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A Study To Evaluate The Effect Of Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions On Vehicle Miles Traveled
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Book Synopsis A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Vehicle Miles Traveled by : Kenneth A. Small
Download or read book A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Vehicle Miles Traveled written by Kenneth A. Small and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Presents measures of the size of the rebound effect, by which improvements in fuel efficiency of vehicles may cause vehicle travel to increase."--Abstract, report documentation page.
Book Synopsis Driving and the Built Environment by : National Research Council
Download or read book Driving and the Built Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-25 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB Special Report 298: Driving and the Built Environment: Effects of Compact Development on Motorized Travel, Energy Use, and CO2 Emissions examines the relationship between land development patterns and vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in the United States to assess whether petroleum use, and by extension greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, could be reduced by changes in the design of development patterns. The report estimates the contributions that changes in residential and mixed-use development patterns and transit investments could make in reducing VMT by 2030 and 2050, and the impact this could have in meeting future transportation-related GHG reduction goals.
Book Synopsis Moving Cooler by : Cambridge Systematics
Download or read book Moving Cooler written by Cambridge Systematics and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Both the public and private sectors are grappling with decisions regarding policies that will lead to reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moving Cooler analyzes and assesses the effectiveness and costs of almost 50 transportation strategies for reducing GHG emissions, as well as evaluates combinations of those strategies. The findings of this study can help decision makers coordinate and shape effective approaches to reducing GHG emissions at all levels - national, regional, and local - while also meeting broader transportation objectives." --Book Jacket.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309392527 Total Pages :273 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health, and Highway Safety by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health, and Highway Safety written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are approximately 4,000 fatalities in crashes involving trucks and buses in the United States each year. Though estimates are wide-ranging, possibly 10 to 20 percent of these crashes might have involved fatigued drivers. The stresses associated with their particular jobs (irregular schedules, etc.) and the lifestyle that many truck and bus drivers lead, puts them at substantial risk for insufficient sleep and for developing short- and long-term health problems. Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health and Highway Safety assesses the state of knowledge about the relationship of such factors as hours of driving, hours on duty, and periods of rest to the fatigue experienced by truck and bus drivers while driving and the implications for the safe operation of their vehicles. This report evaluates the relationship of these factors to drivers' health over the longer term, and identifies improvements in data and research methods that can lead to better understanding in both areas.
Author :Transit Cooperative Research Program Publisher :Transportation Research Board ISBN 13 :0309087732 Total Pages :87 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Travel Matters by : Transit Cooperative Research Program
Download or read book Travel Matters written by Transit Cooperative Research Program and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2003 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report and the TravelMatters website (developed as part of this project) are designed to present information on climate change and to examine how greenhouse gas emissions from transportation may be reduced. Both the print and web-based research products review the capacity of public transportation to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and present this information in a format accessible to transportation professionals and the general public. Key strategies for reducing transportation emissions--increasing the use of transit, changing land-use patterns, and adopting energy-efficient technologies and fuels in transit fleets--are discussed.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309496381 Total Pages :399 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.
Book Synopsis Unpacking the Complex Relationship Between Land Use, Vehicle Travel, and Transportation Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions by : Kwangyul Choi
Download or read book Unpacking the Complex Relationship Between Land Use, Vehicle Travel, and Transportation Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions written by Kwangyul Choi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation research aims to disentangle the relationship between land use, vehicle travel, and transportation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A great number of studies have paid attention to the impact of land use on transportation GHG emissions using vehicle miles traveled (VMT) as a substitute. Most studies equated VMT reduction with reduction of transportation GHG emissions. Few have examined in depth the varying components that affect transportation GHG emissions in vehicle travel operational dimensions. Moreover, few have applied the use of larger geographic-level land use. These studies, however, have limitations in examining a comprehensive relationship between land use and transportation GHG emissions. This dissertation research therefore focuses on the links between land-use measures at various geographic levels and household vehicle travel characteristics impacts on transportation GHG emissions. In doing so, this dissertation research consists of the three closely related research questions. Using the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), this research first examines whether neighborhood-level land use attributes proportionally affect household daily VMT and transportation GHG emissions (CO2e). A series of multiple regression models developed in Chapter Four address the impact of land use on household vehicle travel characteristics and transportation GHG emissions. Results suggest that land use strategies at the neighborhood level such as densification, a mixture of land use, and improvement of road connectivity can play a significant role in reducing vehicle travel. However, these land use changes may cause traffic delays in the area. Chapter Five focuses on the impact of multiple geographic-level land use (i.e., neighborhood, county, and MSA) on both household VMT and transportation GHG emissions by applying hierarchical linear modeling. Results suggest that the effectiveness of similar strategies can vary by geographic scales at which those strategies are implemented. Chapter Six examines the intervening effects of vehicle travel characteristics on transportation GHG emissions by employing structural equation modeling. Results suggest that land use at various geographic levels influence not only household VMT but also vehicle travel speed and vehicle trip frequency, which together in turn affect household transportation GHG emissions. Finally, this research presents a case study of the Austin, TX region using the 2006 Austin Travel Survey (ATS) in Chapter Seven. Applying a path model similar to the one developed in the preceding chapter, this study scrutinizes the role of land use in reducing transportation GHG emissions in both regional and local contexts. Results suggest that densification and a mixture of land use are still effective land use strategies to reduce region-wide emissions. However, design improvement can be a double-edged sword because of its unintended effect of reduced vehicle travel speed. Overall, the findings contend that both travel demand management and mobility management at various geographic levels should be fully discussed in the early stages of planning. In addition, the role of metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) in controlling regional development should be extended. The expansion of authorities and responsibilities of MPOs may enable the region at all levels to be developed more sustainably.
