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Author : Y. Choinière
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (145 download)
Download or read book A Wind Tunnel Study of Airflow Patterns in a Naturally Ventilated Building written by Y. Choinière and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Panagiota Karava
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Airflow Prediction in Buildings for Natural Ventilation Design written by Panagiota Karava and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural/hybrid ventilation systems with motorized operable windows, designed and controlled to utilize the potential for cross-ventilation, represent an area of significant interest in sustainable building design as they can substantially reduce energy consumption for cooling and ventilation. Presently, there is a need for accurate prediction models that can contribute to the improvement of indoor environmental quality and energy performance of buildings, and the increased use of low energy, naturally driven cooling systems. In this regard, the present research aims to enhance airflow prediction accuracy for natural ventilation design of buildings considering advanced experimental and simulation methods. The study considers a Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel (BLWT) approach to investigate the wind-induced driving forces and ventilation flow rates in various building models subject to cross-ventilation. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique was used for the first time to evaluate accurately the air velocity field for various cross-ventilation configurations. Detailed measurements were performed to determine mean and fluctuating internal pressures since they affect airflow prediction, occupants' thermal comfort, as well as cladding and structural wind load design of buildings with operable windows. PIV data for the inflow velocity were compared with those by using conventional techniques (e.g., hot-film anemometry) and results show differences, between the two methods, up to a factor of 2.7. This clearly indicates that accuracy can be enhanced with carefully conducted PIV experiments. The study provides guidelines for implementation of cross-ventilation in design practice. These guidelines were developed on the basis of parametric experimental investigations, which quantify the impact of relative inlet-to-outlet size and location on ventilation airflow rates and thermal comfort of building occupants. The study develops a novel simulation methodology combined with a sensitivity analysis focused on modelling issues, such as the impact of zoning assumptions, to predict the envelope pressures and related air-exchange rates in buildings due to wind, stack, and mechanical system effects. An integrated simulation tool (ESP-r) was used to model the airflow/energy interactions in an existing high-rise residential building, and simulation results agree well with monitoring data.
Author : Wolf Alexander Snyckers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (167 download)
Download or read book Wind Tunnel Studies of the Flow of Air Through Rectangular Openings with Application to Natural Ventilation of Buildings written by Wolf Alexander Snyckers and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : H.B. Awbi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134489625
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)
Download or read book Ventilation of Buildings written by H.B. Awbi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-06-02 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hazim Awbi's Ventilation of Buildings has become established as the definitive text on the subject. This new, thoroughly revised, edition builds on the basic principles of the original text drawing in the results of considerable new research in the field. A new chapter on natural ventilation is also added and recent developments in ventilation concepts and room air distribution are also considered. The text is intended for the practitioner in the building services industry, the architect, the postgraduate student undertaking courses or research in HVAC, building services engineering, or building environmental engineering, and the undergraduate studying building services as a major subject. Readers are assumed to be familiar with the basic principles of fluid flow and heat transfer and some of the material requires more advanced knowledge of partial differential equations which describe the turbulent flow and heat transfer processes of fluids. The book is both a presentation of the practical issues that are needed for modern ventilation system design and a survey of recent developments in the subject
Author : Phil Jones
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 9780750651271
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (512 download)
Download or read book Wind Tunnel Modelling and Ventilation Design written by Phil Jones and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2006-02-20 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title explains the theory involved in using wind tunnels and shows how they can help an architect in their design. It includes studies of external wind-flow around buildings, pressure measurements of building facades and internal airflow.
