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Aerospace Testing Of Electromechanical Actuators General Guidelines For
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Book Synopsis Aerospace - Testing of Electromechanical Actuators, General Guidelines For by : A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee
Download or read book Aerospace - Testing of Electromechanical Actuators, General Guidelines For written by A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document provides an overview of the tests, and issues related to testing, that are unique to Electromechanical Actuators (EMAs). The tests, and issues documented, are not necessarily all-inclusive. This document discusses both the tests applicable to EMAs and the test methodologies to accomplish the test objectives.EMAs may be used in a wide variety of applications such as utility, secondary flight controls and primary flight controls, in a wide variety of markets including manned and unmanned civil and military aircraft, small missile fin and thrust vector control applications up to high powered utility and flight controls. EMAs may also have either a rotary or a linear output, be servo controlled or use simple open loop point-to-point or other control topologies. As such this document covers a wide range of potential applications, the application of any given test requirement is determined by the application and the user. This document attempts to provide basic guidance on which tests should be considered for various applications. This document also lists tests that are not unique to EMAs, but are still applicable to EMAs. In these instances a discussion of such tests is not contained in this document, and as applicable, the reader may reference the appropriate documents as indicated in the text.While many EMA configurations include digital power drive electronics (PDE), the specific tests required for the electronic hardware, software, or firmware are outside the scope of this document. The test methodologies applicable to Electromechanical Actuators (EMAs) require considerations unique to EMAs for certain requirements and tests, as compared to conventional hydraulic servoactuators or electrohydrostatic actuators. This ARP satisfies the need for such a document which discusses such tests specific to EMAs, and recommends test methodologies unique to EMAs.
Download or read book Aerospace written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electromechanical Actuators Specification Guide by : A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee
Download or read book Electromechanical Actuators Specification Guide written by A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides general characteristics, requirements, and design data to be recommended for inclusion in a procurement technical specification of an electromechanical actuator (EMA), including its control and monitoring. As electromechanical actuators (EMAs) are being more frequently used for safety critical aerospace applications, there is a need for a document providing comprehensive guidelines for specifying their design requirements. This document meets this need.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Electric Aircraft by : Pascal Thalin
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electric Aircraft written by Pascal Thalin and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2018-12-18 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Electric Aircraft was developed to explain what the electric aircraft stands for by offering an objective view of what can be expected from the giant strides in innovative architectures and technologies enabling aircraft electrification. Through tangible case studies, a deep insight is provided into this paradigm shift cutting across various aircraft segments – from General Aviation to Large Aircraft. Addressing design constraints and timelines foreseen to reach acceptable performance and maturity levels, Fundamentals of Electric Aircraft puts forward a general view of the progress made to date and what to expect in the years to come. Drawing from the expertise of four industry veterans, Pascal Thalin (editor), Ravi Rajamani, Jean-Charles Mare and Sven Taubert (contributors), it addresses futuristic approaches but does not depart too far from the operational down-to-earth realities of everyday business. Fundamentals of Electric Aircraft also offers analyses on how performance enhancements and fuel burn savings may bring more value for money as long as new electric technologies deliver on their promises.
Book Synopsis General Specification Guide for Mechanical Geared Rotary Actuators by : A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee
Download or read book General Specification Guide for Mechanical Geared Rotary Actuators written by A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides a guide for preparation of requirements for general design, performance, and testing of mechanical geared rotary actuators intended to be used for applications requiring motion control in response to manual or automatic power control system inputs. At Revision B, this document has been updated to include additional technical information and editorial corrections.
Book Synopsis Aerospace Test Methodology for Electrohydrostatic Actuators by : A-6B2 Electrohydrostatic Actuation Committee
Download or read book Aerospace Test Methodology for Electrohydrostatic Actuators written by A-6B2 Electrohydrostatic Actuation Committee and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document provides an overview of the tests and issues related to testing that are unique to Electrohydrostatic Actuators (EHAs). An EHA incorporates a linear or rotary hydraulic actuator and a variable speed, reversible electric servomotor driving a fixed displacement hydraulic pump for actuator control, and associated power drive electronics. The tests and issues documented are not necessarily all-inclusive. This document discusses both, the tests applicable to EHAs and the test methodologies to accomplish the test objectives.This document also lists tests that are not unique to EHAs, but are still applicable to EHAs. In these instances a discussion of such tests is not contained in this document, and as applicable, the reader may reference ARP1281 (Actuators: Aircraft Flight Controls, Power Operated, Hydraulic, General Specification For), which addresses test issues applicable to electrohydraulic flight control servoactuators.In the discussion of the tests and test methodologies contained in this document, numerical definition or specification of the test parameters to be imposed or measured is not included. These definitions or specifications should be developed to conform to the requirements of the applicable EHA technical specification document, considering the usual influencing factors such as instrumentation accuracy, test temperature, etc. The test methodologies applicable to Electrohydrostatic Actuators (EHAs) require considerations unique to EHAs for certain requirements and tests, as compared to electrohydraulic servoactuators. This ARP discusses such tests specific to EHAs, and recommends test methodologies unique to EHAs.
