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Age Differences In Familiarity And Recollection
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Book Synopsis Age Differences in Familiarity and Recollection by : Daniela Czernochowski
Download or read book Age Differences in Familiarity and Recollection written by Daniela Czernochowski and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there a qualitative difference between memory functions in adults and children? Given the relevance of memory processes for virtually every aspect of everyday life and the complex interactions between memory development and general cognitive abilities, surprisingly little is known about memory abilities in childhood. In four experiments with children aged 6-12 years and young adults, the developmental trajectories of two separate mechanisms underlying recognition memory - familiarity and recollection - were examined using event-related potentials (ERPs). Developmental changes were evident in both mechanisms of recognition memory. The data also revealed some surprising similarities across the life-span and emphasize the importance of strategic modulation of memory retrieval. Furthermore, the present investigation of memory development highlights age-related changes in cognitive processes and the maturation of the brain structures underlying these developmental changes.
Book Synopsis Recollection and Familiarity Differences in Younger and Older Adults by : Kaylin M. Greene
Download or read book Recollection and Familiarity Differences in Younger and Older Adults written by Kaylin M. Greene and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Content-specific Age-related Effects on Recollection and Familiarity by : Patricia Marshall
Download or read book Content-specific Age-related Effects on Recollection and Familiarity written by Patricia Marshall and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Influence of Recollection and Familiarity on Age-related Differences in Primary and Secondary Distinctiveness by : Andrew John Kelly
Download or read book The Influence of Recollection and Familiarity on Age-related Differences in Primary and Secondary Distinctiveness written by Andrew John Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distinctiveness effect refers to the empirical finding of superior memory for items that stand out from the environment relative to common stimuli. Two variants of distinctiveness paradigms (isolation effect and orthographic distinctiveness) were examined under intentional learning instructions. The isolation effect was also examined using incidental learning instructions. Both groups exhibited distinctiveness effects; further, these effects were accompanied by increases in recollection and familiarity with intentional learning only. This finding is surprising as older adults normatively show declines in recollection with advancing age. Under incidental instructions, none of the groups demonstrated distinctiveness effects, and estimates of recollection and familiarity were identical for distinct and non-distinct items. There was no evidence for heightened objective source memory for distinct items, across the three experiments. These results contribute to a growing literature that older adults can benefit from the presence of distinct information; however, not with incidental learning instructions. Furthermore, the current experiments suggest that in distinctiveness paradigms, older adults are able to display estimates of recollection that are commensurate with young adults. This outcome may arise because distinctiveness paradigms support relational processing, which in turn can improve item-specific processing and boost recollection judgments.
Book Synopsis Investigations of Age-related Effects on the Neural Correlates of Recollection and Familiarity by : Tracy Hsiang-Yi Wang
Download or read book Investigations of Age-related Effects on the Neural Correlates of Recollection and Familiarity written by Tracy Hsiang-Yi Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present research investigated age-related differences in the neural correlates of two putative processes (recollection and familiarity) supporting recognition memory. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) were utilized in concert with retrieval tasks that allow trials associated with recollection to be segregated from trials associated with familiarity. Some studies investigating age-related effects on the neural correlates of successful retrieval have reported that the neural correlates of retrieval are larger and more widespread in older subjects than in the young ('cortical over-recruitment'). These studies, however, vary widely in their methodologies, analyses, and even characterization of memory retrieval. The aim of the research described here is to elucidate the effects of age on the neural correlates of recognition memory. The second chapter of this dissertation describes an experiment that characterizes the neural correlates of episodic memory in subjects typically considered 'older' (between the ages of 63-77) and 'younger' (between the ages of 18-30) as indexed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The third chapter describes an analogous Event-related potential (ERP) study that investigated the electrophysiological correlates of recollection and familiarity in the same age groups as the study described in the second chapter. Finally, the fourth chapter describes the final experiment that investigated cortical reinstatement of material-specific recollection related effects in young and older subjects. This final study utilized univariate analysis to identify cortical reinstatement of material specific recollection-related activity, while using multivariate pattern analysis to quantify the amount of reinstatement in each age group. Overall, the findings provide evidence that there is no significant neural reorganization for the retrieval of episodic memory in the face of advancing age. Rather, the presented research suggests that under circumstances where encoding and retrieval are well controlled, the neural correlates of episodic retrieval remain largely invariant as a function of age.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging by : Ayanna K. Thomas
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging written by Ayanna K. Thomas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 1019 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that normal aging is accompanied by cognitive change. Much of this change has been conceptualized as a decline in function. However, age-related changes are not universal, and decrements in older adult performance may be moderated by experience, genetics, and environmental factors. Cognitive aging research to date has also largely emphasized biological changes in the brain, with less evaluation of the range of external contributors to behavioral manifestations of age-related decrements in performance. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge cognitive aging research through the lens of a life course perspective that takes into account both behavioral and neural changes. Focusing on the fundamental principles that characterize a life course approach - genetics, early life experiences, motivation, emotion, social contexts, and lifestyle interventions - this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in cognition, aging, and gerontology.
