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Abrupt Climate Change At The End Of The Last Great Ice Age And Its Subsequent Impact On Civilizations
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Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change at the End of the Last Great Ice Age and Its Subsequent Impact on Civilizations by : Jason Touchette
Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change at the End of the Last Great Ice Age and Its Subsequent Impact on Civilizations written by Jason Touchette and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change by : National Research Council
Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-23 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The climate record for the past 100,000 years clearly indicates that the climate system has undergone periodic-and often extreme-shifts, sometimes in as little as a decade or less. The causes of abrupt climate changes have not been clearly established, but the triggering of events is likely to be the result of multiple natural processes. Abrupt climate changes of the magnitude seen in the past would have far-reaching implications for human society and ecosystems, including major impacts on energy consumption and water supply demands. Could such a change happen again? Are human activities exacerbating the likelihood of abrupt climate change? What are the potential societal consequences of such a change? Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises looks at the current scientific evidence and theoretical understanding to describe what is currently known about abrupt climate change, including patterns and magnitudes, mechanisms, and probability of occurrence. It identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning the potential for future abrupt changes, including those aspects of change most important to society and economies, and outlines a research strategy to close those gaps. Based on the best and most current research available, this book surveys the history of climate change and makes a series of specific recommendations for the future.
Book Synopsis The Great Ice Age by : R. C. L. Wilson
Download or read book The Great Ice Age written by R. C. L. Wilson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Great Ice Age documents and explains the natural climatic and palaeoecologic changes that have occurred during the past 2.6 million years, outlining the emergence and global impact of our species during this period. Exploring a wide range of records of climate change, the authors demonstrate the interconnectivity of the components of the Earths climate system, show how the evidence for such change is obtained, and explain some of the problems in collecting and dating proxy climate data. One of the most dramatic aspects of humanity's rise is that it coincided with the beginnings of major environmental changes and a mass extinction that has the pace, and maybe magnitude, of those in the far-off past that stemmed from climate, geological and occasionally extraterrestrial events. This book reveals that anthropogenic effects on the world are not merely modern matters but date back perhaps a million years or more.
Download or read book The Great Ice Age written by J.A. Chapman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-21 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Great Ice Age documents and explains the natural climatic and palaeoecologic changes that have occurred during the past 2.6 million years, outlining the emergence and global impact of our species during this period. Exploring a wide range of records of climate change, the authors demonstrate the interconnectivity of the components of the Earths climate system, show how the evidence for such change is obtained, and explain some of the problems in collecting and dating proxy climate data. One of the most dramatic aspects of humanity's rise is that it coincided with the beginnings of major environmental changes and a mass extinction that has the pace, and maybe magnitude, of those in the far-off past that stemmed from climate, geological and occasionally extraterrestrial events. This book reveals that anthropogenic effects on the world are not merely modern matters but date back perhaps a million years or more.
Book Synopsis Climate Change and the Emergence of Civilization by : Carl Grant Looney
Download or read book Climate Change and the Emergence of Civilization written by Carl Grant Looney and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ice Ages and Interglacials by : Donald Rapp
Download or read book Ice Ages and Interglacials written by Donald Rapp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-22 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the history and gives an analysis of extreme climate change on Earth. In order to provide a long-term perspective, the first chapter briefly reviews some of the wild gyrations that occurred in the Earth’s climate hundreds of millions of years ago: snowball Earth and hothouse Earth. Coming closer to modern times, the effects of continental drift, particularly the closing of the Isthmus of Panama are believed to have contributed to the advent of ice ages in the past three million years. This first chapter sets the stage for a discussion of ice ages in the geological recent past (i.e. within the last three million years, with an emphasis on the last few hundred thousand years). The second chapter discusses geological evidence for ice ages – how geologists surmised their existence prior to actual subsurface data that proved the theory. The following two chapters look at ice cores (primarily from Greenland and Antarctica). Chapter 3 discusses how ice core data is processed and Chapter 4 summarizes data obtained from ice cores. Chapter 5 discusses the processing of data obtained from ocean sediments, and summarizes the results, while the following chapter discusses data from other sources, such as "Devil’s Cave." Chapter 7 summarizes the experimental results from Chapters 4, 5, and 6. It provides the foundation for comparison with theories in later chapters. In a perfect world, this data would be totally separate and disconnected from theory. Unfortunately, as the author shows, dating of much of the data was accomplished by "tuning" to the astronomical theory, which introduces circular reasoning. Chapter 8 provides a brief overview of the various theories that have been devised to "explain" the patterns of alternating ice ages and interglacials that have occurred over the past three million years. This serves as an introduction to the following three chapters which presents the astronomical theory in its various manifestations, compare the astronomical theory with data, and then compare other theories with data. Finally, Chapter 12 summarizes what we think we know about ice ages and, more importantly, what we don’t know.