Book Synopsis Actuators, Linear Mechanical, General Specification Guide by : A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee
Download or read book Actuators, Linear Mechanical, General Specification Guide written by A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes design, manufacturing performance and test requirements for linear mechanical actuators intended to be used for linear motion applications in response to manual or automatic power control system inputs.It is applicable, but not confined to, ball screws, sliding contact screws, roller screws, helical splines, rack and pinion assemblies, and skewed roller actuators.It is a reference for preparing detail specifications for mechanical actuators compatible and applicable to military or commercial aircraft systems. ARP5812 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy.
Book Synopsis Actuators and Actuating Systems, Aircraft, Electromechanical, General Requirements for by :
Download or read book Actuators and Actuating Systems, Aircraft, Electromechanical, General Requirements for written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis IMPULSE TESTING OF AEROSPACE HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS, VALVES, PRESSURE CONTAINERS, AND SIMILAR FLUID SYSTEM COMPONENTS by : A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems
Download or read book IMPULSE TESTING OF AEROSPACE HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS, VALVES, PRESSURE CONTAINERS, AND SIMILAR FLUID SYSTEM COMPONENTS written by A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes the minimum requirements and procedures for impulse testing of aerospace hydraulic actuators, valves, pressure containers, and similar fluid system components, except accumulators, for use in aerospace hydraulic systems. It also refers to standard impulse test equipment, which may be used in conducting these impulse tests.
Book Synopsis Test Methodology for Electromechanical Actuators by : Jagadish Janardhan
Download or read book Test Methodology for Electromechanical Actuators written by Jagadish Janardhan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromechanical actuators are highly complex non-linear devices that cannot be accurately modeled using only analytical formulations derived from first principles. When the application demands high model accuracy with a wide parametric range (and criteria) plus the need to take manufacturing/assembly variations associated with the asbuilt actuator into account, an empirical model based on extensive testing across the entire operating domain is the recommended approach. Since testing is an expensive, time consuming and laborious process, it is the aim of this research to determine efficient test methodologies (experimental designs) that would obtain the maximum information about actuator performance by means of a minimal number of tests. Current test standards are primarily designed to arrive at the actuator specifications by carrying out tests at either a single or a very limited set of test points. The results thus obtained are typically not valid across the entire operating domain of the actuator. Also these tests are performed for a very small set (one or two) of criteria. Furthermore most of this testing is conducted in terms of just one (occasionally two) control variables. As a result the full capability of the actuator is poorly represented. The research presented here addresses these limitations. To achieve the objective, the steps followed in this research are -- a) define a set of actuator performance criteria for testing, b) construct a test bed for actuator testing, c) develop a framework for testing actuators, d) conduct tests by applying principles from Design of Experiments, e) apply statistical techniques to identify empirical models and develop efficient experimental designs, and f) graphically present the actual capabilities of the actuator using performance maps. A commercially available permanent magnet synchronous motor-geartrain combination was chosen as the test actuator. This actuator has a nominal/peak rating of 43/86 lb-ft torque and 30/100 RPM speed. The criteria considered for characterizing the actuator's operational capability includes noise, vibration, efficiency, current consumption, torque ripple, velocity ripple, backdriveability, and temperature. Control variables affecting the performance criteria were identified. Measurement of performance over the entire operating range of actuator requires that the actuator be operated at specific levels of these control variables and the concerned performance criteria be measured. Therefore to perform these actuator tests, a modular test bed was constructed. The test bed consists of an actuator loading mechanism (in the form of a magnetic particle brake or a geartrain-motor combination), an array of sensors, amplifiers, a signal conditioning unit, data acquisition modules, motion controller, and transformer. The measured sensor data is filtered through the signal conditioning unit (to remove noise) and digitized using the data acquisition modules. Statistical techniques were employed to process the sensor data and for each criterion, an empirical model relating the criteria to its control variables was determined. Model adequacy checks were carried out to ensure that the model did not violate important statistical assumptions and that it adequately represented the relationship between the input control variables and the output response (performance criteria). These models were used to generate performance maps for each criteria. Based on a predetermined set of run sizes, for each empirical model, alternate experimental designs were determined. Efficient experiment designs were identified by metrics such as -- Gefficiency, maximum prediction variance and average prediction variance. Besides the obvious advantage of arriving at complete and accurate performance profiles for the actuator undergoing tests (with minimal testing), the methodology could be applied to other actuators of a similar family. We might consider the methodology to be a subset of the general concept of metrology; i.e., the determination of as-built parameters vs. as designed parameters. Simplification techniques were applied to these models to remove unwanted model terms.
