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Aerobic Biodegradation Of Ethene Cis 12 Dichloroethene And Vinyl Chloride In Sediments At The Savannah River Site Sanitary Landfill
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Book Synopsis Aerobic Biodegradation of Ethene, Cis-1,2-dichloroethene and Vinyl Chloride in Sediments at the Savannah River Site Sanitary Landfill by : Michael D. Madl
Download or read book Aerobic Biodegradation of Ethene, Cis-1,2-dichloroethene and Vinyl Chloride in Sediments at the Savannah River Site Sanitary Landfill written by Michael D. Madl and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dichloroethene and Vinyl Chloride Degradation Potential in Wetland Sediments at Twin Lakes and Pen Branch, Savannah River National Laboratory, South Carolina by :
Download or read book Dichloroethene and Vinyl Chloride Degradation Potential in Wetland Sediments at Twin Lakes and Pen Branch, Savannah River National Laboratory, South Carolina written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of 14C-radiotracer-based microcosm experiments was conducted to assess the mechanisms and products of degradation of dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) in wetland sediments at the Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River National Laboratory. This project investigated the potential for biotic and abiotic DCE and VC degradation in wetland sediments from the Twin Lakes area of the C-BRP investigative unit and from the portion of Pen Branch located directly down gradient from the CMP investigative unit. Substantial degradation of [1,2-14C] DCE and [1,2-14C] VC to 14CO2 was observed in all viable sediment microcosms prepared under oxic conditions. These results indicate that microbial mineralization processes, involving direct oxidation or cometabolic oxidation, are the primary mechanisms of DCE and VC biodegradation in Twin Lake and Pen Branch sediments under oxic conditions. Substantial degradation of [1,2-14C] DCE and [1,2-14C] VC was observed in all viable sediment microcosms incubated under anoxic conditions. Production of 14CO2 was observed in all sediment microcosms under anoxic conditions. In general, the accumulation of mineralization products (14CO2 and 14CH4) was comparable to the accumulation of those reduced daughter products (14C-VC, 14C-ethene or 14C-ethane) traditionally identified with chloroethene reductive dechlorination. These results indicate that microbial mineralization processes can be an important component of DCE and VC degradation in Twin Lake and Pen Branch sediments under anoxic conditions. These results demonstrate that an evaluation of the efficiency of in situ DCE and VC biodegradation in Twin Lakes and Pen Branch that is based solely on the observed accumulation of reduced daughter products may underestimate substantially the total extent of contaminant biodegradation and, thus, the contribution of biodegradation to overall contaminant attenuation.
Book Synopsis Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Sediments Augmented with a Dehalococcoides Consortia by : P. C. McKinsey
Download or read book Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Sediments Augmented with a Dehalococcoides Consortia written by P. C. McKinsey and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the Department of Energy's (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, SC there are a number of sites contaminated with Chlorinated Ethenes (CE) due to past disposal practices. Sediments from two CE contaminated SRS locations were evaluated for trichloroethylene (TCE) biodegradation through anaerobic laboratory microcosms. The testing included addition of amendments and bioaugmentation of sediments. The anaerobic microcosms were first amended with substrates including acetate, lactate, molasses, soybean oil, methanol, sulfate, yeast extract, Regenesis HRC(R), and MEAL (methanol, ethanol, acetate, lactate mixture). Microcosms were analyzed after biostimulation for 9 months and no significant TCE biodegradation was observed. At 10 months, additional TCE, fresh amendments, and a mixed culture containing Dehalococcoides ethenogenes were added to active microcosms. A significant decrease in TCE concentrations and an increase in biodegradation products cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) were noted within 2 weeks of bioaugmentation. Microcosms amended with lactate and sulfate showed complete transformation of TCE (3 ppm) to ethene within 40 days after bioaugmentation. Microcosms amended with other substrates - soybean oil, acetate, yeast extract, and methanol - also show enhanced biodegradation of TCE to ethene. Microcosms amended with molasses and Regenesis HRC showed limited TCE transformation. No TCE transformation was seen in killed control microcosms. On the basis of these successful results, plans are underway for field-scale in-situ deployment of biostimulation/bioaugmentation at SRS.
