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About The Relevance Of Snow Microstructure Study In Cryospheric Sciences
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Book Synopsis About the Relevance of Snow Microstructure Study in Cryospheric Sciences by : Maurine Montagnat
Download or read book About the Relevance of Snow Microstructure Study in Cryospheric Sciences written by Maurine Montagnat and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of the Cryosphere by : Marco Tedesco
Download or read book Remote Sensing of the Cryosphere written by Marco Tedesco and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-01-27 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cryosphere, that region of the world where water is temporarily or permanently frozen, plays a crucial role on our planet. Recent developments in remote sensing techniques, and the acquisition of new data sets, have resulted in significant advances in our understanding of all components of the cryosphere and its processes. This book, based on contributions from 40 leading experts, offers a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the methods, techniques and recent advances in applications of remote sensing of the cryosphere. Examples of the topics covered include: • snow extent, depth, grain-size and impurities • surface and subsurface melting • glaciers • accumulation over the Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets • ice thickness and velocities • gravimetric measurements from space • sea, lake and river ice • frozen ground and permafrost • fieldwork activities • recent and future cryosphere-oriented missions and experiments All figures are in color and provide an excellent visual accompaniment to the technical and scientific aspect of the book. Readership: Senior undergraduates, Masters and PhD Students, PostDocs and Researchers in cryosphere science and remote sensing. Remote Sensing of the Cryosphere is the significant first volume in the new Cryosphere Science Series. This new series comprises volumes that are at the cutting edge of new research, or provide focussed interdisciplinary reviews of key aspects of the science.
Book Synopsis Snow and Firn by : Alden Claire Adolph
Download or read book Snow and Firn written by Alden Claire Adolph and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snow, ice, and firn (snow more than one year old) have many roles within the environmental system, and our understanding of their physical structures can help to answer a myriad of important open questions in cryospheric sciences. To investigate past climate, scientists study natural archives of atmospheric composition and temperature found in the polar ice sheets. Firn is the porous material on the top 50-120 meters of these ice sheets, and movement of atmospheric gases in firn plays an important role the formation of ice core climate records. In this work, we develop and implement an improved technique to measure firn gas diffusivity. Through laboratory measurements, we determine that gas transport parameters of diffusivity and permeability are sensitive to variability in firn microstructure that density alone cannot describe. As a highly reflective material, snow serves as an important control on global surface energy balance and plays a critical role in the dynamic climate system due to the snow albedo temperature feedback. Increased monitoring and understanding of snow albedo (or reflectivity) and snow temperature is imperative for improved future climate modeling. Through field-based observations in New Hampshire, we determine that snow grain size, and not impurity content, is the main driver of changes in snow albedo in this region. We use these extensive field observations to evaluate a physically-based snow albedo model that is embedded in major climate models, and we show that the model largely overestimates albedo throughout the winter season. In a ground validation experiment of satellite remote sensing snow temperatures in Greenland, we show that agreement between ground-based and satellite-based infrared temperatures is better than previous literature indicates. Throughout this thesis, we use direct measurements of physical properties of snow and firn to generate greater understanding of past, present, and future climate.
