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Aflatoxin Contamination Human Exposure And Opportunities In The Haitian Peanut Value Chain
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Book Synopsis Aflatoxin Contamination, Human Exposure, and Opportunities in the Haitian Peanut Value Chain by : Jeremy Russell Schwartzbord
Download or read book Aflatoxin Contamination, Human Exposure, and Opportunities in the Haitian Peanut Value Chain written by Jeremy Russell Schwartzbord and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aflatoxins (AFs) are carcinogenic, secondary metabolites of the molds Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and contaminate grains and oil seeds, particularly maize and peanuts. The risk of AF contamination exists along entire peanut and maize value chains where climate is suitable, typically among tropical and sub-tropical areas. A value chain is the complete array of activities required to produce and deliver a commodity to consumers, including intermediary processing and storage. In the Caribbean country of Haiti, capacity to prevent human exposure to toxic substances, both natural and xenobiotic, is limited. The present dissertation examined: 1) constraints to AF control among peanut farmers in Haiti; 2) contamination in maize and peanut products, as well as edible oil production as an alternative process to salvage a safe, value-added product from contaminated peanuts; and 3) human exposure to AF among urban and rural communities. My formative survey of 109 peanut farmers in the North and North East Departments underscored a constrained agronomic and socio-economic context under which farmers lacked access to credit, irrigation, pesticides, and other agricultural inputs necessary to improve production and food safety. Twentythree farmers were familiar with AFs or the fungi that produce them. AF analysis of foods sampled from 2012 to 2013 showed that samples of peanuts (3/21), peanut butter (30/32), and maize (1/30) exceeded the US Food and Drug Administration limit for AFs in human foods (20 [mu]g total AFs/kg). AF concentration was greatest in peanut butters (median of 137 [mu]g/kg and maximum of 2720 [mu]g/kg). Experiments to determine residual AFs in oil pressed from contaminated peanuts showed that 5% the AF concentration of the original kernels remained in the oil. Ethanol extraction further reduced AF concentration to 10% that of the pre-extraction oil. Among Haitians screened for AF biomarkers, detection of AF-lysine in circulating blood albumin was associated with recalled frequency of peanut consumption (p=0.0486) but not maize consumption (p=0.2032). Detection of urinary AFM1 was more significantly associated with consumption of peanuts the day prior to study participation (p
Book Synopsis Improving the evidence base on aflatoxin contamination and exposure in Africa by : Okoth, S.
Download or read book Improving the evidence base on aflatoxin contamination and exposure in Africa written by Okoth, S. and published by CTA. This book was released on 2016-12-31 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reveals that substantial knowledge is available about the aflatoxin challenge that plagues African farmers, other agri-entrepreneurs, and governments. Commissioned by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) in collaboration with the African Union Commission - Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA), this literature review reveals that a wide range of commodities that are traded nationally, regionally and internationally are contaminated by aflatoxins. African citizens and economies are negatively impacted as a result.
Download or read book Aflatoxins written by Unnevehr, Laurian and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aflatoxins are a naturally occurring carcinogenic byproduct of common fungi on grains and other crops, particularly maize and groundnuts. They pose a significant public health risk in many tropical developing countries and are also a barrier to the growth of domestic and international commercial markets for food and feed. In recent years the aflatoxin problem has garnered greatly increased attention from both policy and donor communities around the globe. What can be done to reduce the detrimental impacts of aflatoxins? Because growth of the molds that produce aflatoxins is caused by multiple factors, and because they must be controlled along the entire value chain from production to consumption, only a robust multifaceted approach to controlling aflatoxins is likely to be effective. The nineteen briefs in this set thus provide different perspectives on aflatoxin risks and solutions. The analyses fall under four broad themes: (1) what is known about the health risks from aflatoxins; (2) how to overcome market constraints to improved aflatoxin control by building new market channels and incentives; (3) what is the international policy context for taking action in developing countries; and (4) what is the state of research on new aflatoxin control technologies, including new methods for aflatoxin detection, crop breeding, biological control, food storage and handling, and postharvest mitigation. These briefs collectively provide a much clearer picture of the state of current efforts at combatting aflatoxins. They also identify what gaps loom particularly largeincluding the need for contry-specific risk analysis and for testing integrated solutions for the entire supply chainin our global efforts to effectively reduce human exposure to aflatoxins and increase the economic returns to smallholders in agriculture.