Download or read book The Ice Age written by Jürgen Ehlers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-19 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nothing new from the Ice Age? Far from it! Barely ten years have passed since the first edition of this book was published, but in that time researchers around the world have developed new methods and published their findings in scientific journals. Consequently, ideas about the course of the Ice Age have changed dramatically. The sequence of the individual ice advances, the direction of ice movement and the direction of meltwater drainage are only partially known, but they can be reconstructed. This book offers in-depth information about the state of the investigations. Ice ages are the periods of the earth's history in which at least one polar region is glaciated or covered by sea ice. Thus, we are currently living in an Ice Age. The present Ice Age is also the period in which humans started to intervene in the shaping of the earth. The results are obvious. Aerial and satellite images can be used to trace the melting of glaciers, but also the decay of the Arctic permafrost, and the clearing of the Brazilian rainforest. This book is a translation of the original German 2nd edition Das Eiszeitalter by Juergen Ehlers, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and promotes technologies to support the authors.
Book Synopsis The End of the Long Summer by : Dianne Dumanoski
Download or read book The End of the Long Summer written by Dianne Dumanoski and published by Crown. This book was released on 2010-07-13 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past twelve thousand years, Earth’s stable climate has allowed human civilization to flourish. But this long benign summer is an anomaly in the Earth’s history and one that is rapidly coming to a close. The radical experiment of our modern industrial civilization is now disrupting our planet’s very metabolism; our future hinges in large part on how Earth responds. Climate change is already bearing down, hitting harder and faster than expected. The greatest danger is not extreme yet discrete weather events, such as Hurricane Katrina or the calamitous wildfires that now plague California, but profound and systemic disruptions on a global scale. Contrary to the pervasive belief that climate change will be a gradual escalator ride into balmier temperatures, the Earth’s climate system has a history of radical shifts–dramatic shocks that could lead to the collapse of social and economic systems. The question is no longer simply how can we stop climate change, but how can we as a civilization survive it. The guiding values of modern culture have become dangerously obsolete in this new era. Yet as renowned environmental journalist Dianne Dumanoski shows, little has been done to avert the crisis or to prepare human societies for a time of growing instability. In a work of astonishing scope, Dumanoski deftly weaves history, science, and culture to show how the fundamental doctrines of modern society have impeded our ability to respond to this crisis and have fostered an economic globalization that is only increasing our vulnerability at this critical time. She exposes the fallacy of banking on a last-minute technological fix as well as the perilous trap of believing that humans can succeed in the quest to control nature. Only by restructuring our global civilization based on the principles that have allowed Earth’s life and our ancestors to survive catastrophe——diversity, redundancy, a degree of self-sufficiency, social solidarity, and an aversion to excessive integration——can we restore the flexibility needed to weather the trials ahead. In this powerful and prescient book, Dumanoski moves beyond now-ubiquitous environmental buzzwords about green industries and clean energy to provide a new cultural map through this dangerous passage. Though the message is grave, it is not without hope. Lucid, eloquent, and urgent, The End of the Long Summer deserves a place alongside transformative works such as Silent Spring and The Fate of the Earth.
Book Synopsis The Two-mile Time Machine by : Albert Einstein
Download or read book The Two-mile Time Machine written by Albert Einstein and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Richard Alley tells the history of global climate changes as revealed by reading the annual rings of ice from cores drilled in Greenland. In the 1990s he and his colleagues made headlines with the discovery that the last ice age came to an abrupt end over a period of only three years
Book Synopsis The Ice Chronicles by : Paul Andrew Mayewski
Download or read book The Ice Chronicles written by Paul Andrew Mayewski and published by UPNE. This book was released on 2002 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exciting account of revolutionary new discoveries for understanding the earth's climate, and their implications for future scientific research and global environmental policy.
