Active Cognition

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When I'm 64

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Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309164915
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

Book Synopsis When I'm 64 by : National Research Council

Download or read book When I'm 64 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.

Active Inference

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Author : Thomas Parr
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262362287
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

Book Synopsis Active Inference by : Thomas Parr

Download or read book Active Inference written by Thomas Parr and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior—a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a “first principles” approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning.

Active Cognition

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Author : Véronique Decaix
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030353044
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

Book Synopsis Active Cognition by : Véronique Decaix

Download or read book Active Cognition written by Véronique Decaix and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited work draws on a range of contributed expertise to trace the fortune of an Aristotelian thesis over different periods in the history of philosophy. It presents eight cases of direct or indirect challenges to the Aristotelian passive account of human cognition, taking the reader from late antiquity to the 20th century. Chapters analyse the (often indirect) effect of Aristotle’s account of cognition on later periods. In his influential De anima, Aristotle describes human cognition, both sensitive and intellectual, as the reception of a form in the cognitive subject. Aristotle’s account has been commonly interpreted as fundamentally passive – the cognitive subject is a passive actor upon which a cognitive process is acted by the object. However, at least from the time of Alexander of Aphrodisias onwards, this interpretation has been challenged by authors who posit a fundamental active aspect of cognition. Readers will discover how one or more of three concerns – ontological superiority, direct realism and moral responsibility – drive the active accounts of cognition. Contributed chapters from top scholars examine how these three concerns lead thinkers to take issue with the idea that cognition is a passive process. The authors consider Jesuit accounts of cognition, Malebranche on judgment, and Wittgenstein on perception, as well as Stumpf on active cognition, among other relevant works. This book is ideally suited to scholars of philosophy, especially those with an interest in medieval epistemology, the influence of Aristotle, philosophy of mind and theories of cognition.

Mental Representation in Health and Illness

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Author : J.A. Skelton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461390745
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

Book Synopsis Mental Representation in Health and Illness by : J.A. Skelton

Download or read book Mental Representation in Health and Illness written by J.A. Skelton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do individuals conceive illness and symptoms? Do their conceptions conflict with the physician's views of their illness, and what happens if they do? This book thoroughly explores the field of disease representation, describes and discusses lay illness models in a variety of social, histo- rical and cultural contexts.

Active Living, Cognitive Functioning, and Aging

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Author : Leonard W. Poon
Publisher : Human Kinetics
ISBN 13 : 9780736057851
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (578 download)

Book Synopsis Active Living, Cognitive Functioning, and Aging by : Leonard W. Poon

Download or read book Active Living, Cognitive Functioning, and Aging written by Leonard W. Poon and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2006 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first title in a new series, this is an essential resource designed to introduce key issues and to raise consciousness among researchers, students and policy makers of the importance of an active lifestyle for the mind as a person ages.

Discovering the Brain

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Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309045290
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

Book Synopsis Discovering the Brain by : National Academy of Sciences

Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Training Cognition

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Author : Alice F. Healy
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1136724575
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (367 download)

Book Synopsis Training Cognition by : Alice F. Healy

Download or read book Training Cognition written by Alice F. Healy and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-08-21 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Training is both a teaching and a learning experience, and just about everyone has had that experience. Training involves acquiring knowledge and skills. This newly acquired training information is meant to be applicable to specific activities, tasks, and jobs. In modern times, where jobs are increasingly more complex, training workers to perform successfully is of more importance than ever. The range of contexts in which training is required includes industrial, corporate, military, artistic, and sporting, at all levels from assembly line to executive function. The required training can take place in a variety of ways and settings, including the classroom, the laboratory, the studio, the playing field, and the work environment itself. The general goal of this book is to describe the current state of research on training using cognitive psychology to build a complete empirical and theoretical picture of the training process. The book focuses on training cognition, as opposed to physical or fitness training. It attempts to show how to optimize training efficiency, durability, and generalizability. The book includes a review of relevant cognitive psychological literature, a summary of recent laboratory experiments, a presentation of original theoretical ideas, and a discussion of possible applications to real-world training settings.

Learning and Decision-Making in Active Cognition

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Author : Sheeraz Ahmad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (933 download)

Book Synopsis Learning and Decision-Making in Active Cognition by : Sheeraz Ahmad

Download or read book Learning and Decision-Making in Active Cognition written by Sheeraz Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learning and decision making is one of the universal cornerstones of human and animal life. There are several situations where these processes are passive or secondary, but there are several others where the individual can actively control where to gain information to learn more effectively. For example, selecting which restaurant to visit next with the aim of finding out a consistently good dining option. Even though there have been some efforts to model problems in active cognition, a large class of such models is algorithmic, and only concerns itself with how such behavior may be replicated, but not how and why the algorithm actually comes about. This leads to a dearth of computational models that can explain the behavior in a principled manner starting from basic, justifiable assumptions. Employing tools such as hierarchical Bayesian modeling and stochastic control, this dissertation proposes novel models for several problems in cognition with the goals of enriching our understanding of how the brain might tackle such problems, as well as to provide useful guidelines for building artificial agents that could rival human performance on such problems. More specifically, we investigate three related problems and propose Bayesian models for each of these. Active sensing problem, which deals with optimally allocating sensory resources in a given sensing task. Competitive foraging problem, which deals with understanding foraging in an uncertain environment and in the presence of competing agents who affect each other's reward. And lastly, multi-attribute decision-making problem, which deals with understanding how humans make choices between multi-attribute alternatives and how such a choice mechanism could lead to the well-studied contextual effects.

