Advancement In Dietary Assessment And Self Monitoring Using Technology

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Advancement in Dietary Assessment and Self-Monitoring Using Technology

Author : Tracy Burrows
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783039280599
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Advancement in Dietary Assessment and Self-Monitoring Using Technology by : Tracy Burrows

Download or read book Advancement in Dietary Assessment and Self-Monitoring Using Technology written by Tracy Burrows and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although methods to assess or self-monitor intake may be considered similar, the intended function of each is quite distinct. For the assessment of dietary intake, methods aim to measure food and nutrient intake and/or to derive dietary patterns for determining diet-disease relationships, population surveillance or the effectiveness of interventions. In comparison, dietary self-monitoring primarily aims to create awareness of and reinforce individual eating behaviours, in addition to tracking foods consumed. Advancements in the capabilities of technologies, such as smartphones and wearable devices, have enhanced the collection, analysis and interpretation of dietary intake data in both contexts. This Special Issue invites submissions on the use of novel technology-based approaches for the assessment of food and/or nutrient intake and for self-monitoring eating behaviours. Submissions may document any part of the development and evaluation of the technology-based approaches. Examples may include: web adaption of existing dietary assessment or self-monitoring tools (e.g., food frequency questionnaires, screeners) image-based or image-assisted methods mobile/smartphone applications for capturing intake for assessment or self-monitoring wearable cameras to record dietary intake or eating behaviours body sensors to measure eating behaviours and/or dietary intake use of technology-based methods to complement aspects of traditional dietary assessment or self-monitoring, such as portion size estimation.

Handbook of Obesity

Author : George A. Bray
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0824758625
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Obesity by : George A. Bray

Download or read book Handbook of Obesity written by George A. Bray and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-12-05 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With rates of obesity soaring to epidemic proportions, this reference strives to unearth new treatment regimens and pharmaceuticals for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Offering the latest recommendations and research from the most respected leaders in the field, the Second Edition compiles the most noteworthy studies on the evaluation and

Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake.

Author : Dale A. Schoeller
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351648322
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake. by : Dale A. Schoeller

Download or read book Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake. written by Dale A. Schoeller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet is a major factor in health and disease. Controlled, long-term studies in humans are impractical, and investigators have utilized long-term epidemiological investigations to study the contributions of diet to the human condition. Such studies, while valuable, have often been limited by contradictory findings; a limitation secondary to systematic errors in traditional self-reported dietary assessment tools that limit the percentage of variances in diseases explained by diet. New approaches are available to help overcome these limitations, and Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake is focused on these advances in an effort to provide more accurate dietary data to understand human health. Chapters cover the benefits and limitations of traditional self-report tools; strategies for improving the validity of dietary recall and food recording methods; objective methods to assess food and nutrient intake; assessment of timing and meal patterns using glucose sensors; and physical activity patterns using validated accelerometers. Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake describes new avenues to investigate the role of diet in human health and serves as the most up-to-date reference and teaching tool for these methods that will improve the accuracy of dietary assessment and lay the ground work for future studies.

Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake.

Author : Dale A. Schoeller
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498749348
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake. by : Dale A. Schoeller

Download or read book Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake. written by Dale A. Schoeller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet is a major factor in health and disease. Controlled, long-term studies in humans are impractical, and investigators have utilized long-term epidemiological investigations to study the contributions of diet to the human condition. Such studies, while valuable, have often been limited by contradictory findings; a limitation secondary to systematic errors in traditional self-reported dietary assessment tools that limit the percentage of variances in diseases explained by diet. New approaches are available to help overcome these limitations, and Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake is focused on these advances in an effort to provide more accurate dietary data to understand human health. Chapters cover the benefits and limitations of traditional self-report tools; strategies for improving the validity of dietary recall and food recording methods; objective methods to assess food and nutrient intake; assessment of timing and meal patterns using glucose sensors; and physical activity patterns using validated accelerometers. Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake describes new avenues to investigate the role of diet in human health and serves as the most up-to-date reference and teaching tool for these methods that will improve the accuracy of dietary assessment and lay the ground work for future studies.

Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease

Author : Ann M. Coulston
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128029471
Total Pages : 1075 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease by : Ann M. Coulston

Download or read book Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease written by Ann M. Coulston and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 1075 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease, Fourth Edition, is a compilation of current knowledge in clinical nutrition and an overview of the rationale and science base of its application to practice in the prevention and treatment of disease. In its fourth edition, this text continues the tradition of incorporating new discoveries and methods related to this important area of research Generating and analyzing data that summarize dietary intake and its association with disease are valuable tasks in treating disease and developing disease prevention strategies. Well-founded medical nutrition therapies can minimize disease development and related complications. Providing scientifically sound, creative, and effective nutrition interventions is both challenging and rewarding. Two new chapters on metabolomics and translational research, which have come to be used in nutrition research in recent years. The new areas of study are discussed with the perspective that the application of the scientific method is by definition an evolutionary process. A new chapter on Genetics and Diabetes which reviews the latest research on causal genetic variants and biological mechanisms responsible for the disease, and explores potential interactions with environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle. Includes all major "omics" – the exposome, metabolomics, genomics, and the gut microbiome. Expands the microbiota portions to reflect complexity of diet on gut microbial ecology, metabolism and health

TECHNOLOGY FOR TOMORROW NEED FOR TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIETARY ASSESSMENT

Author : Cynthia Le Mons
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis TECHNOLOGY FOR TOMORROW NEED FOR TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIETARY ASSESSMENT by : Cynthia Le Mons

Download or read book TECHNOLOGY FOR TOMORROW NEED FOR TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIETARY ASSESSMENT written by Cynthia Le Mons and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advancements in technology in dietary assessment, specifically use of mobile phone and digital imaging of food, are promising areas in nutrition research and practice. Using mobile phones to record dietary intake and photograph food prior to consumption can be an effective method for dietary analysis, reducing reliance on self-report and recall. Research continues to focus on refining and creating new assessment methods to evaluate food intake with higher degrees of accuracy. Wearable and mobile phone technologies have seen vast advances in recent years which allows for continuous collection of biometric data, which can be integrated into nutrition assessment. This can reduce participant burden and provide more accurate, consistent data for a variety of health measures. The extensive availability and increasing use of mobile apps for nutrition-based health interventions makes evaluation of the quality of these apps crucial for integration into nutritional counseling. The purpose of this poster is to introduce the audience to current and future mobile technology used in the areas of personal care, nutrition assessment and research; increase understanding of what patients want in a mobile device and learn how to evaluate mobile devices using a validated tool and integrate mobile devices into clinical practice. There are challenges but many opportunities for use of technology in the area nutritional care, which can positively impact patient health outcomes.

Nutritional Epidemiology

Author : Walter Willett
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199754039
Total Pages : 547 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutritional Epidemiology by : Walter Willett

Download or read book Nutritional Epidemiology written by Walter Willett and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Willett's Nutritional Epidemiology has become the foundation of this field. This new edition updates existing chapters and adds new ones addressing the assessment of physical activity, the role of genetics in nutritional epidemiology, and the interface of this field with policy.

Helping People Change

Author : Frederick H. Kanfer
Publisher : Pergamon
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Helping People Change by : Frederick H. Kanfer

Download or read book Helping People Change written by Frederick H. Kanfer and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1991 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Introduction. 2. Relationship-Enhancement Methods. 3. Modeling Methods. 4. Operant Methods. 5. Fear Reduction Methods. 6. Aversion Methods. 7. Cognitive Change Methods. 8. Self-Management Methods. 9. Cognitive Behavior Modification. 10. Utilization of Community and Social Support Resources. 11. Group Methods.