Book Synopsis An Integrated Microstructural Study of Dry Snow Metamorphism Under Generalized Thermal Conditions by : Daniel August Miller
Download or read book An Integrated Microstructural Study of Dry Snow Metamorphism Under Generalized Thermal Conditions written by Daniel August Miller and published by . This book was released on 2002-04-01 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snow microstructure significantly influences the mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic properties of snow. The microstructure is constantly evolving from the time it is deposited on the surface until it sublimates or melts. The resulting time variant material properties make the study of snow metamorphism of fundamental importance to a wide variety of snow science disciplines. Dry snow metamorphism has traditionally been classified by the thermal gradient encountered in the snowpack. Snow experiencing a predominantly equi-temperature environment develops different micro structure than snow that is subjected to a temperature gradient. As such, previous research has evaluated snow metamorphism based upon select thermal gradient dependent processes, when in reality, there is a continuum of physical processes simultaneously contributing to metamorphism. In previous research, a discrete temperature gradient transition between the two thermal environments has been used to activate separate morphological analyses. The current research focuses on a unifying approach to dry snow metamorphism that is applicable to generalized thermal environments. The movement of heat and mass is not prescribed, but is allowed to develop naturally through modeling of physical processes. Heat conduction, mass conservation, and phase change equations are derived in a simplified two-dimensional approach. Each differential equation is non-linearly coupled to the others through phase change. The microstructural network is then discretized into elements and nodes. Finite difference equations are developed for the network, and numerically solved using iterative techniques. The finite difference model provides a unique platform to study the influence of numerous geometric and thermodynamic parameters relating to dry snow metamorphism. Numerical metamorphism studies in an equi-temperature environment agree well with established trends and published experimental results.
Book Synopsis Microwave Indices from Active and Passive Sensors for Remote Sensing Applications by : Emanuele Santi
Download or read book Microwave Indices from Active and Passive Sensors for Remote Sensing Applications written by Emanuele Santi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-21 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past research has comprehensively assessed the capabilities of satellite sensors operating at microwave frequencies, both active (SAR, scatterometers) and passive (radiometers), for the remote sensing of Earth’s surface. Besides brightness temperature and backscattering coefficient, microwave indices, defined as a combination of data collected at different frequencies and polarizations, revealed a good sensitivity to hydrological cycle parameters such as surface soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow depth and its water equivalent. The differences between microwave backscattering and emission at more frequencies and polarizations have been well established in relation to these parameters, enabling operational retrieval algorithms based on microwave indices to be developed. This Special Issue aims at providing an overview of microwave signal capabilities in estimating the main land parameters of the hydrological cycle, e.g., soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow water equivalent, on both local and global scales, with a particular focus on the applications of microwave indices.
Download or read book Snow Ecology written by H. G. Jones and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, a multidisciplinary group of acknowledged experts fully intergrate the physical, chemical, and biological sciences to provide a complete understanding of the interrelationships between snow structure and life. This volume opens a new perspecitve on snow cover as a habitat for organisms under extreme environmental conditions and as a key factor in the ecology of much of the Earth's surface. The contributors describe the fundamental physical and small-scale chemical processes that characterize the evolution of snow and their influence on the life cycles of true snow organisms and the biota of cold regions with extended snow cover. The book further expands on the role of snow in the biosphere by the study of the relationship between snow and climate and the paleo-ecological evidence for the influence of past snow regimes on plant communities. Snow Ecology will form a main textbook on advanced courses in biology, ecology, geography, environmental science, and earth science where an important component is devoted to the study of the cryosphere. It will also be useful as a reference text for graduate students, researchers, and professionals at academic institutions and in government and nongovernmental agencies with environmental concerns.
Book Synopsis The Global Cryosphere by : Roger G. Barry
Download or read book The Global Cryosphere written by Roger G. Barry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies indicate that - due to climate change - the Earth is undergoing rapid changes in all cryospheric components, including polar sea ice shrinkage, mountain glacier recession, thawing permafrost, and diminishing snow cover. This book provides a comprehensive summary of all components of the Earth's cryosphere, reviewing their history, physical and chemical characteristics, geographical distributions, and projected future states. This new edition has been completely updated throughout, and provides state-of-the-art data from GlobSnow-2 CRYOSAT, ICESAT, and GRACE. It includes a comprehensive summary of cryospheric changes in land ice, permafrost, freshwater ice, sea ice, and ice sheets. It discusses the models developed to understand cryosphere processes and predict future changes, including those based on remote sensing, field campaigns, and long-term ground observations. Boasting an extensive bibliography, over 120 figures, and end-of-chapter review questions, it is an ideal resource for students and researchers of the cryosphere.