Book Synopsis History at the End of the World by : Mark Levene
Download or read book History at the End of the World written by Mark Levene and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2010 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors of this collection of essays propose that climate change means serious peril. The approaches begin from archaeology, literature, religion, psychology, sociology, philosophy of science, engineering and sustainable development, as well as 'straight' history. Our argument, however, is not about the science per se. It is about us, our deep and more recent history, and how we arrived at this calamitous impasse. With contributions from academic activists and independent researchers, History at the End of the World challenges advocates of 'business as usual' to think again. But in its wide-ranging assessment of how we transcend the current crisis, it also proposes that the human past could be our most powerful resource in the struggle for survival.
Book Synopsis Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change by : National Research Council
Download or read book Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-12-31 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate is changing, forced out of the range of the past million years by levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not seen in the Earth's atmosphere for a very, very long time. Lacking action by the world's nations, it is clear that the planet will be warmer, sea level will rise, and patterns of rainfall will change. But the future is also partly uncertain-there is considerable uncertainty about how we will arrive at that different climate. Will the changes be gradual, allowing natural systems and societal infrastructure to adjust in a timely fashion? Or will some of the changes be more abrupt, crossing some threshold or "tipping point" to change so fast that the time between when a problem is recognized and when action is required shrinks to the point where orderly adaptation is not possible? Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change is an updated look at the issue of abrupt climate change and its potential impacts. This study differs from previous treatments of abrupt changes by focusing on abrupt climate changes and also abrupt climate impacts that have the potential to severely affect the physical climate system, natural systems, or human systems, often affecting multiple interconnected areas of concern. The primary timescale of concern is years to decades. A key characteristic of these changes is that they can come faster than expected, planned, or budgeted for, forcing more reactive, rather than proactive, modes of behavior. Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change summarizes the state of our knowledge about potential abrupt changes and abrupt climate impacts and categorizes changes that are already occurring, have a high probability of occurrence, or are unlikely to occur. Because of the substantial risks to society and nature posed by abrupt changes, this report recommends the development of an Abrupt Change Early Warning System that would allow for the prediction and possible mitigation of such changes before their societal impacts are severe. Identifying key vulnerabilities can help guide efforts to increase resiliency and avoid large damages from abrupt change in the climate system, or in abrupt impacts of gradual changes in the climate system, and facilitate more informed decisions on the proper balance between mitigation and adaptation. Although there is still much to learn about abrupt climate change and abrupt climate impacts, to willfully ignore the threat of abrupt change could lead to more costs, loss of life, suffering, and environmental degradation. Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change makes the case that the time is here to be serious about the threat of tipping points so as to better anticipate and prepare ourselves for the inevitable surprises.
Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change: North Atlantic Volatility During the Last Ice Age and Modern Arctic Sea Ice Retreat by : Ian L. Eisenman
Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change: North Atlantic Volatility During the Last Ice Age and Modern Arctic Sea Ice Retreat written by Ian L. Eisenman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last glacial period was characterized by abrupt switches between cold and warm climate regimes recorded in Greenland ice cores. The proximity of Greenland to the sea ice edge, among other factors, suggests that sea ice played an important role in these climate changes. In modern times, recent decades have seen a rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice. The author investigates the physical processes governing these abrupt changes in North Atlantic climate. The questions are approached using global climate models, idealized models, and observational analysis. The main findings of this research are summarized as follows: (i) the atmospheric response to receding glacial ice sheets, with sea ice amplification, may have contributed to the Younger Dryas abrupt cold interval 12,000 years ago; (ii) glacial climate may allow multiple states supported by feedbacks between sea ice and ocean circulation, with Dansgaard-Oeschger abrupt warming cycles being jumps between them; (iii) the disparity between rates of annual maximum (March) and annual minimum (September) sea ice extent retreat during recent decades may be due to coastline geometry; (iv) due to the impact of cloud simulation errors on Arctic sea ice, global climate model simulations of present-day sea ice conditions may agree less well than previous studies have suggested; (v) the possibility of a "tipping point" as Arctic sea ice recedes may be unlikely in the near future but likely in a more distant approach to perennially ice-free Arctic Ocean conditions. This work has direct implications regarding the cause of abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period, the characteristics of modern observed sea ice retreat, and the prediction of future changes in Arctic sea ice conditions.