Author : Sheng Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Method of Quantifying Wind-driven Natural Ventilation Flowrate and the Development of Systematic Analysis on the Relationship Between the Flowrate and Building Configuration written by Sheng Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is very challenging to design a building when one is trying to determine the wind-driven ventilation due to the instability of the wind. While a significant amount of research has been carried out to measure and estimate the wind-driven ventilation of buildings in the recent decade, few could systematically quantify the ventilation flowrates in different building types in different wind environments. In order to thoroughly investigate the research gap above, the thesis has been divided into four stages and covered by four related studies. the first stage of the four studies analyzed the relationship between facÌʹade opening size and wind-driven airflow rates through small openings by using CFD. Then, for the second stage, a Weibull model fitted wind characteristic study was carried out to try to represent variable wind by a mathematical model. A series of CFD simulation and wind tunnel experiments were conducted for the third stage to establish a methodology to use CFD simulation software carrying out virtual wind tunnel experiments. Finally, for the last stage, by applying the methodology created in the third stage, a series of building facÌʹade pressure coefficient simulations were conducted, and wind-driven ventilation of these buildings under historical wind conditions was estimated. To summarize the results of these four related studies, the opening size analysis showed the relationship between the airflow at the building opening, which is driven by the wind, opening size, and wind direction. The investigation revealed the airflow through the opening was mostly driven by the pressure difference, in which wind momentum energy dissipated at the building surface, even while the wind was not perpendicular to the facÌʹade. By changing the opening size, it also revealed that the primary driving force of the airflow through opening shifted from pressure to momentum while the opening size was increased. This study provided the threshold of opening size while pressure-driven airflow applied. The next step provided the mathematical model exploration of wind data, which delivered a method to represent wind characteristic data. The study illustrated the inaccuracy of using TMY3 wind data to estimate wind-driven ventilation when comparing to ASOS data. Weibull model fitted into ASOS data showed the potential of using the mathematical model to generate wind data. The thirst step demonstrates the use of a virtual wind tunnel developed to systematically obtain building facade pressure coefficient and the accompanying framework to duplicate this process to fit any building. This virtual wind tunnel analysis was validated against a real wind tunnel experiment (by FIU WoW facility) and the method and framework of acquiring pressure data under different wind conditions via the virtual wind tunnel are expected to generate high-value results for other researchers. Finally, by applying the virtual wind tunnel based data (pressure coefficients), the estimation of wind-driven ventilation rates was calculated for different building and different locations. The calculated flowrates was used in investigating the efficacy and viability of using wind-driven natural ventilation to fulfill current ventilation requirements.
Author : T. R. Oke
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108179363
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.
Author : Zhaojun Wang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811395209
Total Pages : 1419 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC 2019) written by Zhaojun Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-14 with total page 1419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents selected papers from the 11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC 2019), with a focus on HVAC techniques for improving indoor environment quality and the energy efficiency of heating and cooling systems. Presenting inspiration for implementing more efficient and safer HVAC systems, the book is a valuable resource for academic researchers, engineers in industry, and government regulators.
Author : H.B. Awbi
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080430171
Total Pages : 746 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Air Distribution in Rooms written by H.B. Awbi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The air distribution in occupied spaces is a major issue of public concern. It is widely recognized that the quality of air and the nature of airflow can affect the health of occupants and the energy consumed in buildings and transport vehicles. ROOMVENT is the principal international conference in the field of air distribution. It was first initiated in 1987 by SCANVAC, the Scandinavian Federation of Heating, Ventilating and Sanitary Engineering Associations in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The aim of the Conference is to bring together researchers from universities and research institutes, engineers from industry and government officials and policy makers, with the goal of experiencing the latest techniques for measuring and analyzing indoor air flow, the visualization of indoor air flow patterns, the evaluation of ventilation parameters and the most recent developments in computer simulation techniques of room airflow. It is hoped that the theme of ROOMVENT 2000 "Ventilation for Health and Sustainable Environment" will set the scene for room air distribution research and development for the new millennium.