Dietary assessment

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251306354
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Dietary assessment by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Dietary assessment written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FAO provides countries with technical support to conduct nutrition assessments, in particular to build the evidence base required for countries to achieve commitments made at the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) and under the 2016-2025 UN Decade of Action on Nutrition. Such concrete evidence can only derive from precise and valid measures of what people eat and drink. There is a wide range of dietary assessment methods available to measure food and nutrient intakes (expressed as energy insufficiency, diet quality and food patterns etc.) in diet and nutrition surveys, in impact surveys, and in monitoring and evaluation. Differenct indicators can be selected according to a study's objectives, sample population, costs and required precision. In low capacity settings, a number of other issues should be considered (e.g. availability of food composition tables, cultural and community specific issues, such as intra-household distribution of foods and eating from shared plates, etc.). This manual aims to signpost for the users the best way to measure food and nutrient intakes and to enhance their understanding of the key features, strengths and limitations of various methods. It also highlights a number of common methodological considerations involved in the selection process. Target audience comprises of individuals (policy-makers, programme managers, educators, health professionals including dietitians and nutritionists, field workers and researchers) involved in national surveys, programme planning and monitoring and evaluation in low capacity settings, as well as those in charge of knowledge brokering for policy-making.

The Handbook of Behavior Change

Author : Martin S. Hagger
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108750117
Total Pages : 730 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Behavior Change by : Martin S. Hagger

Download or read book The Handbook of Behavior Change written by Martin S. Hagger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have compelled governments and organizations to prioritize and mobilize efforts to develop effective, evidence-based means to promote adaptive behavior change. In recognition of this impetus, The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. It summarizes current evidence-based approaches to behavior change in chapters authored by leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, philosophy, and implementation science. It is the go-to resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers looking for current knowledge on behavior change and guidance on how to develop effective interventions to change behavior.

New Advances in Information Systems and Technologies

Author : Álvaro Rocha
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331931307X
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis New Advances in Information Systems and Technologies by : Álvaro Rocha

Download or read book New Advances in Information Systems and Technologies written by Álvaro Rocha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a selection of articles from The 2016 World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (WorldCIST'16), held between the 22nd and 24th of March at Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. WorldCIST is a global forum for researchers and practitioners to present and discuss recent results and innovations, current trends, professional experiences and challenges of modern Information Systems and Technologies research, together with their technological development and applications. The main topics covered are: Information and Knowledge Management; Organizational Models and Information Systems; Software and Systems Modeling; Software Systems, Architectures, Applications and Tools; Multimedia Systems and Applications; Computer Networks, Mobility and Pervasive Systems; Intelligent and Decision Support Systems; Big Data Analytics and Applications; Human-Computer Interaction; Health Informatics; Information Technologies in Education; Information Technologies in Radiocommunications.

Examination of Nutrition Monitoring Through Ecological Momentary Assessment During an Internet-based, Self-directed Weight Loss Intervention

Download Examination of Nutrition Monitoring Through Ecological Momentary Assessment During an Internet-based, Self-directed Weight Loss Intervention PDF Online Free

Author : Chelsey Solar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Examination of Nutrition Monitoring Through Ecological Momentary Assessment During an Internet-based, Self-directed Weight Loss Intervention by : Chelsey Solar