Book Synopsis Recommended Guidelines for the Specifications of Motor Control Electronics for Electrically Powered Actuators by : A-6B2 Electrohydrostatic Actuation Committee
Download or read book Recommended Guidelines for the Specifications of Motor Control Electronics for Electrically Powered Actuators written by A-6B2 Electrohydrostatic Actuation Committee and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidelines for the creation of specifications for the Motor Control Electronics (MCE) that are used for operating electrically powered actuators including: Electromechanical Actuators (EMAs) Electrohydrostatic Actuators (EHAs) Electric Back-Up Hydraulic Actuators (EBHAs) With the increasing use of Electromechanical Actuators (EMAs), Electrohydrostatic Actuators (EHAs), and Electric Back-up Hydraulic Actuators (EBHAs) in aerospace actuation applications, there is a need for guidelines for the creation of specifications for the motor control electronics that are used for operating these actuators. This document has been written to meet this need.
Book Synopsis Advanced Electromechanical Actuation System (EMAS), Flight Test by :
Download or read book Advanced Electromechanical Actuation System (EMAS), Flight Test written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EMAS flight test project successfully demonstrated, for the first time, the electrical actuation of a primary flight control surface in flight. This test was a major step toward the realization of the All-Electric Airplane (AEA) concept. An electric actuator was installed in a modified C-141A aircraft to power the left aileron. Testing included ground and flight trials to ensure unchanged control system damping. Aircraft roll performance tests included maximum effort rolls, degraded system rolls, and autopilot rolls. Sideslip and trim test points were also performed. It was verified that EMAS performance was similar to the normal hydraulic actuator. Results include lessons on aircraft modification, general system characteristics, maintenance factors, and compatibility with other aircraft systems that may influence future installations. Keywords: Electromechanical actuation system; Ailerons; Flight controls; Damping.
Book Synopsis Aerospace Actuators 2 by : Jean-Charles Maré
Download or read book Aerospace Actuators 2 written by Jean-Charles Maré and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second in a series of volumes which cover the topic of aerospace actuators following a systems-based approach. This second volume brings an original, functional and architectural vision to more electric aerospace actuators. The aspects of signal (Signal-by-Wire) and power (Power-by-Wire) are treated from the point of view of needs, their evolution throughout history, and operational solutions that are in service or in development. This volume is based on an extensive bibliography, numerous supporting examples and orders of magnitude which refer to flight controls and landing gear for various aircraft (fixed or rotorwing, launchers) in commercial, private and military applications. The topics covered in this set of books constitute a significant source of information for individuals and engineers from a variety of disciplines, seeking to learn more about aerospace actuation systems and components.
Book Synopsis Test Methods Standard; General Requirements, Suspect/Counterfeit, Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical Parts by : G-19A Test Laboratory Standards Development Committee
Download or read book Test Methods Standard; General Requirements, Suspect/Counterfeit, Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical Parts written by G-19A Test Laboratory Standards Development Committee and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) standardizes inspection and test procedures, workmanship criteria, and minimum training and certification requirements to detect Suspect/Counterfeit (SC) Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) parts. The requirements of this document apply once a decision is made to use parts with unknown chain of custody that do not have pedigree back to the original component manufacturer, or have been acquired from a broker or independent distributor, or when there are other known risk elements that result in the User/Requester to have concerns about potential SC EEE parts. The tests specified by this standard may also detect occurrences of malicious tampering, although the current version of this standard is not designed specifically for this purpose.This standard ensures consistency across the supply chain for test techniques and requirements based on assessed risk associated with the application, component, supplier, and other relevant risk factors. The requirements of this document supplement the requirements of a higher level quality standard (e.g., AS9100, AS9003, AS9120, ISO 9001) and other quality management system documents. They are not intended to stand alone, supersede, or cancel requirements found in other quality management system documents, or requirements imposed by contracting authorities.This standard should be implemented when other risk mitigation methods for avoiding the use of SC EEE parts (e.g., acquiring all parts from Authorized Sources, redesigning the system, having obsolete parts emulated, etc.) are either unavailable or inadequate. This standard mitigates the technical risk of performing insufficient inspection and test to determine suspect counterfeit EEE parts. This standard is not intended to be used to assess quality or reliability issues that may arise because of component production issues or due to mishandling, improper storage, or other attributes specific to quality or reliability.The following terminology is used throughout this document and associated AS6171 Slash Sheets: aShall = is mandatory; bShould = is recommended; and