African Americans And Rotc

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African Americans and ROTC

Author : Charles Johnson, Jr.
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 9780786413249
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis African Americans and ROTC by : Charles Johnson, Jr.

Download or read book African Americans and ROTC written by Charles Johnson, Jr. and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2002-05-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work covers Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) detachments at historically African American colleges and universities throughout the United States from the inception of the Student Army Training Corps to the advanced programs currently in place. The armistices following World War I allowed for ROTC programs to be set up, World War II saw a push for recruits, and American participation in Vietnam made use of black soldiers more than ever. Despite African American participation in the military in war and peace, it took nearly 60 years for black collegiate education institutions (around 1973) to fulfill their need for Army, Navy and Air Force ROTC programs producing commissioned officers. The book discusses the beginnings of the ROTC programs at African American colleges with the Student Army Training Corps and the establishment, expansion and reorganization of the programs that followed. The acquisition of Air Force and Navy ROTC programs are discussed and all the revisions to the various programs thereafter, including opening them up to women.

Segregated Soldiers

Author : Marcus S. Cox
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807151769
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Segregated Soldiers by : Marcus S. Cox

Download or read book Segregated Soldiers written by Marcus S. Cox and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Segregated Soldiers, Marcus S. Cox investigates military training programs at historically black colleges and universities and demonstrates their importance to the struggle for civil rights. Examining African Americans' attitudes toward service in the armed forces, Cox focuses on the ways in which black higher education and Reserve Officer Training Corps programs worked together to advance full citizenship rights for African Americans. Educators at black colleges supported military training as early as the late nineteenth century in hopes of improving the social, economic, and political state of black citizens. Their attitudes reflected the long-held belief of many African Americans who viewed military service as a path to equal rights. Cox begins his narrative in the decades following the Civil War, when the movement to educate blacks became an essential element in the effort to offer equality to all African Americans. ROTC training emerged as a fundamental component of black higher education, as African American educators encouraged military activities to promote discipline, upright behavior, and patriotism. These virtues, they believed, would hasten African Americans' quest for civil rights and social progress. Using Southern University—one of the largest African American institutions of higher learning during the post–World War II era—as a case study, Cox shows how blacks' interest in military training and service continued to rise steadily throughout the 1950s. Even in the 1960s and early 1970s, despite the growing unpopularity of the Vietnam War, the rise of black nationalism, and an expanding economy that offered African Americans enhanced economic opportunities, support for the military persisted among blacks because many believed that service in the armed forces represented the best way to advance themselves in a society in which racial discrimination flourished. Unlike recent scholarship on historically black colleges and universities, Cox's study moves beyond institutional histories to provide a detailed examination of broader social, political, and economic issues, and demonstrates why military training programs remained a vital part of the schools' missions.

Strength for the Fight

Author : Bernard C. Nalty
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 002922411X
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (292 download)

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Book Synopsis Strength for the Fight by : Bernard C. Nalty

Download or read book Strength for the Fight written by Bernard C. Nalty and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1989 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys the history of blacks in the armed forces from the 1600s to the 1980s.

Army 101

Author : David Axe
Publisher : Univ of South Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 9781570036606
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (366 download)

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Book Synopsis Army 101 by : David Axe

Download or read book Army 101 written by David Axe and published by Univ of South Carolina Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Army 101 is a war correspondent's critical look at the dual lives of ROTC student-cadets. Axe spent a year interviewing and following the lives of student-cadets and trainers with the USC Gamecock Battalion ("undergrads with guns," as he labels them) to assess the strengths and weaknesses of a representative university ROTC program -- one of 270 currently in existence.

Citizen, Student, Soldier

Author : Gina M. Pérez
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 147980780X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Citizen, Student, Soldier by : Gina M. Pérez