Book Synopsis Emissions Reduction Through Better Traffic Management by :
Download or read book Emissions Reduction Through Better Traffic Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate a new low-cost approach for measuring on-road tailpipe emissions of highway vehicles; (2) investigate factors that affect the amount and variability of on-road emissions, using statistical methods; and (3) devise and demonstrate methods for designing and conducting observational experiments that realistically evaluate pollution prevention strategies for on-road vehicles. Portable instruments were used for measuring carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and vehicle activity (e.g., vehicle speed, engine parameters) on a second-by-second basis. Data collection, quality assurance, reduction, and analysis protocols were developed. Field data collection occurred in a pilot and an evaluation phase. In total, over 1,200 one-way trips were made with more than 20 vehicles, 4,000 vehicle-miles traveled, 160 hours of data, and 10 drivers. The pilot study was used to identify key factors influencing on-road emissions and as input to the design of the evaluation study. In the evaluation study, data were collected intensively with a small number of vehicles on two corridors before and after signal timing and coordination changes were implemented. For the first corridor, changes in signal timing and coordination did not result in a significant change in traffic flow or emissions. However, substantial reductions in emissions were estimated for uncongested versus congested traffic flow when comparing travel in the same direction at different times of day. For the second corridor, there were significant improvements in traffic flow and some reduction in emissions for three of the four time period and travel direction combinations evaluated. The impact of signal timing and coordination changes with respect to non-priority movements involving cross-streets was evaluated. For the first corridor, there was no statistically significant observed change in emissions for non-priority movements. For the second corridor, there typically was a decrease in average speed and an increase in emissions for non-priority movements; however, many of the observed changes were not statistically significant. The study also demonstrated other analysis methods, including: (a) macro-scale analysis of trip average emissions and traffic parameters; (b) micro-scale analysis of second-by-second emissions and vehicle operation; (c) mesoscale analysis of modal emission rates; and (d) spatial analysis of emissions at specific locations along the corridors. Both statistical and theoretical-based approaches were evaluated. The implications of the study results for pollution prevention strategies are discussed. Conclusions are presented regarding instrumentation, protocols, analysis techniques, and case study-specific findings. Recommendations are given regarding future applications of on-board measurements.
Book Synopsis Reducing Climate Impacts in the Transportation Sector by : Daniel Sperling
Download or read book Reducing Climate Impacts in the Transportation Sector written by Daniel Sperling and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-15 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 250 experts from around the world gathered at the Asilomar Transportation and Energy Conference in August 2007 to tackle what many agree is the greatest environmental challenge the world faces: climate change. This 11th Biennial Conference, organized under the auspices of the Energy and Alternative Fuels Committees of the U.S. Transportation Research Board, examined key climate change policy issues and strategies to combat climate impacts from the transportation sector, a leading source of greenhouse gas emissions. This book includes chapters by leading presenters at the Asilomar Conference that reflect the most current views of the world’s experts about a critical and rapidly evolving energy and environmental problem. The chapters in this book examine increasing worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases, uncertain oil supply, evolving climate change science, public attitudes toward climate change, and the implications for the U.S. of growth in China, India and elsewhere. They propose methods to reduce growth in vehicle travel through alternative fuel, new technologies, and land use planning. They examine the costs and the potential for greenhouse gas reduction through deployment of advanced technology and alternative fuels and propose strategies to motivate consumers to buy fuel efficient and alternative fuel vehicles, including heavy duty trucks.