Author : Riccardo Buccolieri
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 303897806X
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)
Download or read book Recent Advances in Urban Ventilation Assessment and Flow Modelling written by Riccardo Buccolieri and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains twenty-one original papers and one review paper published by internationally recognized experts in the Atmosphere Special Issue "Recent Advances in Urban Ventilation Assessment and Flow Modelling", years 2017–2019. The Special Issue includes contributions on recent experimental and modelling works, techniques, and developments mainly tailored to the assessment of urban ventilation on flow and pollutant dispersion in cities. The study of ventilation is of critical importance, as it addresses the capacity with which a built urban structure is capable of replacing the polluted air with ambient fresh air. Here, ventilation is recognized as a transport process that improves local microclimate and air quality and closely relates to the term “breathability”. The efficiency with which street canyon ventilation occurs depends on the complex interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer flow and the local urban morphology. The individual contributions to this Issue are summarized and categorized into four broad topics: (1) outdoor ventilation efficiency and application/development of ventilation indices, (2) relationship between indoor and outdoor ventilation, (3) effects of urban morphology and obstacles to ventilation, and (4) ventilation modelling in realistic urban districts. The results and approaches presented and proposed will be of great interest to experimentalists and modelers, and may constitute a starting point for the improvement of numerical simulations of flow and pollutant dispersion in the urban environment, for the development of simulation tools, and for the implementation of mitigation strategies.
Author : Yun Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surface Pressure and Wind Characteristics for Cross-ventilation Airflow Rate Assessment written by Yun Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ventilation with outside air has received tremendous attention since the outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic. Wind-driven cross ventilation has been reported to be an efficient strategy to enhance the indoor and outdoor air exchange for this purpose. However, there is a lack of an accurate tool for the rapid estimation of airflow rate. The candidate pressure-based orifice equation involves two parameters, pressure coefficient, and free stream wind speed, which have not been fully understood due to its oversimplification. This work aims to fill the gap. First, a pressure-based instantaneous airflow rate (Qins) is proposed to mitigate the discrepancy between measured airflow of a series of wind tunnel tests estimated from averaged pressure. Second, a spatiotemporal analysis is carried out on instantaneous pressure to understand the turbulent flow and hence provide evidence for such fluctuation-induced airflow. At last, the spatial and temporal variation of urban wind is investigated by comparing local wind with airport wind. This work approaches these questions by investigating the underlying flow behavior. A series of wind tunnel tests were reviewed to establish the relationship between pressure and wind-driven cross-ventilation. Then, the discrepancy between airflow rate measurement and averaged pressure is justified by both a steady-state CFD simulation and a temporal analysis on instantaneous pressure. It's found when the wind is parallel to openings, a strong temporal correlation between pressure on two lateral walls results in zero time-averaged pressure difference. In contrast, the measured airflow rate is greater than zero and is more consistent with an accumulative instantaneous airflow rate (Qins) which is accounts for pressure difference over small time step. The proposed, novel K-mean clustering method detects a coherent and organized flow structure that is likely linked to von Karman vortex shedding. Such flow structures are periodic and result in intermittent pressure differences at a relatively small time step for both isolated buildings or more complex urban-like settings. It attributes to the fluctuation-induced airflow rate, which the Qins is promising to capture. The investigation on wind variation found an overall strong to moderate correlation between local wind speed and that of the airport in the three cities discussed. However, the correlation is a function of topographic features of the region, say a region with homogenous roughness (building heights) primarily indicates a strong correlation between the local and airport wind. The correlation becomes weaker when wind speed is low in the summer months. On the other hand, our studies have demonstrated systematic patterns of wind direction shifts. Future work is encouraged to better model the local wind data from airport wind under real urban environments. The potential solution to solving insufficient training data is discussed. As an attempt to understand the mechanism of fluctuation-induced cross-ventilation, the study presents systematic and generic knowledge of instantaneous flow structures induced by wind-building interaction as an alternative to other time-consuming and source-intensive methods like CFD, wind tunnel test, and field measurements. The results could be used as a semi-quantitative description of the transient behavior of flow around buildings and hence provides evidence for a periodic function that acts as the driving force for cross ventilation. Those results are beneficial in terms of natural ventilation design as well. For instance, we found that the density, surrounding building height, and building roof significantly impact the flow rate achieved by a sheltered building. A favorable building orientation could be [theta]=45 to the prevailing wind if the target building has the same height as surrounding buildings or [theta]=20 for a "moderately dense" case.
