trade Agenda written by Joseph F. Francois and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Uruguay Round and the Developing Economies by : Will Martin
Download or read book The Uruguay Round and the Developing Economies written by Will Martin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural liberalization and the Uruguay round; The Uruguay round: an assessment of economywide and agricultural reforms; Trade in manufactures: the outcome of the Uruguay round and developing country interest; Liberalizing manufactures trade in changing world economy; The Uruguay round and market access: opportunities and challenges for developing countries; Assessing the Uruguay round.
Book Synopsis The Implications of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture for Developing Countries by : Stephen Healy
Download or read book The Implications of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture for Developing Countries written by Stephen Healy and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1998 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Manual has been prepared as part of a series of training materials for use in programmes of capacity-building in policy formulation and analysis. Its aim is to explain the content of the Agreement on Agriculture and the main functions of the World Trade Organisation and to help agricultural policy analysts in developing countries assess the economic and administrative implications of the Agreement on Agriculture. In particular, the manual is meant to contribute to the formulation of WTO-compatible agricultural domestic and trade policies in investigating new trade opportunities and improving the understanding of the impact of the Agreement on a country's food security.
Book Synopsis U.S. Trade Objectives in the Uruguay Round by :
Download or read book U.S. Trade Objectives in the Uruguay Round written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Review of the Uruguay Round GATT Agreement Implications for Agricultural Trade by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture
Download or read book Review of the Uruguay Round GATT Agreement Implications for Agricultural Trade written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries by : Will Martin
Download or read book The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries written by Will Martin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-12-12 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shift in orientation toward relatively open trading systems was reflected in the attitudes and participation of developing countries in the Uruguay Round. They involved themselves fully in formulating the rules of the new trading system, and also made significant offers both in the conventional area of reducing tariff protection on manufactures trade, and in the "new" areas, such as trade in services, trade in agriculture, and trade-related intellectual property.
Book Synopsis The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture An Evaluation of its Implementation in OECD Countries by : OECD
Download or read book The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture An Evaluation of its Implementation in OECD Countries written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2001-05-03 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates the implementation of the Uruguay Round on Agriculture, how effective it has been, and what policy lessons can be drawn.