Book Synopsis Tip-of-the-Tongue States and Related Phenomena by : Bennett L. Schwartz
Download or read book Tip-of-the-Tongue States and Related Phenomena written by Bennett L. Schwartz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume seeks to assemble various works on the 'tip-of-the-tongue state' and related phenomena.
Book Synopsis The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory by : Amanda Parker
Download or read book The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory written by Amanda Parker and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005-08-18 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in techniques available to memory researchers have led to a rapid expansion in the field of cognitive neuroscience of memory. This book provides accessible coverage of four key areas of recent advance, including research on functional imaging, electrophysiological and lesion studies, and developments from the computational modelling approach. The first section reviews functional imaging studies in humans, with particular emphasis on how imaging methods have clarified the cortical areas involved in memory formation and retrieval. The second section describes electrophysiological and lesion research in monkeys, where lesion and disconnection studies are rapidly adding to our knowledge of both information processing and modulatory aspects of memory formation. In the third section, electrophysiological and lesion studies in rats are reviewed allowing for a detailed study of the role of novelty and exploration in memory formation. The final section reviews current research in computational modelling which has allowed the development of new theoretical and experimental approaches to the study of memory encoding and retrieval. This volume draws together the current developments in each field, allowing the synthesis of ideas and providing converging evidence from a range of sources. It will be a useful resource for both advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of psychology, as well as researchers in the field and anyone with an interest in cognitive neuroscience.
Book Synopsis Age Differences in Recollection by : Lin Luo
Download or read book Age Differences in Recollection written by Lin Luo and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six experiments were conducted to examine the factors modulating the size of age differences in recollection. The research presented in the current thesis was guided by the notions of self-initiated processing and environmental support. Older and younger adults' performance in recollection was measured by Jacoby's (1990) process dissociation procedure (PDP); the age differences as a function of self-initiated processing demands of the task and the amount of support provided to the participants were assessed by manipulating the encoding (Experiments 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3) and retrieval (Experiments 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) contexts.Experiments 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 investigated age-related changes in retrieval processes and their interactions with retrieval contexts. In each of the three experiments, some of the test lists were constructed so that participants had to recollect specific aspects of the encoding event to differentiate between the to-be-included and to-be-excluded items, whereas other test lists were constructed so that they only had to recollect general aspects. Older adults showed reduced levels of recollection than younger adults for the high-specificity test lists only (Experiment 3.1). Encoding manipulations improved (Experiment 3.2) or reduced (Experiment 3.3) recollection performance but the effects did not interact with test, whereas DA at retrieval (Experiment 3.3) in younger adults partly mimicked aging.In summary, the six experiments showed that older adults have greater difficulties in spontaneously carrying out distinctive and integrative processes at encoding, and in accessing specific information at retrieval compared to their younger counterparts. These age-related changes further interact with the processing demanded or afforded by the encoding and retrieval conditions.Experiments 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 examined interactions of aging and encoding contexts. Recollection under baseline conditions (i.e. visually presented words) was contrasted with recollection of items encoded under contexts that are assumed to enhance memory. The results showed differential age-related patterns of benefits from encoding conditions: Presenting pictures with words benefited older adults more than younger adults; word generation benefited both groups equally; and presenting sound effects with visual words benefited younger more than older adults.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Role of Pair Familiarity in the Associative Deficit of Older Adults by : Angela Kilb
Download or read book Assessing the Role of Pair Familiarity in the Associative Deficit of Older Adults written by Angela Kilb and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While aging causes relatively minor impairment in recognition memory for components, older adults' ability to remember associations between components is typically significantly compromised, relative to that of younger adults (see Naveh-Benjamin, 2000). Moreover, using dual process models of memory, Jennings & Jacoby (1997) have demonstrated that age differences are much larger for measures of recollection than for familiarity. Because older adults have intact use of familiarity, one possibility is that they rely too heavily on their familiarity of the components when making judgments about associations, causing them to mistakenly recognize novel pairings of familiar items. The purpose of the current study is to explore possible methods that allow older adults to capitalize on their intact familiarity in order to accurately remember pairings of information. Experiments 1 and 2 investigated this by unitizing two components of a pair such that the color information enables certain pairings to appear as one unit. In Experiments 3 and 4, participants were repeatedly presented with pairings prior to a study list so that the pairs were already familiar during the study phase. Remember/know judgments were collected in order to determine if any advantages in associative tests were related to reliance on familiarity or recollection. Evidence shows that both unitization and repetition increase associative memory in both younger and older adults. While recollection seems to mediate this effect in unitization, findings suggest that both familiarity and recollection are involved in enhancing associative memory via repetition.