Book Synopsis Exploring the Limits of Aerobic Vinyl Chloride and Cis-dichloroethene Biodegradation Under Suboxic Conditions by : Patrick M. Richards
Download or read book Exploring the Limits of Aerobic Vinyl Chloride and Cis-dichloroethene Biodegradation Under Suboxic Conditions written by Patrick M. Richards and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An improved understanding of VC and cis-DCE biodegradation under low oxygen conditions could increase the efficiency and sustainability of CE remediation and to expand the use of Monitored Natural Attenuation as a remedial alternative. The overall objective of the studies presented here is to better define the role of aerobic VC and cis-DCE degrading bacteria under suboxic conditions, and to provide practical guidance for expanding the role of aerobic CE biodegradation as a site remediation strategy.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms, Chemistry and Kinetics of the Anaerobic Biodegradation of Cis-dichloroethylene and Vinyl Chloride. First Annual Progress Report, September 15, 1996--September 14, 1997 by :
Download or read book Mechanisms, Chemistry and Kinetics of the Anaerobic Biodegradation of Cis-dichloroethylene and Vinyl Chloride. First Annual Progress Report, September 15, 1996--September 14, 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-year project is to study the anaerobic biological conversion of cis-1,2- dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl Chloride (VC) to ethene. The study is being conducted in three separate phases, the first to better understand the mechanisms involved in cDCE and VC biodegradation, the second to evaluate the chemistry of the processes involved, and the third, to study factors affecting reaction kinetics. Major funding is being provided by the US Department of Energy, but the DuPont Chemical Company has also agreed to directly cost-share on the project at a rate of $75,000 per year for the three year period. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) are solvents that are among the most widely occurring organic groundwater contaminants. The biological anaerobic reduction-of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) such as PCE and TCE to cDCE and VC in groundwater was reported in the early 1980s. Further reduction of PCE and its intermediates to ethene was reported in 1989. Several pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria have been found to reductively dehalogenate PCE to cDCE Rates of reduction of PCE and TCE to cDCE are high and the need for electron donor addition for the reactions is small. However, the subsequent reduction of cDCE to VC, and then of VC to the harmless end product, ethene, is much slower and only recently has a pure culture been reported that is capable of reducing cDCE to VC or VC to ethene. There are numerous. reports of such conversions in mixed cultures. The reduction of cDCE and VC to ethene is where basic research is most needed and is the subject of this study.
Book Synopsis Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation of Cis-Dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and Vinyl Chloride (VC): Steps for Reliable Remediation by :
Download or read book Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation of Cis-Dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and Vinyl Chloride (VC): Steps for Reliable Remediation written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable research has focused on the anaerobic transformation of PCE and TCE, two of the most common chlorinated solvents found in groundwater. However, relatively little is known about the types of microorganisms and specific environmental conditions associated with the dechlorination of dichloroethenes (DCEs) and vinyl chloride (VC). For the successful remediation of a contaminated site, the complete reduction to the environmentally benign products (e.g., ethene and inorganic chloride), or complete mineralization must be achieved. Recent research identified four different microbial processes that determine the fate of these compounds in groundwater. These processes include: * Anaerobic energy-yielding reductive dechlorination (chlororespiration) (Process 2) * Anaerobic energy-yielding oxidation (Process 3) * Aerobic cooxidation (Process 4) * Aerobic energy-yielding oxidation (Process 5).
