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Download or read book Acid-base Equilibria in Non-aqueous Solvents written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Joseph Anthony Caruso
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Acid-base Equilibria in Nonaqueous Solvents written by Joseph Anthony Caruso and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Joan Ann Wood
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (224 download)
Download or read book A Spectral Study of Acid Base Equilibria in Non-aqueous Solvents written by Joan Ann Wood and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Y. Mido
Publisher : Discovery Publishing House
ISBN 13 : 9788171413317
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Chemistry in Aqueous and Non-aqueous Solvents written by Y. Mido and published by Discovery Publishing House. This book was released on 2001 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Aqueous Solution Chemistry, Acids and Bases, Solute-Solvent Interactions, Chemistry in Protonic Solvents Liquid Ammonia, Liquid Hydrogen, Fluoride, Sulphuric, Acid, Liquid, Hydrogen, Cyanide, Acetic Acid and Liquid Hydrogen Sulphide, Non- Protonic Solvents Liquid Dinitrogen Tetroxide, Liquid Sulphur, Dioxide and Liquid Halides.
Author : Brian G. Cox
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191649341
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)
Download or read book Acids and Bases written by Brian G. Cox and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acids and bases are ubiquitous in chemistry. Our understanding of them, however, is dominated by their behaviour in water. Transfer to non-aqueous solvents leads to profound changes in acid-base strengths and to the rates and equilibria of many processes: for example, synthetic reactions involving acids, bases and nucleophiles; isolation of pharmaceutical actives through salt formation; formation of zwitter- ions in amino acids; and chromatographic separation of substrates. This book seeks to enhance our understanding of acids and bases by reviewing and analysing their behaviour in non-aqueous solvents. The behaviour is related where possible to that in water, but correlations and contrasts between solvents are also presented. Fundamental background material is provided in the initial chapters: quantitative aspects of acid-base equilibria, including definitions and relationships between solution pH and species distribution; the influence of molecular structure on acid strengths; and acidity in aqueous solution. Solvent properties are reviewed, along with the magnitude of the interaction energies of solvent molecules with (especially) ions; the ability of solvents to participate in hydrogen bonding and to accept or donate electron pairs is seen to be crucial. Experimental methods for determining dissociation constants are described in detail. In the remaining chapters, dissociation constants of a wide range of acids in three distinct classes of solvents are discussed: protic solvents, such as alcohols, which are strong hydrogen-bond donors; basic, polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethylformamide; and low-basicity and low polarity solvents, such as acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran. Dissociation constants of individual acids vary over more than 20 orders of magnitude among the solvents, and there is a strong differentiation between the response of neutral and charged acids to solvent change. Ion-pairing and hydrogen-bonding equilibria, such as between phenol and phenoxide ions, play an increasingly important role as the solvent polarity decreases, and their influence on acid-base equilibria and salt formation is described.
Author : J.J. Lagowski
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323153321
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents VB written by J.J. Lagowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents, Volume V: Acidic and Aprotic Solvents, Part B covers the theoretical aspects of individual solvents in nonaqueous solution chemistry. This volume is divided into five chapters. The first two chapters discuss the purification, structure, physical properties, electrochemistry, solubilities, and reactions of specific solvents, including trifluoroacetic and halosulfuric acids. Chapter 3 deals briefly with the preparations and properties of the interhalogens, principally in the liquid state. This chapter emphasizes their uses as nonaqueous solvents, especially through extensive study of their acid-base reactions. Spectroscopic data and their contribution to the understanding of their solution chemistries are also considered. Chapter 4 surveys the autoionization, purification methods, solubilities, solvolytic reactions, conductivity, conductometric, potentiometric, spectrophotometric, and visual titrations, as well as the isolation of solid complexes in inorganic halides and oxyhalides. Chapter 5 describes the solubility, reactivity, and spectroscopic data of molten salts. This book is of value to analytical chemists, and analytical chemistry teachers and students.
Author : Fritz Scholz
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030171809
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Chemical Equilibria in Analytical Chemistry written by Fritz Scholz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a modern and easy-to-understand introduction to the chemical equilibria in solutions. It focuses on aqueous solutions, but also addresses non-aqueous solutions, covering acid–base, complex, precipitation and redox equilibria. The theory behind these and the resulting knowledge for experimental work build the foundations of analytical chemistry. They are also of essential importance for all solution reactions in environmental chemistry, biochemistry and geochemistry as well as pharmaceutics and medicine. Each chapter and section highlights the main aspects, providing examples in separate boxes. Questions and answers are included to facilitate understanding, while the numerous literature references allow students to easily expand their studies.