Book Synopsis Discovering the Ice Ages by : Tobias Krüger
Download or read book Discovering the Ice Ages written by Tobias Krüger and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobias Krüger explores the discovery of the Ice Ages, how the idea was received, and what further research it stimulated. The approach used in Discovering the Ice Ages is uniquely sweeping. The contemporary debates on the subject are compared from an international perspective. Krüger retraces the arguments advanced from the middle of the 18th century to the threshold of the 20th century. The positions held by defenders of the glacial theory as well as those by its most important opponents are set within the context of the then current understanding of geology. In an interdisciplinary overview Krüger then focuses on the impetus gained from early ice-age research. The most prominent examples worth mentioning are the discovery of trace gases and the greenhouse effect.
Book Synopsis Ice Age Earth by : Alastair G. Dawson
Download or read book Ice Age Earth written by Alastair G. Dawson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ice Age Earth provides the first detailed review of global environmental change in the Late Quaternary. Significant geological and climatic events are analysed within a review of glacial and periglacial history. The melting history of the last ice sheets reveals that complex, dynamic and catastrophic change occurred, change which affected the circulation of the atmosphere and oceans and the stability of the Earth's crust.
Book Synopsis Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse by : H. Nüzhet Dalfes
Download or read book Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse written by H. Nüzhet Dalfes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Around 4000 years ago the advanced urban civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and India suddenly collapsed. What happened? Did a prolonged drought cause the breakdown of social order? Recent discoveries from all over the world strongly support the suspected link of the collapse with climate. The volume presents the findings of more than 40 researchers and provides a review on the relevant information. It appears that a major shift of the precipitation pattern affected many parts of the world at approximately the same time, with disastrous effects on the nomadic populations of Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe. Can a similar climate shift with a serious adverse impact on society happen again? In a world facing global warming, there could be many lessons to be learned from the experiences of ancient societies.
Book Synopsis An Inverse Model Study of Abrupt Climate Change During Last Ice Age by : Shaoping Lu
Download or read book An Inverse Model Study of Abrupt Climate Change During Last Ice Age written by Shaoping Lu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geologic records and climate model simulations suggest that changes in the meridional heat transport in the Atlantic Ocean were involved in the abrupt warming events -- the so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger Interstadials (DOIs) -- that punctuated an otherwise cold Greenland climate during the last glacial period. However, the role of Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice sheets in these events remains a subject of controversy. Here we report on the first attempt to combine quantitatively a paleo-temperature proxy with simplified ocean models, with the specific purpose of extracting information about the changes in mass balance of the NH ice sheets during the last glaciation. A Greenland paleotemperature record is combined with the climate models using Bayesian Stochastic Inversion (BSI) in order to estimate the changes that would be required to alter the Atlantic Ocean mass and heat transports between ~30 and 39 thousand years ago. The mean sea level changes implied by changes in NH ice sheet mass balance agree in amplitude and timing with reconstructions from the geologic record, which gives some support to the freshwater forcing hypothesis. Our results are unaffected by uncertainties in the representation of vertical buoyancy transport in the tropical ocean, in large part because the global adjustments to high latitude freshening bypass the tropics and affect sinking rate in the opposite pole. However, the solutions are sensitive to assumptions about physical processes at polar latitudes. We find that the inversion reproduces the gradual changes in sea level and Antarctic temperature inferred from the independent evidence provided by proxy records. The Greenland warm event lasting over 3000 years (DOI 8) can be explained by sustained growth of NH ice sheet and reduced supply of icebergs to the North Atlantic. Our results indicate a more involved role of the NH ice sheets than previously thought, in which both collapse and subsequent growth would be required to explain the full series of the long (> 3000 years) warm events recorded in Greenland ice.