Book Synopsis Laboratory Evaluation of Natural Attenuation and Enhanced Biodegradation of Trichloroethene, Cis-dichloroethene, and Vinyl Chloride Under Anaerobic Conditions by : William B. Bratt
Download or read book Laboratory Evaluation of Natural Attenuation and Enhanced Biodegradation of Trichloroethene, Cis-dichloroethene, and Vinyl Chloride Under Anaerobic Conditions written by William B. Bratt and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dichloroethene and Vinyl Chloride Degradation Potential in Wetland Sediments at Twin Lakes and Pen Branch, Savannah River National Laboratory, South Carolina by : Paul M. Bradley
Download or read book Dichloroethene and Vinyl Chloride Degradation Potential in Wetland Sediments at Twin Lakes and Pen Branch, Savannah River National Laboratory, South Carolina written by Paul M. Bradley and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Use of Ethylene and Ethane for Aerobic Cometabolic Biodegradation of Vinyl Chloride by : Steven Douglas Herz
Download or read book Use of Ethylene and Ethane for Aerobic Cometabolic Biodegradation of Vinyl Chloride written by Steven Douglas Herz and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sequential Anaerobic-Aerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene and 1,4-Dioxane by : Alexandra LaPat Polasko
Download or read book Sequential Anaerobic-Aerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene and 1,4-Dioxane written by Alexandra LaPat Polasko and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated ethenes, such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and their stabilizers, such as 1,4- dioxane, are widespread groundwater contaminants. Bioremediation can be an effective approach, but opposing redox conditions favored by chlorinated ethane-and 1,4-dioxane- degrading bacteria pose a challenge for their concurrent bioremediation. We engineered a microbial community composed of the anaerobic chlorinated ethene-degrading consortium (KB-1i ) and aerobic (Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 (CB1190)) bacterial strain, which uses 1,4-dioxane. After anaerobic incubation and TCE reduction, CB1190 + KB-1i coculture was viable and rapidly biodegraded 1,4-dioxane in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic biodegradation of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE) by CB1190 was also described. As a plume disperses downgradient, the redox conditions change from anaerobic (source zone) to aerobic (leading edge). The results from this study demonstrate that the engineered microbial community can survive redox changes and biodegrade chlorinated ethenes and 1,4-dioxane. This approach could reduce the cost, energy, and substrates required for in-situ bioremediation of contaminant mixtures.
Book Synopsis Vinyl Chloride Biodegradation by Methane-oxidizing Bacteria and Ethene-oxidizing Bacteria in the Presence of Methane and Ethene by : Meng-Chen Lee
Download or read book Vinyl Chloride Biodegradation by Methane-oxidizing Bacteria and Ethene-oxidizing Bacteria in the Presence of Methane and Ethene written by Meng-Chen Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preliminary Technology Report for Southern Sector Bioremediation by :
Download or read book Preliminary Technology Report for Southern Sector Bioremediation written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project was designed to demonstrate the potential of intrinsic bioremediation and phytoremediation in the Southern Sector of the A/M-Area at the Savannah River Site. A subsurface plume of trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) is present in the Lost Lake aquifer upgradient of the study site and is predicted to impact the area at some point in the future. The surface area along the Lost lake aquifer seep line where the plume is estimated to emerge was identified. Ten sites along the seep line were selected for biological, chemical, and contaminant treatability analyses. A survey was undertaken in this area to to quantify the microbial and plant population known to be capable of remediating TCE and PCE. The current groundwater quality upgradient and downgradient of the zone of influence was determined. No TCE or PCE was found in the soils or surface water from the area tested at this time. A TCE biodegradation treatability test was done on soil from the 10 selected locations. From an initial exposure of 25 ppm of TCE, eight of the samples biodegraded up to 99.9 percent of all the compound within 6 weeks. This biodegradation of TCE appears to be combination of aerobic and anaerobic microbial activity as intermediates that were detected in the treatability test include vinyl chloride (VC) and the dichloroethenes (DCE) 1,2-cis-dichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene. The TCE biological treatability studies were combines with microbiological and chemical analyses. The soils were found through immunological analysis with direct fluorescent antibodies (DFA) and microbiological analysis with direct fluorescent antibodies (DFA) and microbiological analysis to have a microbial population of methanotrophic bacteria that utilize the enzyme methane monooxygenase (MMO) and cometabolize TCE.