Download or read book Citizen, Student, Soldier written by Gina M. Pérez and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2015-11-27 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1990s, Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC) programs have experienced unprecedented expansion in American public schools. The program and its proliferation in poor, urban schools districts with large numbers of Latina/o and African American students is not without controversy. Public support is often based on the belief that the program provides much-needed discipline for "at risk" youth. Meanwhile, critics of JROTC argue that the program is a recruiting tool for the U.S. military and is yet another example of an increasingly punitive climate that disproportionately affect youth of color in American public schools. Citizen, Student, Soldier intervenes in these debates, providing critical ethnographic attention to understanding the motivations, aspirations, and experiences of students who participate in increasing numbers in JROTC programs. These students have complex reasons for their participation, reasons that challenge the reductive idea that they are either dangerous youths who need discipline or victims being exploited by a predatory program. Rather, their participation is informed by their marginal economic position in the local political economy, as well as their desire to be regarded as full citizens, both locally and nationally. Citizenship is one of the central concerns guiding the JROTC curriculum; this book explores ethnographically how students understand and enact different visions of citizenship and grounds these understandings in local and national political economic contexts. It also highlights the ideological, social and cultural conditions of Latina/o youth and their families who both participate in and are enmeshed in vigorous debates about citizenship, obligation, social opportunity, militarism and, ultimately, the American Dream.

The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military

Author : Geoffrey Jensen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317743326
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military by : Geoffrey Jensen

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military written by Geoffrey Jensen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-20 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military provides an important overview of the main themes surrounding race in the American military establishment from the French and Indian War to the present day. By broadly incorporating the latest research on race and ethnicity into the field of military history, the book explores the major advances that have taken place in the past few decades at the intersection of these two fields. The discussion goes beyond the study of battles and generals to look at the other peoples who were involved in American military campaigns and analyzes how African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Chicanos helped shape the course of American History—both at home and on the battlefield. The book also includes coverage of American imperial ambitions and the national response to encountering other peoples in their own countries. The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race in the American Military defines how the history of race and ethnicity impacts military history, over time and comparatively, while encouraging scholarship on specific groups, periods, and places. This important collection presents a comprehensive survey of the current state of the field.

Army ROTC Scholarship Program

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Army ROTC Scholarship Program by :

Download or read book Army ROTC Scholarship Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A More Unbending Battle: The Harlem Hellfighters' Struggle for Freedom in Wwi and Equality at Home

Author : Peter N. Nelson
Publisher : ReadHowYouWant.com
ISBN 13 : 1458767280
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (587 download)

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Book Synopsis A More Unbending Battle: The Harlem Hellfighters' Struggle for Freedom in Wwi and Equality at Home by : Peter N. Nelson

Download or read book A More Unbending Battle: The Harlem Hellfighters' Struggle for Freedom in Wwi and Equality at Home written by Peter N. Nelson and published by ReadHowYouWant.com. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 369th Infantry Regiment was the first African American regiment mustered to fight in World War I. In a war where the vast majority of black soldiers served in the Service of Supply, unloading ships and building roads and railroads, the men of the 369th trained and fought side by side with the French at the front and ultimately spent more days in the trenches than any other American unit. They went toward in defense of a country afflicted by segregation, Jim Crow laws, lyn chings, and racial violence, but a country they believed in all the same. In A More Unbending Battle, journalist and author Peter Nelson chronicles the little-known story of the 369th. Recruited from all walks of Harlem life, the regiment fought alongside the French, since they were prohibited by Americas segregation policy from working together with white U.S. soldiers. Despite extraordinary odds, the 369th became one of the most successful and fear edregiments of the war. The Harlem Hell fighters, as their enemies named them, showed Extra ordinary valor on the battlefield, with many soldiers winning the Croix de Guerre and the Legion of Honor, and were the first Allied unit to reach the Rhine River. A riveting depiction of both social triumph and battlefield heroism, A More Unbending Battle is the thrilling story of the dauntless Harlem Hell fighters.

Forgotten Black Soldiers Who Served in White Regiments During the Civil War

Author : Juanita Patience Moss
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780788455407
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (554 download)

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Book Synopsis Forgotten Black Soldiers Who Served in White Regiments During the Civil War by : Juanita Patience Moss