Book Synopsis Geriatric Psychiatry by : Leopold Bellak
Download or read book Geriatric Psychiatry written by Leopold Bellak and published by Thomas Allen Publishers. This book was released on 1976 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Development of Implicit and Explicit Memory by : Carolyn K. Rovee-Collier
Download or read book The Development of Implicit and Explicit Memory written by Carolyn K. Rovee-Collier and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the only book that examines the theory and data on the development of implicit and explicit memory. It first describes the characteristics of implicit and explicit memory (including conscious recollection) and tasks used with adults to measure them. Next, it reviews the brain mechanisms thought to underlie implicit and explicit memory and the studies with amnesics that initially prompted the search for different neuroanatomically-based memory systems. Two chapters review the Jacksonian (first in, last out) principle and empirical evidence for the hierarchical appearance and dissolution of two memory systems in animal models (rats, nonhuman primates), children, and normal/amnesic adults. Two chapters examine memory tasks used with human infants and evidence of implicit and explicit memory during early infancy. Three final chapters consider structural and processing accounts of adult memory dissociations, their applicability to infant memory dissociations, and implications of infant data for current concepts of implicit and explicit memory. (Series B)
Book Synopsis The Elements of Cognitive Aging by : Paul Verhaeghen
Download or read book The Elements of Cognitive Aging written by Paul Verhaeghen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... Provides a quantitative overview of the vast literature on aging and speeded tasks based on a large number of meta-analyses, many of them new to this book. This volume thus brings together, for the first time, almost everything we know about aging and processing speed"--Jacket, page [2].
Book Synopsis Oxford Handbook of Face Perception by : Andrew J. Calder
Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Face Perception written by Andrew J. Calder and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 30 years, face perception has become an area of major interest within psychology. This is the most comprehensive and commanding review of the field ever published.
Book Synopsis Involuntary Autobiographical Memories by : Dorthe Berntsen
Download or read book Involuntary Autobiographical Memories written by Dorthe Berntsen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-26 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study promotes a new interpretation of involuntary autobiographical memories, a phenomenon previously defined as a sign of distress or trauma.
Book Synopsis The Wiley Handbook on The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory by : Donna Rose Addis
Download or read book The Wiley Handbook on The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory written by Donna Rose Addis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wiley Handbook on the Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory presents a comprehensive overview of the latest, cutting-edge neuroscience research being done relating to the study of human memory and cognition. Features the analysis of original data using cutting edge methods in cognitive neuroscience research Presents a conceptually accessible discussion of human memory research Includes contributions from authors that represent a “who’s who” of human memory neuroscientists from the U.S. and abroad Supplemented with a variety of excellent and accessible diagrams to enhance comprehension
Book Synopsis Scientific Approaches to Consciousness by : Jonathan D. Cohen
Download or read book Scientific Approaches to Consciousness written by Jonathan D. Cohen and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many ways to approach the understanding of consciousness. Questions about these ways have occupied philosophers and metaphysicians for centuries. During the early growth of cognitive science the problem of consciousness remained taboo, but an increasing number of studies have either implicitly or explicitly begun to bear on its nature. These have been inspired by a number of different different original questions, and focus on a variety of different empirical phenomena. Thus, studies of implicit memory, subliminal processing, strategic versus automatic processing, allocation of attention, and differences between information processes in the awake versus dreaming state all share a common assumption of a particular quality or state -- awakeness, awareness, alertness, namely consciousness -- that somehow can be distinguished from another type of state or states in which the subject is not aware of the information being processed. What distinguishes the cognitive psychological and cognitive neuroscience approach to the question of consciousness from that of philosophy and metaphysics is scientific methodology: a set of tools that permit the empirical study of a phenomenon in an objective and reproducible way. Recent developments in both the empirical and theoretical methodologies of these fields have made it possible to begin to study the phenomenon associated with -- if not directly underlying -- consciousness in a scientific fashion. This volume tries to resolve the difficulties associated with the scientific investigation of consciousness. The intent is to explore the extent to which consciousness can be the target of direct scientific inquiry, to get on the table some of the relevant work, and consider the degree to which this research can help inform our understanding of consciousness. It brings together a group of cognitive and neuroscientists to share relevant recent research in the fields of cognitive science and neuroscience and to determine whether any new strategies for the scientific pursuit of this question can be developed. A long-term goal is the development of a unified understanding of consciousness, scientific as well as philosophical perspectives. This volume takes the first step toward building the necessary local bridges.