Book Synopsis Melt Water Retention Processes in Snow and Firn on Ice Sheets and Glaciers: Observations and Modeling by : W. Tad Pfeffer
Download or read book Melt Water Retention Processes in Snow and Firn on Ice Sheets and Glaciers: Observations and Modeling written by W. Tad Pfeffer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Melt takes place where the surface of glaciers or ice sheets interacts with the atmosphere. While the processes governing surface melt are fairly well understood, the pathways of the meltwater, from its origin to the moment it leaves a glacier system, remain enigmatic. It is not even guaranteed that meltwater leaves a glacier or ice sheet. On Greenland, for example, only slightly more than 50% of the meltwater runs off. The remainder mostly refreezes within the so-called firn cover of the ice sheet. This eBook contains 11 studies which tackle the challenge of understanding meltwater retention in snow and firn from various angles. The studies focus both on mountain glaciers and on the Greenland ice sheet and address challenges such as measuring firn properties, quantifying their influence on meltwater retention, modelling firn processes and meltwater refreezing as well as unravelling the mechanisms within the recently discovered Greenland firn aquifers.
Book Synopsis An Integrated Microstructural Study of Dry Snow Metamorphism Under Generalized Thermal Conditions by :
Download or read book An Integrated Microstructural Study of Dry Snow Metamorphism Under Generalized Thermal Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snow microstructure significantly influences the mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic properties of snow. The microstructure is constantly evolving from the time it is deposited on the surface until it sublimates or melts. The resulting time variant material properties make the study of snow metamorphism of fundamental importance to a wide variety of snow science disciplines. Dry snow metamorphism has traditionally been classified by the thermal gradient encountered in the snowpack. Snow experiencing a predominantly equi-temperature environment develops different micro structure than snow that is subjected to a temperature gradient. As such, previous research has evaluated snow metamorphism based upon select thermal gradient dependent processes, when in reality, there is a continuum of physical processes simultaneously contributing to metamorphism. In previous research, a discrete temperature gradient transition between the two thermal environments has been used to activate separate morphological analyses. The current research focuses on a unifying approach to dry snow metamorphism that is applicable to generalized thermal environments. The movement of heat and mass is not prescribed, but is allowed to develop naturally through modeling of physical processes. Heat conduction, mass conservation, and phase change equations are derived in a simplified two-dimensional approach. Each differential equation is non-linearly coupled to the others through phase change. The microstructural network is then discretized into elements and nodes. Finite difference equations are developed for the network, and numerically solved using iterative techniques. The finite difference model provides a unique platform to study the influence of numerous geometric and thermodynamic parameters relating to dry snow metamorphism. Numerical metamorphism studies in an equi-temperature environment agree well with established trends and published experimental results.
Author :Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :1009175351 Total Pages :2410 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Download or read book Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-26 with total page 2410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science basis of climate change. It considers in situ and remote observations; paleoclimate information; understanding of climate drivers and physical, chemical, and biological processes and feedbacks; global and regional climate modelling; advances in methods of analyses; and insights from climate services. It assesses the current state of the climate; human influence on climate in all regions; future climate change including sea level rise; global warming effects including extremes; climate information for risk assessment and regional adaptation; limiting climate change by reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions and reducing other greenhouse gas emissions; and benefits for air quality. The report serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with the latest policy-relevant information on climate change. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing for Characterization of Geohazards and Natural Resources by : Estelle Chaussard
Download or read book Remote Sensing for Characterization of Geohazards and Natural Resources written by Estelle Chaussard and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insights from a geoscientist’s perspective into the benefits and the potential of remote sensing methods to address problems with a high social impact: identifying the drivers of geohazards and developing new methods for monitoring natural resources. The fields covered include volcanic hazards, seismic hazards, landslide hazards, land subsidence hazards and monitoring of natural resources through the use and combination of various remote sensing techniques and modelling approaches. This book should spark collaborations and encourage readers to think beyond disciplines or techniques, as well as enable readers to build their own workflow depending on their study of interest. It provides a much-needed comprehensive review of recent advances that remote sensing methods have brought to geohazards and resources research. It is unique in the way that it unifies geohazards and natural resources research to highlight cross-field advancements and potential areas for multiple fields of science to collaborate. The book intends to provide both a basic understanding of the remote sensing methods used in geohazards and natural resources sciences, with appropriate referencing for readers wishing to further their technique-specific learning, and a detailed application of these methods to a variety of sustainability problems. It aims at providing the reader with workflows for combining multiple techniques with demonstrated results in a variety of disciplines. This approach makes the book useful for both students learning about geohazards and resources, learning about remote sensing methods, and for researchers intending to expand their skill set using methods that have been applied to other fields. This book provides an introduction to each remote sensing method with references for in-depth technical learning which will benefit students in Remote Sensing courses.