Book Synopsis Strategies to control aflatoxin in groundnut value chains by : Florkowski, Wojciech J.
Download or read book Strategies to control aflatoxin in groundnut value chains written by Florkowski, Wojciech J. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2014-09-01 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundnuts, which are widely consumed in West Africa, are prone to contamination by aflatoxin during production and storage. Although aflatoxin plays a role in many of the important health risks in developing countries, individuals and governments ignore the risks because their health effects are not immediate. In the developed world strong regulations remove contaminated kernels and their products from the food systems. The objective of this paper is to examine production and marketing practices, particularly grading methods, in Ghanas groundnut value chain to obtain a clear understanding of the sources and levels of aflatoxin contamination in the crop and how such contamination can be sharply reduced.
Book Synopsis Aflatoxin Contamination in Haitian and Kenyan Peanut Butter by : Meghan Elizabeth Filbert
Download or read book Aflatoxin Contamination in Haitian and Kenyan Peanut Butter written by Meghan Elizabeth Filbert and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aspergillus-Derived Mycotoxins In The Feed And Food Chain by : István Pócsi
Download or read book Aspergillus-Derived Mycotoxins In The Feed And Food Chain written by István Pócsi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mycotoxin Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries by : Christopher P. Wild
Download or read book Mycotoxin Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries written by Christopher P. Wild and published by IARC Working Group Report. This book was released on 2016-02-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an evaluation of measures to reduce exposure to highly toxic and carcinogenic contaminants in staple diets in Africa as well as parts of Asia and Latin America. Many of the poorest people in these regions are exposed to the pervasive natural toxins, aflatoxins and fumonisins, on a daily basis by eating their staple diet of groundnuts, maize, and other cereals. Exposure to mycotoxins at these high levels substantially increases mortality and morbidity. Aflatoxins are a cause of human liver cancer, and fatalities from acute aflatoxin poisoning outbreaks occur in Africa and Asia. The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a Working Group of world-leading experts to review the health effects of aflatoxins and fumonisins and to evaluate intervention measures. The panel concluded that these mycotoxins not only are a cause of acute poisoning and cancer but also are a likely contributor to the high levels of stunting in children in affected populations. The Working Group also identified effective measures to reduce exposure in developing countries. The panel evaluated 15 interventions, considering the strength of the evidence as well as its completeness and its transferability at an individual, community, or national level. Four of the interventions were judged to be ready for implementation: improvement of dietary diversity; crop sorting; post-harvest measures, including improved storage; and, in Latin America for maize, optimized nixtamalization. These recommendations would be relevant for investment of public, nongovernmental organization, and private funds at the scale of the subsistence farmer, the smallholder, and through to a more advanced value chain.
Book Synopsis Mycotoxins in Animal Products by : Martin Weidenbörner
Download or read book Mycotoxins in Animal Products written by Martin Weidenbörner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is one of three volumes expanding upon content found in Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs, Second Edition, and focuses on milk and milk products, and meat. Foodstuffs of plant origin that play only a minor role in mycotoxin contamination, such as asparagus, are also covered. Mycotoxins in Animal Products - Milk and Milk Products, and Meat comprises: More than 100 new publications and 300 publications in all Single chapter overview with all mycotoxins and each foodstuff that is contaminated Coverage of "co-contamination," showing the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in a foodstuff, where possible Coverage of "further contamination,“ describing further foodstuffs with their mycotoxins documented, where possible List of articles dealing with conventionally and organically produced foodstuffs and their mycotoxin contamination
Book Synopsis Aflatoxins by : Ramon G. Guevara-Gonzalez
Download or read book Aflatoxins written by Ramon G. Guevara-Gonzalez and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aflatoxins - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is a book that has been thought to present the most significant advances in these disciplines focused on the knowledge of such toxins. All authors, who supported the excellent work showed in every chapter of this book, are placed at the frontier of knowledge on this subject, thus, this book will be obligated reference to issue upon its publication. Finally, this book has been published in an attempt to present a written forum for researchers and teachers interested in the subject, having a current picture in this field of research about these interesting and intriguing toxins.