Book Synopsis Verification of Biodegradation, Delineation of Biodegradation Mechanisms, and Differentiation of Sources of Chlorinated Contaminants Using Compound Specific Isotope Analysis by : Michelle Marie Grace Chartrand
Download or read book Verification of Biodegradation, Delineation of Biodegradation Mechanisms, and Differentiation of Sources of Chlorinated Contaminants Using Compound Specific Isotope Analysis written by Michelle Marie Grace Chartrand and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this thesis was to investigate the use of compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) in contaminant hydrogeology by addressing four specific goals. First, carbon isotope (delta13C) measurements of trichlorethene (TCE), and its degradation products cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) from samples collected from a fractured bedrock field site were able to conclusively demonstrate that biodegradation was occurring, despite fluctuating concentration profiles of these compounds due to ongoing TCE dissolution and variable hydraulic gradients.Next, delta13C values were measured for aerobic cDCE and VC biodegradation. For the aerobic VC degrading microorganisms Mycobacterium sp. strains JS60, JS61 and JS614, and Nocardioides sp. strain 614, the first step in the biodegradation pathway involved a monooxygenase enzyme, which oxidized VC to chlorooxirane, and the measured enrichment factors ranged between -8.2 +/- 0.1 to --7.0 +/- 0.3 ‰. Larger fractionation was measured during aerobic cDCE biodegradation by Polaromonas sp. strain JS666 (-17.4 +/- 2.4 to --22.4 +/- 0.8 ‰). KIEs calculated from the measured enrichment factors suggests that the initial degradation step in the aerobic cDCE biodegradation pathway is not consistent with an initial attack on the carbon double bond by a monooxygenase enzyme to form an epoxide, as was observed for VC aerobic biodegradation.Third, a method was developed to measure the hydrogen isotope (delta 2H) values for chlorinated compounds. After 71 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) delta2H measurements were obtained, the reproducibility of the modified system had degraded outside of acceptable analytical uncertainty. Combined delta2H and delta13C values of 1,2-DCA demonstrated that dual parameter isotopic measurements can distinguish between different contaminant sources, and may provide additional constraints on degradation pathways and contaminant remediation.Finally, a CSIA method was developed to analyze hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers. A range of delta13C values were obtained for alpha- and gamma-HCH from both pure product standards and technical grade HCH mixtures, demonstrating that CSIA has the potential to distinguish between different HCH sources. Further, delta13C analysis of HCH isomers at a contaminated field site may provide two additional lines of evidence that biodegradation of HCH isomers was occurring.
Book Synopsis Involvement of Linear Plasmids in Aerobic Biodegradation of Vinyl Chloride by :
Download or read book Involvement of Linear Plasmids in Aerobic Biodegradation of Vinyl Chloride written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pseudomonas putida strain AJ and Ochrobactrum strain TD were isolated from hazardous waste sites based on their ability to use vinyl chloride (VC) as a sole source of carbon and energy under aerobic conditions. Strains AJ and TD also use ethene and ethylene oxide as growth substrates. Strain AJ contained a linear megaplasmid (approximately 260 kb) when grown on VC or ethene, but no circular plasmids. While growing on ethylene oxide, the size of the linear plasmid in strain AJ decreased to approximately 100 kb, although its ability to use VC as a substrate was retained. The linear plasmids in strain AJ were cured and its ability to consume VC, ethene, and ethylene oxide was lost following growth on a rich substrate (Luria-Bertani broth) through at least three transfers. Strain TD contained three linear plasmids, ranging in size from approximately 100 kb to 320 kb, when growing on VC or ethene. As with strain AJ, the linear plasmids in strain TD were cured following growth on Luria -Bertani broth and its ability to consume VC and ethene was lost. Further analysis of these linear plasmids may help reveal the pathway for VC biodegradation in strains AJ and TD and explain why this process occurs at many but not all sites where groundwater is contaminated with chloroethenes. Metabolism of VC and ethene by strains AJ and TD is initiated by an alkene monooxygenase. Their yields during growth on VC (0.15-0.20 mg total suspended solids per mg VC) are similar to the yields reported for other isolates i.e., Mycobacterium sp., Nocardioides sp., and Pseudomonas sp.