Book Synopsis Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters by : Wilfried Haeberli
Download or read book Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters written by Wilfried Haeberli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-12 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters, Second Edition, provides you with the latest scientific developments in sea level rise, permafrost degradation, rock/ice avalanches, glacier surges, glacial lake outburst floods, ice shelf collapses, climate change implications, causality, impacts, preparedness and mitigation. The book takes a geo-scientific approach to the topic while also covering current thinking about directly related social scientific issues that can affect ecosystems and global economies. Special emphasis is placed on the rapidly progressing effects from global warming on the cryosphere, perspectives for the future and latest scientific advances, and technological developments. Presents the latest research on causality, glacial surges, ice-shelf collapses, sea level rise, climate change implications, and more Contains numerous tables, maps, diagrams, illustrations and photographs of hazardous processes Features new insights on the implications of climate change, including increased melting, collapsing, flooding, methane emissions, and sea level rise
Book Synopsis Introduction to the Physics of the Cryosphere by : Melody Sandells
Download or read book Introduction to the Physics of the Cryosphere written by Melody Sandells and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cryosphere encompasses all regions of the planet that experiences water in ice form for some portion of the year. In this book, authors Melody Sandells and Daniela Flocco deliver an introduction to the physics of the cryosphere. This includes the Arcti
Book Synopsis Applications of Data Assimilation and Inverse Problems in the Earth Sciences by : Alik Ismail-Zadeh
Download or read book Applications of Data Assimilation and Inverse Problems in the Earth Sciences written by Alik Ismail-Zadeh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference on data assimilation and inverse problems, and their applications across a broad range of geophysical disciplines, ideal for researchers and graduate students. It highlights the importance of data assimilation for understanding dynamical processes of the Earth and its space environment, and summarises recent advances.
Book Synopsis Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters by :
Download or read book Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters provides you with the latest scientific developments in glacier surges and melting, ice shelf collapses, paleo-climate reconstruction, sea level rise, climate change implications, causality, impacts, preparedness, and mitigation. It takes a geo-scientific approach to the topic while also covering current thinking about directly related social scientific issues that can adversely affect ecosystems and global economies. Puts the contributions from expert oceanographers, geologists, geophysicists, environmental scientists, and climatologists selected by a world-renowned editorial board in your hands Presents the latest research on causality, glacial surges, ice-shelf collapses, sea level rise, climate change implications, and more Numerous tables, maps, diagrams, illustrations and photographs of hazardous processes will be included Features new insights into the implications of climate change on increased melting, collapsing, flooding, methane emissions, and sea level rise
Book Synopsis Introduction to the Physics of the Cryosphere by : Melody Sandells
Download or read book Introduction to the Physics of the Cryosphere written by Melody Sandells and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cryosphere encompasses all regions of the planet that experiences water in ice form for some portion of the year. In this book, authors Melody Sandells and Daniela Flocco deliver an introduction to the physics of the cryosphere. This includes the Arcti
Book Synopsis Papers from the Cryospheric Section of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Meeting Held in Perugia, Italy, 2-13 July, 2007 by :
Download or read book Papers from the Cryospheric Section of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Meeting Held in Perugia, Italy, 2-13 July, 2007 written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