Book Synopsis Rice in Human Nutrition by : Bienvenido O. Juliano
Download or read book Rice in Human Nutrition written by Bienvenido O. Juliano and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On title page & cover: International Rice Research Institute
Book Synopsis Mycotoxin Reduction in Grain Chains by : John F. Leslie
Download or read book Mycotoxin Reduction in Grain Chains written by John F. Leslie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-29 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cereal grain safety from farm to table Mycotoxin Reduction in Grain Chains examines the ways in which food producers, inspectors, and processors can keep our food supply safe. Providing guidance on identification, eradication, and prevention at each stop on the "grain chain, this book is an invaluable resource for anyone who works with cereal grains. Discussions include breeding and crop management, chemical control, contamination prediction, and more for maize, wheat, sorghum, rice, and other major grains. Relevant and practical in the field, the lab, and on the production floor, this book features critical guidance for every point from farm to table.
Book Synopsis WHO Estimates of the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO Estimates of the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016-01-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report presents the first global and regional estimates of the burden of foodborne diseases. The large disease burden from food highlights the importance of food safety, particularly in Africa, South-East Asia and other regions. Despite the data gaps and limitations of these initial estimates, it is apparent that the global burden of foodborne diseases is considerable, and affects individuals of all ages, particularly children
Book Synopsis Rigged Rules and Double Standards by : Kevin Watkins
Download or read book Rigged Rules and Double Standards written by Kevin Watkins and published by Oxfam. This book was released on 2002 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical and detailed analysis of inequalities of world trade systems.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Food Toxicology by : Takayuki Shibamoto
Download or read book Introduction to Food Toxicology written by Takayuki Shibamoto and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of food toxicology currently has a high profile of interest in the food industry, universities, and government agencies, and is certainly of great concern to consumers. There are many books which cover selected toxins in foods (such as plant toxins, mycotoxins, pesticides, or heavy metals), but this book represents the first pedagogic treatment of the entire range of toxic compounds found naturally in foods or introduced by industrial contamination or food processing methods. Featuring coverage of areas of vital concern to consumers, such as toxicological implications of food adulteration (as seen in ethylene glycol in wines or the Spanish olive oil disaster) or pesticide residues, Introduction to Food Toxicology will be of interest to students in toxicology, environmental studies, and dietetics as well as anyone interested in food sources and public health issues. The number of students who are interested in toxicology has increased dramatically in the past several years. Issues related to toxic materials have received more and more attention from the public. The issues and potential problems are reported almost daily by the mass media, including television, newspapers, and magazines. Major misunderstandings and confusion raised by those reports are generally due to lack of basic knowledge about toxicology among consumers. This textbook provides the basic principles of food toxicology in order to help the general public better understand the real problems of toxic materials in foods. - Principles of toxicology - Toxicities of chemicals found in foods - Occurrence of natural toxins in plant and animal foodstuffs - Food contamination caused by industry - Toxic chemicals related to food processing - Food additives - Microbial toxins in foods
Download or read book Bad Bug Book written by Mark Walderhaug and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bad Bug Book 2nd Edition, released in 2012, provides current information about the major known agents that cause foodborne illness.Each chapter in this book is about a pathogen—a bacterium, virus, or parasite—or a natural toxin that can contaminate food and cause illness. The book contains scientific and technical information about the major pathogens that cause these kinds of illnesses.A separate “consumer box” in each chapter provides non-technical information, in everyday language. The boxes describe plainly what can make you sick and, more important, how to prevent it.The information provided in this handbook is abbreviated and general in nature, and is intended for practical use. It is not intended to be a comprehensive scientific or clinical reference.The Bad Bug Book is published by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Download or read book The Bad Bug Book written by FDA and published by Imp. This book was released on 2004 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bad Bug was created from the materials assembled at the FDA website of the same name. This handbook provides basic facts regarding foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins. It brings together in one place information from the Food & Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, the USDA Food Safety Inspection Service, and the National Institutes of Health.
Book Synopsis The Chicken Encyclopedia by : Gail Damerow
Download or read book The Chicken Encyclopedia written by Gail Damerow and published by Storey Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From addled to wind egg and crossed beak to zygote, the terminology of everything chicken is demystified in The Chicken Encyclopedia. Complete with breed descriptions, common medical concerns, and plenty of chicken trivia, this illustrated A-to-Z reference guide is both informative and entertaining. Covering tail types, breeding, molting, communication, and much more, Gail Damerow provides answers to all of your chicken questions and quandaries. Even seasoned chicken farmers are sure to discover new information about the multifaceted world of these fascinating birds.