Author : Martin Kilpatrick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Acid-Base Equilibria in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Solutions written by Martin Kilpatrick and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For uncharged proton acids in basic solvents of not too low dielectric constant the reaction Ax+S?SH++Bx-.(1) takes place, the extent of the reaction depending on the strength of the acid Ax relative to the basic strength of the solvent S. The equilibrium constant for this reaction KAxS=CSH+CS.CB-CAx.(2) is usually expressed as the more commonly used dissociation constant Kc which includes the concentration of the solvent. KAxS.CS=CSH+CB-CAx=Kc(3) The constant Kc varies with ion concentration, and in the limited range of concentration where the Debye-Hückel theory applies the following equation may be used to determine the thermodynamic equilibrium constant [Kc]°logKc=log[Kc]o+A?.(4) where A2=0.434?2(DkT)3/2.?N1000 The values for A at 25 C. are: for water (dielectric constant D=78.54) 1.020, for methyl alcohol (D=31.5) 4.02, for ethyl alcohol (D=24.2) 5.97, and for butyl alcohol (D=17.4) 9.79. For more concentrated solutions no theoretical equation can be given, but Table I shows that the change in the equilibrium constant is of considerable magnitude.
Author : Ludwig Frederick Audrieth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Non-aqueous Solvents written by Ludwig Frederick Audrieth and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Agnes Kütt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789949118533
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)
Download or read book Studies of acid-base equilibria in non-aqueous media written by Agnes Kütt and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James Sherwood Fritz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Acid-base Titrations in Nonaqueous Solvents written by James Sherwood Fritz and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J.J. Lagowski
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323156312
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents VA written by J.J. Lagowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents, Volume V-A: Principles and Basic Solvents provides the theoretical aspects of nonaqueous solution chemistry independent of solvent and information on individual solvent systems. This volume contains chapters on solvation and complex formation in protic and aprotic solvents; solvent basicity; ion-selective electrodes in nonaqueous solvents; nonaqueous solvents in organic electroanalytical chemistry; and anhydrous hydrazine and water-hydrazine mixtures. Chemists, researchers, and students of chemistry and chemical engineering will find the book a good reference material.
Author : B. Trémillon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401021236
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Chemistry in Non-Aqueous Solvents written by B. Trémillon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arising no doubt from its pre-eminence as a natural liquid, water has always been considered by chemists as the original solvent in which very varied chemical reactions can take place, both for preparational and for analytical purposes. This explains the very long-standing interest shown in the study of aqueous solutions. In this con nection, it must be stressed that the theory of Arrhenius and Ostwald (1887-1894) on electrolytic dissociation, was originally devised solely for solutions in water and that the first true concept of acidity resulting from this is linked to the use of this solvent. The more recent development of numerous physico-chemical measurement methods has made possible an increase of knowledge in this area up to an extremely advanced degree of systematization. Thus today we have available both a very large amount of experimental data, together with very refined methods of deduction and of quantitative treatment of chemical reactions in solution which enable us to make the fullest use of this data. Nevertheless, . it appears quite evident at present that there are numerous chemical processes which cannot take place in water, and that its use as a solvent imposes 2 INTRODUCTION limitations. In order to overcome these limitations, it was natural that interest should be attracted to solvents other than water and that the new possibilities thus opened up should be explored.
Author : J.J. Lagowski
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323151035
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents III written by J.J. Lagowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents, Volume III: Inert, Aprotic, and Acidic Solvents is a compilation of critical surveys of specific solvent systems. The compendium contains discussions on the solution chemistry of sulfur dioxide and acyl halides; the solvent properties of hydrogen sulfide and carboxylic acids; and the Bronsted acid-base behavior in inert organic solvents. Chemists, researchers, and students of chemistry and chemical engineering will find the book a good reference material.
Author : J J Lagowski
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323139388
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents V4 written by J J Lagowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents, Volume IV: Solution Phenomena and Aprotic Solvents focuses on the chemistry of nonaqueous solvents, with emphasis on solution phenomena and aprotic solvents such as tetramethylurea, inorganic acid chlorides, cyclic carbonates, and sulfolane. This book is organized into seven chapters and begins with an overview of the theory of electrical conductivity and elementary experimental considerations, along with some of the interesting research on nonaqueous solvents. It then turns to a discussion on hydrogen bonding phenomena in nonaqueous systems as probed by four spectroscopic techniques; the different methods used in studying redox systems in nonaqueous solvents such as potentiometry and steady state diffusion methods; and the use of tetramethylurea as a nonaqueous medium for chemical reactions and chemical investigations. The reader is also introduced to inorganic acid chlorides of high dielectric constant, with special reference to antimony trichloride, and preparation methods for cyclic carbonates including vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate. The book concludes with a chapter on sulfolane, focusing on its preparation and purification, physical properties, and toxicology. This book will be of interest to chemists who want to know more about nonaqueous solvents.
Author : Andrzej Olszowski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (83 download)
Download or read book Spectral Investigations of 3,6-bis-dimethylaminoacridine Solutions in Non-aqueous Solvents written by Andrzej Olszowski and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. J. Lagowski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of Non-aqueous Solvents written by J. J. Lagowski and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