Download or read book Forgotten Black Soldiers Who Served in White Regiments During the Civil War written by Juanita Patience Moss and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1998, the author learned about a new monument in Washington, D.C., created to honor the black soldiers and sailors who had served in the Civil War. What she was about to learn; however, was that her great grandfather's name would not be among those remembered there. Why not? Because he had not served in one of the segregated units whose members' names are engraved on the memorial wall. Instead, Crowder Pacien/Patience had served in a white regiment. An identifiably "Col'd" man, he had been a private in the 103rd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. After having been told that there had been no black soldiers serving in white regiments, the author made a hypothesis that if there had been one such black soldier in a white regiment, as she knew, then there might have been others. This series traces the author's journey to such proof. The hundreds of names listed here should be proof enough for the "nay-sayers" to conclude that black men indeed did serve in white regiments. Chapters in Volume II include: Difficulties with Finding Facts, C-Span Book TV Presentation, Mixed Race Regiments, Honoring Civil War Ancestors, Recruitment of Black Soldiers, General Orders No. 323 and the Undercooks, Three Undercooks Garrisoned at Plymouth, N.C., A Trip to the Carlisle Barracks, Finding the Gravesites of Black Soldiers, A Gravesite Lost in North Carolina, One Descendant's Determination, and Conclusion. Chapters are followed by lists: Additional Black Soldiers Alphabetized, Additional Black Soldiers by States, and Final Resting Places. Numerous photographs and illustrations, End Notes, Sources, and an index to full-names, subjects and places add to the value of this work. Historians and Civil War "buffs" alike will find new information revealed in this series, even though so many years have passed since the last shot of the war was fired.

African Americans in the Armed Forces

Author : Tamra B. Orr
Publisher : Greenhaven Publishing LLC
ISBN 13 : 1534568514
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis African Americans in the Armed Forces by : Tamra B. Orr

Download or read book African Americans in the Armed Forces written by Tamra B. Orr and published by Greenhaven Publishing LLC. This book was released on 2019-12-15 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Americans have fought in every major U.S. war, but even as they fought to defend their country, they also had to battle against prejudice simply because of the color of their skin. From the Buffalo Soldiers and Tuskegee Airmen of the past to today's soldiers and officers, African Americans have helped protect a country that has often failed to protect their civil rights. The bravery of these men and women is presented through detailed main text and sidebars that feature annotated quotes. Historical and contemporary images accompany the narrative and a comprehensive timeline of African American military milestones.

Making Citizen-Soldiers

Author : Michael S. Neiberg
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674041387
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Citizen-Soldiers by : Michael S. Neiberg

Download or read book Making Citizen-Soldiers written by Michael S. Neiberg and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2001-09-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the Reserve Officers Training Corps program as a distinctively American expression of the social, cultural, and political meanings of military service. Since 1950, ROTC has produced nearly two out of three American active duty officers, yet there has been no comprehensive scholarly look at civilian officer education programs in nearly forty years. While most modern military systems educate and train junior officers at insular academies like West Point, only the United States has relied heavily on the active cooperation of its civilian colleges. Michael Neiberg argues that the creation of officer education programs on civilian campuses emanates from a traditional American belief (which he traces to the colonial period) in the active participation of civilians in military affairs. Although this ideology changed shape through the twentieth century, it never disappeared. During the Cold War military buildup, ROTC came to fill two roles: it provided the military with large numbers of well-educated officers, and it provided the nation with a military comprised of citizen-soldiers. Even during the Vietnam era, officers, university administrators, and most students understood ROTC's dual role. The Vietnam War thus led to reform, not abandonment, of ROTC. Mining diverse sources, including military and university archives, Making Citizen-Soldiers provides an in-depth look at an important, but often overlooked, connection between the civilian and military spheres.

Fort Des Moines

Author : Penelope A. LeFew-Blake
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780738540689
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis Fort Des Moines by : Penelope A. LeFew-Blake

Download or read book Fort Des Moines written by Penelope A. LeFew-Blake and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Often referred to as "the West Point of the Midwest" because of its majestic red brick buildings and lush tree-lined landscape, Fort Des Moines shaped American history from its inception. Originally located at the fork of the Raccoon and Des Moines Rivers, Fort Des Moines relocated four miles south of the city and began to assume its revolutionary place in military history. By 1909, it was the largest cavalry post in the country, and Pres. William H. Taft chose it as the site of his "Great Tournament" of cavalry units. In 1917, for the first time in American history, African American officers received commissions at Fort Des Moines. Future president Ronald Reagan perfected his equestrian skills on its vast parade ground. The legacy of the cavalry lingered when, in 1942, the fort served as the first training center for the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, and many female recruits found themselves sleeping in cavalry stables converted into barracks.