Author : Liang Chung James Lo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (817 download)
Download or read book Predicting Wind Driven Cross Ventilation in Buildings with Small Openings written by Liang Chung James Lo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing wind driven cross ventilation for a building is challenging due to the dynamic characteristics of wind. While numerous studies have studied various aspects of cross ventilation, few have had an opportunity to examine the topic with a holistic approach utilizing multiple research techniques. Thus, this dissertation combined three different investigation methods: wind tunnel analysis, full scale experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine the physics of wind driven cross ventilation. Following the systematic approaches of the three methods, this study first conducted full scale measurements of wind properties, fac̦ade pressures, air flow rates through small window openings, and tracer gas concentrations in a multi-zone test house. Secondly, a scaled model of the test house was studied in a boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT) for its fac̦ade pressures and ventilation rate under various wind incident angles. Finally, a CFD model of the test house was simulated under various constraints to determine the factors which affect indoor air distribution during wind driven cross ventilation events. The full scale experimental results showed a strong correlation between the cross ventilation rate and the wind velocity component normal to the inlet openings. This correlation suggested that the cross ventilation flow rate could be estimated from wind conditions alone. A closer examination of the wind characteristics also revealed that the cyclical pattern of changing wind direction could be impacted by obstructions which are kilometers upwind, suggesting that distant landscapes could have an impact on cross ventilation flows. The combination of CFD and full scale measurements also showed that local heat sources can generate significant buoyancy driven flow and affect indoor mixing during wind-driven cross ventilation scenarios. Experimentally validated parametric CFD analyses demonstrated the effect of interior heat loads in driving internal airflow, and suggest that a small source (35W/m2) can increase the indoor mixing from less than 1 ACH to 8 ACH between indoor spaces. Finally, the wind tunnel and CFD coupled analysis was found to predict the cross ventilation flow which was also validated against the full scaled measurements. The prediction, which may only be applicable to similar building types with small openings, showed significant agreement that such method has potential as an innovative design tool for natural ventilation in buildings.
Author : D. E. Sexton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (41 download)
Download or read book A Simple Wind Tunnel for Studying Air-flow Round Buildings written by D. E. Sexton and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mat Santamouris
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136566945
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)
Download or read book Environmental Design of Urban Buildings written by Mat Santamouris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of environmental and energy research with respect to urban building projects. It describes how to overcome related challenges in environmental design of urban buildings. The book discusses the passive and active environmental systems within building concepts.
Author : Antony Wood
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415509580
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (155 download)
Download or read book Guide to Natural Ventilation in High Rise Office Buildings written by Antony Wood and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide sets out recommendations for every phase of the planning, construction and operation of natural ventilation systems in these buildings, including local climatic factors that need to be taken into account, how to plan for seasonal variations in weather, and the risks in adopting different implementation strategies. All of the recommendations are based on analysis of the research findings from richly-illustrated international case studies. This is the first technical guide from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat's Tall Buildings & Sustainability Working Group looking in depth at a key element in the creation of tall buildings with a much-reduced environmental impact, while taking the industry closer to an appreciation of what constitutes a sustainable tall building, and what factors affect the sustainability threshold for tall.
Author : Derek Clements-Croome
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135815879
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)
Download or read book Naturally Ventilated Buildings written by Derek Clements-Croome and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-11 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there are many historical examples of successful naturally ventilated buildings, standards for indoor climate have tended to emphasise active, mechanical airflow systems rather than passive natural systems. Despite its importance, knowledge about the performance of naturally ventilated buildings has remained comparatively sparse. With ten key research papers this book seeks to address this lack of information.
Author : Phil Jones
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 9780080939353
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (393 download)
Download or read book Wind Tunnel Modelling and Ventilation Design written by Phil Jones and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-08-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind tunnels have been used for decades by structural engineers to assess the ability of a building to stay up in different conditions. Now they are being used to assess a building's performance in other ways - for example, how wind conditions affect a naturally ventilated building's performance. This book explains the theory involved in the use of wind tunnels and how they can help architects and engineers during the design process. . •A guide to scale modelling for wind tunnel testing illustrating advantages and limitations •Addresses spaces between buildings and openings in buildings •Models diverse environments such as ventilation systems, high-rise building and impact on pedestrians