Performance and Cognition

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Author : Bruce McConachie
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135989478
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

Book Synopsis Performance and Cognition by : Bruce McConachie

Download or read book Performance and Cognition written by Bruce McConachie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book invites theatre and performance scholars to incorporate many of the insights of cognitive science into their work and to begin considering all of their research projects from the perspective of cognitive studies. As well as including a comprehensive introduction to the challenges of cognitive studies for theatre and performance scholarship, the volume features essays in all of the major areas of theatre and performance. Several of the contributions use cognitive studies to challenge some of the key scholarly and practical orientations in theatre and performance studies. The experimentally based insights of cognitive science are shown to be at odds with Saussurean semiotics, psychoanalysis, and aspects of deconstruction, new historicism, and Foucauldian discourse theory. Performance and Cognition opens up fresh perspectives on theatre studies – with applications for dramatic criticism, performance analysis, acting practice, audience response, theatre history, and other important areas –and sets the agenda for future work, helping to map the emergence of this new approach.

Experienced Cognition

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Author : Richard A. Carlson
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135693099
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

Book Synopsis Experienced Cognition by : Richard A. Carlson

Download or read book Experienced Cognition written by Richard A. Carlson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a theoretical framework for understanding consciousness and learning. Drawing on work in cognitive psychology and philosophy, this framework begins with the observation that to be conscious is literally to have a point of view. From this starting point, the book develops a descriptive scheme that allows perceptual, symbolic, and emotional awareness to be discussed in common theoretical terms, compatible with a computational view of the mind. A central theme is our experience of ourselves as agents, consciously controlling activities situated in environments. In contrast to previous theories of consciousness, the experienced cognition framework emphasizes the changes in conscious control as individuals acquire skills. The book is divided into four parts. The first introduces the central themes and places them in the context of information-processing theory and empirical research on cognitive skill. The second develops the theoretical framework, emphasizing the unity of perceptual, symbolic, and emotional awareness and the relation of conscious to nonconscious processes. The third applies the experienced cognition framework to a variety of topics in cognitive psychology, including working memory, problem solving, and reasoning. It also includes discussions of everyday action, skill, and expertise, focusing on changes in conscious control with increasing fluency. The last concludes the book by evaluating the recent debate on the "cognitive unconscious" and implicit cognition from the perspective of experienced cognition, and considering the prospects for a cognitive psychology focused on persons. This book addresses many of the issues raised in philosophical treatments of consciousness from the point of view of empirical cognitive psychology. For example, the structure of conscious mental states is addressed by considering how to describe them in terms of variables suitable for information-processing theory. Understanding conscious states in this way also provides a basis for developing empirical hypotheses, for example, about the relation of emotion and cognition, about the apparent "mindlessness" of skilled activity, and about the nature and role of goals in guiding activity. Criticisms of the computational view of mind are addressed by showing that the role of first-person perspectives in cognition can be described and investigated in theoretical terms compatible with a broadly-conceived information-processing theory of cognition.

The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition

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Author : Albert Newen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191054364
Total Pages : 952 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition by : Albert Newen

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition written by Albert Newen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 4E cognition (embodied, embedded, enactive, and extended) is a relatively young and thriving field of interdisciplinary research. It assumes that cognition is shaped and structured by dynamic interactions between the brain, body, and both the physical and social environments. With essays from leading scholars and researchers, The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition investigates this recent paradigm. It addresses the central issues of embodied cognition by focusing on recent trends, such as Bayesian inference and predictive coding, and presenting new insights, such as the development of false belief understanding. The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition also introduces new theoretical paradigms for understanding emotion and conceptualizing the interactions between cognition, language, and culture. With an entire section dedicated to the application of 4E cognition in disciplines such as psychiatry and robotics, and critical notes aimed at stimulating discussion, this Oxford handbook is the definitive guide to 4E cognition. Aimed at neuroscientists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and philosophers, The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition will be essential reading for anyone with an interest in this young and thriving field.

Active Learning from Infancy to Childhood

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Author : Megan M. Saylor
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319771825
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

Book Synopsis Active Learning from Infancy to Childhood by : Megan M. Saylor

Download or read book Active Learning from Infancy to Childhood written by Megan M. Saylor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new findings on the role of active learning in infants’ and young children’s cognitive and linguistic development. Chapters discuss evidence-based models, identify possible neurological mechanisms supporting active learning, pinpoint children’s early understanding of learning, and trace children’s recognition of their own learning. Chapters also address how children shape their lexicon, covering a range of active learning practices including interactions with parents, teachers, and peers; curiosity and exploration during play; seeking information from other people and their surroundings; and asking questions. In addition, processes of selective learning are discussed, from learning new words and trusting others in acquiring information to weighing evidence and accepting ambiguity. Topics featured in this book include: Infants’ active role in language learning. The process of active word learning. Understanding when and how explanation promotes exploration. How conversations with parents can affect children’s word associations. Evidence evaluation for active learning and teaching in early childhood. Bilingual children and their role as language brokers for their parents. Active Learning from Infancy to Childhood is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians and related professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology, psycholinguistics, educational psychology, and early childhood education.