Blood on German Snow

Author : Emiel W. Owens
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
ISBN 13 : 1603445315
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Blood on German Snow by : Emiel W. Owens

Download or read book Blood on German Snow written by Emiel W. Owens and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emiel Owens served his country in the 777th Field Artillery, involved in actions from Omaha Beach to the occupation army in the Philippines. Like the rest of the U.S. Army at the time, the 777th was a segregated unit. Remarkably few memoirs by African Americans have been published from the World War II era, making Owens's account especially valuable. Because he situates his military experience in the larger context of his life and the society in which he lived, his story also reveals much about the changing racial climate of the last several decades. A native Texan, Owens recounts his early experiences in a small, rural school outside Austin during the hard times of the Depression. In 1943, he was drafted into the army, landing in England in August 1944. Ten days later he was on Omaha Beach. By November 3 Owens and his unit were supporting the 30th Infantry Division as it attacked German towns and cities leading into the Ruhr Pocket and the Huertgen Forest. Owens starkly portrays the horror of the Kohlscheid Penetration. He was awarded a certificate of merit for his actions in that theater. With help from the G.I. bill, Owens returned to college and then to graduate school at Ohio State University, since universities in his home state were still closed to African Americans. He earned a Ph.D. in economics, which led to a productive academic and consulting career. This is a uniquely captivating story of an African American man's journey from a segregated Texas town to the battlefields of Europe and on to postwar success in a world changed forever by the war Americans--black and white--had fought.

The Black Officer Corps

Author : Isaac Hampton
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415531896
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis The Black Officer Corps by : Isaac Hampton

Download or read book The Black Officer Corps written by Isaac Hampton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Armed Forces started integrating its services in 1948, and with that push, more African Americans started rising through the ranks to become officers, although the number of black officers has always been much lower than African Americans' total percentage in the military. Astonishingly, the experiences of these unknown reformers have largely gone unexamined and unreported, until now. The Black Officer Corps traces segments of the African American officers' experience from 1946-1973. From generals who served in the Pentagon and Vietnam, to enlisted servicemen and officers' wives, Isaac Hampton has conducted over seventy-five oral history interviews with African American officers. Through their voices, this book illuminates what they dealt with on a day to day basis, including cultural differences, racist attitudes, unfair promotion standards, the civil rights movement, Black Power, and the experience of being in ROTC at Historically Black Colleges. Hampton provides a nuanced study of the people whose service reshaped race relations in the U.S. Armed Forces, ending with how the military attempted to control racism with the creation of the Defense Race Relations Institute of 1971. The Black Officer Corps gives us a much fuller picture of the experience of black officers, and a place to start asking further questions.

Civil Rights in Black and Brown

Author : Max Krochmal
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477323791
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil Rights in Black and Brown by : Max Krochmal

Download or read book Civil Rights in Black and Brown written by Max Krochmal and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not one but two civil rights movements flourished in mid-twentieth century Texas, and they did so in intimate conversation with one another. Far from the gaze of the national media, African American and Mexican American activists combated the twin caste systems of Jim Crow and Juan Crow. These insurgents worked chiefly within their own racial groups, yet they also looked to each other for guidance and, at times, came together in solidarity. The movements sought more than integration and access: they demanded power and justice. Civil Rights in Black and Brown draws on more than 500 oral history interviews newly collected across Texas, from the Panhandle to the Piney Woods and everywhere in between. The testimonies speak in detail to the structure of racism in small towns and huge metropolises—both the everyday grind of segregation and the haunting acts of racial violence that upheld Texas’s state-sanctioned systems of white supremacy. Through their memories of resistance and revolution, the activists reveal previously undocumented struggles for equity, as well as the links Black and Chicanx organizers forged in their efforts to achieve self-determination.

Picture Freedom

Author : Jasmine Nichole Cobb
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479817228
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Picture Freedom by : Jasmine Nichole Cobb

Download or read book Picture Freedom written by Jasmine Nichole Cobb and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2015-04-03 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Picture Freedom provides a unique and nuanced interpretation of nineteenth-century African American life and culture. Focusing on visuality, print culture, and an examination of the parlor, Cobb has fashioned a book like none other, convincingly demonstrating how whites and blacks reimagined racial identity and belonging in the early republic."--Erica Armstrong Dunbar, author of A Fragile Freedom: African American Women and Emancipation in the Antebellum City

History of the U.S. Army Cadet Command

Author : Arthur Thomas Coumbe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis History of the U.S. Army Cadet Command by : Arthur Thomas Coumbe

Download or read book History of the U.S. Army Cadet Command written by Arthur Thomas Coumbe and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed account of the U.S. Army Cadet Command activities between 1996 and 2006, telling of the Army's expectations of the ROTC program, and providing an analysis of success and challenges of recruitment within the 20th century and beyond.