cWill = is planned (is considered to be part of a standard process).This standard should be utilized when parts are not available from sources with known traceability to the Original Component Manufacturer (OCM), Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) for electromechanical parts, or authorized manufacturer. The requirements of this document specify testing based on acceptable levels of risk for a program or customer, to identify anomalies or performance issues that may indicate suspect counterfeit and counterfeit activity. No amount of testing can confirm an item as authentic; this would require that there be a known, unbroken chain of custody to the OCM/OEM or authorized manufacturer. Therefore, organizations should attempt to obtain parts from sources that have known traceability to the OCM or authorized manufacturer to avoid receiving counterfeit parts. All intermediaries from the origin (i.e., OCM/OEM or authorized manufacturer) to the final destination should consist of Trusted Suppliers, and transportation should be provided by logistics carriers that have documented processes and procedures to avoid tampering or substitution during the journey to the parts' final destination. A preference should be given to parts with known pedigree over parts with unknown pedigree to avoid counterfeit parts. This standard does not apply to parts obtained directly from a Trustworthy Authorized Supplier with traceability to the OCM/OEM or authorized manufacturer. This standard does not have specific test methods to determine if an item is a Fraudulent Part beyond what is considered counterfeit. Test data on anomalies can be gathered for potential legal determination of fraudulent intent or negligence. This document does not make a legal determination of fraud, and appropriate legal counsel should be consulted for further action.Unless otherwise specified in the SOW or PO by the User/Requester, the information in the Appendices is not considered mandatory. This standard was created in response to a significant and increasing volume of Suspect/Counterfeit (SC) Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) parts entering the aerospace supply chain, posing significant performance, reliability, and safety risks.This standard was created to provide uniform requirements, practices and methods for testing EEE parts to mitigate the risks of receiving or using SC EEE parts.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laboratory Test Set-up to Evaluate Electromechanical Actuation System for Aircraft Flight Control by : Street A. Barnett
Download or read book Laboratory Test Set-up to Evaluate Electromechanical Actuation System for Aircraft Flight Control written by Street A. Barnett and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laboratory apparatus and data acquisition system were constructed for evaluating aircraft flight control actuators under simulated mission profiles. A MTS hydraulic load frame was used to simulate a control surface's aero load. A NI based DAQ system was used to record the motor controller's DC bus voltage at a high rate, actuator's position, load, and temperatures. The DC bus rms voltage, current, and power, and regenerative power were recorded by a Newton's 4th power analyzer. Key performance characteristics tests such as frequency response, step response, reversal, backlash, and holding with a Danahar EC5 actuator were carried out to verify this laboratory setup.The continuous frequency sweeping test revealed that the EMA reached the speed limit first, then the current limit, and finally the temperature limit. When the actuator's electronics reached the thermal limit, the actuator controller drastically reduced its power. This caused drastic magnitude attenuation and phase lagging. Continuous frequency sweeping proved to be a useful test to evaluate the EMA's characteristics. The lab tests showed that holding presents the most significant challenge to the thermal management of an EMA system. To reduce the thermal gradient within the motor, a half rotation back forth at 0.01 Hz sinusoidal disturbance was imposed during holding to evenly engage the motor's three phases. This resulted in an 81% temperature variation reduction among the three windings. Although this small motion disturbance is effective in reducing the motor and motor drive's thermal gradient, it is not known if such a disturbance is feasible in practice.The step response and reversal test showed that when an EMA reverses direction or suddenly decelerates, a significant spike of regenerative power occurred. This regenerative power could present itself as a thermal challenge to an aircraft flight control EMA system.Using the MTS hydraulic load frame to simulate a dynamic aero load of a flight control surface in synchronization with position movement of an actuator proved to be a challenge. A double loop control scheme has been derived which compensates the time delay difference between the load frame and the actuator. It is our hope that this control strategy, once fully implemented, will enable more accurate dynamic load control in simulating an EMA's mission profile for performance evaluation.
Book Synopsis IMPULSE TESTING OF HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS, VALVES, PRESSURE CONTAINERS AND SIMILAR FLUID SYSTEM COMPONENTS by : A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems
Download or read book IMPULSE TESTING OF HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS, VALVES, PRESSURE CONTAINERS AND SIMILAR FLUID SYSTEM COMPONENTS written by A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes the requirements and the procedures for impulse testing of actuators, valves and pressure containers for use in aerospace hydraulic systems. It also refers to standard impulse test equipment which may be used in conducting these impulse tests.