Theatre/Ecology/Cognition

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Author : T. Paavolainen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137277920
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (372 download)

Book Synopsis Theatre/Ecology/Cognition by : T. Paavolainen

Download or read book Theatre/Ecology/Cognition written by T. Paavolainen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is performer-object interaction enacted and perceived in the theatre? How thereby are varieties of 'meaning' also enacted and perceived? Using cognitive theory and ecological ontology, Paavolainen investigates how the interplay of actors and objects affords a degree of enjoyment and understanding, whether or not the viewer speaks the language.

Analyses Concerning Passive and Active Synthesis

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Author : Edmund Husserl
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401008469
Total Pages : 725 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

Book Synopsis Analyses Concerning Passive and Active Synthesis by : Edmund Husserl

Download or read book Analyses Concerning Passive and Active Synthesis written by Edmund Husserl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coming from what is arguably the most productive period of Husserl's life, this volume offers the reader a first translation into English of Husserl's renowned lectures on `passive synthesis', given between 1920 and 1926. These lectures are the first extensive application of Husserl's newly developed genetic phenomenology to perceptual experience and to the way in which it is connected to judgments and cognition. They include an historical reflection on the crisis of contemporary thought and human spirit, provide an archaeology of experience by questioning back into sedimented layers of meaning, and sketch the genealogy of judgment in `active synthesis'. Drawing upon everyday events and personal experiences, the Analyses are marked by a patient attention to the subtle emergence of sense in our lives. By advancing a phenomenology of association that treats such phenomena as bodily kinaesthesis, temporal genesis, habit, affection, attention, motivation, and the unconscious, Husserl explores the cognitive dimensions of the body in its affectively significant surroundings. An elaboration of these diverse modes of evidence and their modalizations (transcendental aesthetic), allows Husserl to trace the origin of truth up to judicative achievements (transcendental logic). Joined by several of Husserl's essays on static and genetic method, the Analyses afford a richness of description unequalled by the majority of Husserl's works available to English readers. Students of phenomenology and of Husserl's thought will find this an indispensable work.

International Handbook of Metacognition and Learning Technologies

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Author : Roger Azevedo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441955461
Total Pages : 746 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

Book Synopsis International Handbook of Metacognition and Learning Technologies by : Roger Azevedo

Download or read book International Handbook of Metacognition and Learning Technologies written by Roger Azevedo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education in today's technologically advanced environments makes complex cognitive demands on students pre-learning, during, and post-learning. Not surprisingly, these analytical learning processes--metacognitive processes--have become an important focus of study as new learning technologies are assessed for effectiveness in this area.Rich in theoretical models and empirical data, the International Handbook of Metacognition and Learning Technologies synthesizes current research on this critical topic. This interdisciplinary reference delves deeply into component processes of self-regulated learning (SRL), examining theories and models of metacognition, empirical issues in the study of SRL, and the expanding role of educational technologies in helping students learn. Innovations in multimedia, hypermedia, microworlds, and other platforms are detailed across the domains, so that readers in diverse fields can evaluate the theories, data collection methods, and conclusions. And for the frontline instructor, contributors offer proven strategies for using technologies to benefit students at all levels. For each technology covered, the Handbook: Explains how the technology fosters students' metacognitive or self-regulated learning.Identifies features designed to study or support metacognitve/SRL behaviors.Reviews how its specific theory or model addresses learners' metacognitive/SRL processes.Provides detailed findings on its effectiveness toward learning.Discusses its implications for the design of metacognitive tools.Examines any theoretical, instructional, or other challenges.These leading-edge perspectives make the International Handbook of Metacognition and Learning Technologies a resource of great interest to professionals and researchers in science and math education, classroom teachers, human resource researchers, and industrial and other instructors.

Cognition

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Author : Thomas A. Farmer
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119657520
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

Book Synopsis Cognition by : Thomas A. Farmer

Download or read book Cognition written by Thomas A. Farmer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Margaret Matlin and new co-author Thomas Farmer's book demonstrates how cognitive processes are relevant to everyday, real-world experiences, and frequently examines how cognition can be applied to other disciplines such as clinical psychology, social psychology, consumer psychology, education, communication, business, medicine, and law.

Comparative Cognition

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Author : Mary C. Olmstead
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107011167
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

Book Synopsis Comparative Cognition by : Mary C. Olmstead

Download or read book Comparative Cognition written by Mary C. Olmstead and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-15 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces cognitive processes and animal behaviour across species, integrating classic studies and contemporary research in psychology, biology and neuroscience.