Download or read book Examination of Nutrition Monitoring Through Ecological Momentary Assessment During an Internet-based, Self-directed Weight Loss Intervention written by Chelsey Solar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internet and mobile health (mHealth) based interventions are promising potential options for increasing access to weight loss treatment for the general public (Payne et al., 2015). Many health-related internet and mobile phone applications are commercially available, free, and include features for nutrition self-monitoring which is a vitally important self-management strategy for weight loss. However, adherence to nutrition self-monitoring for internet and mHealth interventions is poor and research examining the mechanisms of nutrition self-monitoring behavior is limited (Lieffers & Hanning, 2012). The purpose of the present study is to improve understanding of self-monitoring behavior by examining the phenomenological experience of mobile application self-monitoring through ecological momentary assessment (EMA) during the first two weeks of an internet-based, self-directed weight loss intervention. Fifty-one participants (19.6% male, 43.1% non-white) were enrolled in a 16-week, self-directed, online weight loss intervention. Original methods included the use of two different nutrition monitoring applications; however, due to a technological failure only one application (MyFitnessPal) was utilized. Participants completed ecological momentary assessments of nutrition self-monitoring experiences during the first two weeks of the intervention and continued to use online materials and the nutrition monitoring mobile application for the remaining 14 weeks. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was utilized to examine within-subject differences in perceptions and experiences between instances of completed nutrition monitoring and instances of missed nutrition monitoring. The relationships between aggregated participant experiences during the EMA period and nutrition self-monitoring over 16 weeks as well as weight outcomes were examined using correlational analyses. Compliance for EMA event-continent responding and signaled random prompt responding was 58% and 70%, respectively. EMA responses immediately following a nutrition monitoring entry demonstrated increased participant perceptions of goal consistency, diet success, diet maintenance, less emotional eating, less monitoring burden, and greater negative affect as compared to random prompt responses related to a missed nutrition monitoring entry. Participants monitored nutrition for an average of 48.7 days and nutrition monitoring frequency was associated with EMA compliance as well as participant perceptions of goal consistency, diet success, and diet maintenance during the first 14 days. Frequency of nutrition monitoring and perceptions of diet success during EMA were associated with weight change in both completer-only analyses and intent-to-treat. The results of this study suggest that early nutrition monitoring experiences such as the perception of goal consistency and diet success are important factors for engagement in weight loss treatment. However, further research on monitoring experiences with larger and more diverse samples is needed to determine how these factors might be used to inform future assessment and intervention.

mHealth Multidisciplinary Verticals

Author : Sasan Adibi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482214806
Total Pages : 758 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis mHealth Multidisciplinary Verticals by : Sasan Adibi

Download or read book mHealth Multidisciplinary Verticals written by Sasan Adibi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-11-21 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth overview of the emerging concept; Mobile Health (mHealth), mHealth Multidisciplinary Verticals links applications and technologies to key market and vendor players. It also highlights interdependencies and synergies between various stakeholders which drive the research forces behind mHealth. The book explores the trends and directions where this vertical market is headed. Divided into nine sections, the book covers a number of multidisciplinary verticals within the field of mHealth such as: Preventive and curative medicine Consumer and patient-centric approaches Psychological, behavioral, and mental verticals Social perspectives Education, adoption, and acceptance Aged care and the aging population Regional, geographical, and public-health perspectives Technology implications Cloud applications The book collates emerging and diverse mHealth applications into a single resource. The result of extensive research, the book is a collaborative effort between experts from more than 20 countries, who have been carefully reviewed and selected by the team of reviewers. It takes a multidisciplinary approach to health informatics and provides a roadmap to current and future directions of mHealth.

The Science of Real-Time Data Capture

Author : Arthur Stone
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195178718
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Real-Time Data Capture by : Arthur Stone

Download or read book The Science of Real-Time Data Capture written by Arthur Stone and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has designated the topic of real-time data capture as an important and innovative research area. As such, the NCI sponsored a national meeting of distinguished research scientists to discuss the state of the science in this emerging and burgeoning field. This book reflects the findings of the conference and discusses the state of the science of real-time data capture and its application to health and cancer research. It provides a conceptual framework for minute-by-minute data capture- ecological momentary assessments (EMA)- and discusses health-related topics where these assessements have been applied. In addition, future directions in real-time data capture assessment, interventions, methodology, and technology are discussed.Despite the rapidly growing interest in the methodology of real-time data capture (e.g. journal special issues, widely attended conference presentations, etc.), to date no single book has focused solely on this topic. The volume will serve as an important resource for researchers, students, and government scientists interested in pursuing real-time health research, and will nicely complement our lists in epidemiology, public health, and oncology.