Book Synopsis Biodegradation of Chlorinated Ethenes in Mixed Waste Streams by :
Download or read book Biodegradation of Chlorinated Ethenes in Mixed Waste Streams written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes research conducted from 04/01/01 to 08/31/04 with support from the US Army Research Office DoD-EPSCoR program. The goal of the research was to study the biodegradation of chloroethenes under serial anaerobic/aerobic conditions. In the system used water flowed through a contact chamber containing chloroethenes. Contaminated water was then pumped through a sediment column. From the sediment column the water flowed into an aerated chamber. Chloroethenes concentrations were determined in samples from the contact chamber the sediment column and the aerobic chamber. We tested means for establishing anaerobiosis in the sediment column two sparging gas mixtures addition of lactate as a growth substrate control of conditions in the aerobic chamber and the presence of a hydrocarbon fuel mixture as a co-contaminant. Results indicated that a N2:H2 gas mixture stimulated POE degradation. We also found that the addition of exogenous lactic acid (2 mM) and the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons in reactor feed water resulted in 99.6% removal of PCE and 99.2% reduction in the total molar concentration of chloroethenes. In the last year of the research we established mixed microbial cultures in which vinyl chloride disappearance was concomitant with an increase in chloride concentration and biomass accumulation.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms, Chemistry, and Kinetics of Anaerobic Biodegradation of Cis-dichloroethylene and Vinyl Chloride. 1998 Annual Progress Report by :
Download or read book Mechanisms, Chemistry, and Kinetics of Anaerobic Biodegradation of Cis-dichloroethylene and Vinyl Chloride. 1998 Annual Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine the biochemical pathways for reductive dehalogenation of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), including identification of the enzymes involved, (2) determine the chemical requirements, especially the type and quantity of electron donors needed by the microorganisms for reductive dehalogenation, and (3) evaluate the kinetics of the process with respect to the concentration of both the electron donors and the electron acceptors (cDCE and VC). Progress has been made under each of the three primary objectives. One manuscript related to the first objective has been published. Manuscripts related to the other two objectives have been submitted for publication. Findings related to the three objectives are summarized.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Methanotrophic Bacteria During Injection of Gaseous Nutrients for In Situ Trichloroethylene Bioremediation in a Sanitary Landfill by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Methanotrophic Bacteria During Injection of Gaseous Nutrients for In Situ Trichloroethylene Bioremediation in a Sanitary Landfill written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methanotrophic bacterial populations were quantified in an aquifer that was amended with air (oxygen), methane, triethyl-phosphate, and nitrous oxide to evaluate their effectiveness to stimulate aerobic bioremediation of vinyl chloride (VC), dichloroethylene, and trichloroethylene (TCE). Contaminants in groundwater resulted from leachate originating from a nearby landfill. Groundwater samples were taken during gas injection and analyzed for changes in bacterial populations. The methanotrophic populations were monitored in groundwater using direct fluorescent antibodies (DFA) and the most probable number (MPN) technique. Acridine orange direct counts (AODC) were used to determine the total bacterial population. Methanotrophic populations increased significantly in groundwater during the course of gaseous nutrient injections. As methanotrophic bacteria reached a maximum population in 3-4 days, contaminant levels (TCE) decreased. Cis-dichloroethylene (c-DCE) demonstrated a transient increase in concentration during the experiment but decreased rapidly over the course of the experiment. The total number of groundwater microorganisms did not change, indicating a selective stimulation of the methanotrophic bacterial population. These bacterial data were compared to physical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, redox) and contaminant (TCE, c-DCE, VC) concentrations within the saturated and unsaturated zone to reveal the efficiency of the system. The loss of contaminants appears to be due to cometabolic biodegradation through biostimulation since loss by volatilization was accounted for and was minimal. This work clearly demonstrates that one can effectively change the subsurface bacterial population in a relatively short period of time.