Diabetes Digital Health

Author : David C. Klonoff
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128174862
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Diabetes Digital Health by : David C. Klonoff

Download or read book Diabetes Digital Health written by David C. Klonoff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-04-04 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes Digital Health brings together the multifaceted information surrounding the science of digital health from an academic, regulatory, industrial, investment and cybersecurity perspective. Clinicians and researchers who are developing and evaluating mobile apps for diabetes patients will find this essential reading, as will industry people whose companies are developing mobile apps and sensors. Provides valuable information for clinicians, researchers and industry about the design and evaluation of patient-facing diabetes adherence technologies Highlights cutting-edge topics that are presented and discussed at the Digital Diabetes Congress

Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research

Author : Gørill Haugan
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030631354
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research by : Gørill Haugan

Download or read book Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research written by Gørill Haugan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook represents a vital contribution to global health education, offering insights into health promotion as part of patient care for bachelor’s and master’s students in health care (nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, radiotherapists, social care workers etc.) as well as health care professionals, and providing an overview of the field of health science and health promotion for PhD students and researchers. Written by leading experts from seven countries in Europe, America, Africa and Asia, it first discusses the theory of health promotion and vital concepts. It then presents updated evidence-based health promotion approaches in different populations (people with chronic diseases, cancer, heart failure, dementia, mental disorders, long-term ICU patients, elderly individuals, families with newborn babies, palliative care patients) and examines different health promotion approaches integrated into primary care services. This edited scientific anthology provides much-needed knowledge, translating research into guidelines for practice. Today’s medical approaches are highly developed; however, patients are human beings with a wholeness of body-mind-spirit. As such, providing high-quality and effective health care requires a holistic physical-psychological-social-spiritual model of health care is required. A great number of patients, both in hospitals and in primary health care, suffer from the lack of a holistic oriented health approach: Their condition is treated, but they feel scared, helpless and lonely. Health promotion focuses on improving people’s health in spite of illnesses. Accordingly, health care that supports/promotes patients’ health by identifying their health resources will result in better patient outcomes: shorter hospital stays, less re-hospitalization, being better able to cope at home and improved well-being, which in turn lead to lower health-care costs. This scientific anthology is the first of its kind, in that it connects health promotion with the salutogenic theory of health throughout the chapters. the authors here expand the understanding of health promotion beyond health protection and disease prevention. The book focuses on describing and explaining salutogenesis as an umbrella concept, not only as the key concept of sense of coherence.

Knowing What Students Know

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309293227
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowing What Students Know by : National Research Council

Download or read book Knowing What Students Know written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-10-27 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education is a hot topic. From the stage of presidential debates to tonight's dinner table, it is an issue that most Americans are deeply concerned about. While there are many strategies for improving the educational process, we need a way to find out what works and what doesn't work as well. Educational assessment seeks to determine just how well students are learning and is an integral part of our quest for improved education. The nation is pinning greater expectations on educational assessment than ever before. We look to these assessment tools when documenting whether students and institutions are truly meeting education goals. But we must stop and ask a crucial question: What kind of assessment is most effective? At a time when traditional testing is subject to increasing criticism, research suggests that new, exciting approaches to assessment may be on the horizon. Advances in the sciences of how people learn and how to measure such learning offer the hope of developing new kinds of assessments-assessments that help students succeed in school by making as clear as possible the nature of their accomplishments and the progress of their learning. Knowing What Students Know essentially explains how expanding knowledge in the scientific fields of human learning and educational measurement can form the foundations of an improved approach to assessment. These advances suggest ways that the targets of assessment-what students know and how well they know it-as well as the methods used to make inferences about student learning can be made more valid and instructionally useful. Principles for designing and using these new kinds of assessments are presented, and examples are used to illustrate the principles. Implications for policy, practice, and research are also explored. With the promise of a productive research-based approach to assessment of student learning, Knowing What Students Know will be important to education administrators, assessment designers, teachers and teacher educators, and education advocates.