Book Synopsis Transportation in a Climate-constrained World by : Andreas Schäfer
Download or read book Transportation in a Climate-constrained World written by Andreas Schäfer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of the opportunities and challenges involved in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from passenger travel.
Book Synopsis Transportation's Role in Reducing U. S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by : U. S. Department Transportation
Download or read book Transportation's Role in Reducing U. S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by U. S. Department Transportation and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-18 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation is a significant contributor to national greenhouse gas emissions, and can be part of the Nation's solution to the climate change challenge. The Energy Independence and Security Act (December 2007) called upon the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), in coordination with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and in consultation with the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), to conduct a study of the impact of the Nation's transportation system on climate change and strategies to mitigate the effects by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The study also considers fuel savings and air pollution reduction from these measures. This report responds to that directive. Volume 1: Synthesis Report provides an overview of transportation's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), analyzes the effectiveness of various strategies available to reduce transportation sector GHGs, discusses the role of DOT planning and funding programs for strategic action on climate change, and concludes with five policy options that Congress may wish to consider. This study evaluates potentially viable strategies to reduce transportation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The study was mandated by the Energy Independence and Security Act (P.L. 110-140, December 2007). The Act directed the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), in coordination with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and consultation with the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), to conduct a study of the impact of the Nation's transportation system on climate change and strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing GHG emissions from transportation. This study also examines the potential impact of these strategies on air quality, petroleum savings, transportation goals, costs, and other factors. Each GHG reduction strategy may have various positive impacts (including co-benefits) or negative impacts on these factors. Potential tradeoffs and interdependencies when reducing GHG emissions will need to be considered in order to develop balanced solutions. The study is presented in two parts: Volumes 1 and 2. Volume 1: Synthesis Report provides an overview of the study's findings and discusses policy options that Congress may wish to consider to reduce transportation GHG emissions. Volume 2: Technical Report provides the technical details of the assessment.
Download or read book Growing Cooler written by Reid H. Ewing and published by Urban Land Institute. This book was released on 2008 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a comprehensive study review by leading urban planning researchers, this investigative document demonstrates how urban development is both a key contributor to climate change and an essential factor in combating it -- by reducing vehicle greenhouse gas emissions.
Book Synopsis Transportation's Role in Reducing U. S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by : U. S. Department Transportation
Download or read book Transportation's Role in Reducing U. S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by U. S. Department Transportation and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-18 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation is a significant contributor to national greenhouse gas emissions, and can be part of the Nation's solution to the climate change challenge. The Energy Independence and Security Act (December 2007) called upon the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), in coordination with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and in consultation with the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), to conduct a study of the impact of the Nation's transportation system on climate change and strategies to mitigate the effects by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The study also considers fuel savings and air pollution reduction from these measures. Transportation's Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions is a report to Congress from the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) on the potential of transportation strategies to contribute to greenhouse gas reductions. Transportation has a significant impact on national greenhouse gas emissions, and transportation can be part of the nation's solution to the climate change challenge. The Energy Independence and Security Act (December 2007) called upon DOT, in consultation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), to conduct a study of the impact of the Nation's transportation system on climate change and strategies to mitigate the effects by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transportation. The study is also to consider fuel savings and air pollution reduction from these measures. This report responds to that directive. Volume 1: Synthesis Report provides an overview of transportation's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), analyzes the effectiveness of various strategies available to reduce GHGs from the transportation sector, discusses the role of DOT planning and funding programs in providing a framework for strategic action on climate change, and concludes with five policy actions that Congress may wish to consider. Volume 2: Technical Report provides the technical basis for the summary material and recommendations in Volume 1. This volume, Volume 2, contains detailed technical discussions of the four groups of strategies that can contribute to reducing the carbon footprint of the transportation sector. Each group of strategies is evaluated based on a set of factors including magnitude of GHG reduction, timing of impacts, cost, cobenefits (including fuel savings and air quality), implications for other DOT goals, impacts on infrastructure financing, and feasibility and implementation considerations.
Author :Great Britain: Department for Transport Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :9780101799621 Total Pages :100 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (996 download)
Book Synopsis Cutting carbon, creating growth by : Great Britain: Department for Transport
Download or read book Cutting carbon, creating growth written by Great Britain: Department for Transport and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This White Paper, entitled "Creating growth, cutting carbon: making sustainable local transport happen", sets out the Government's aims in meeting two key objectives: (i) to help create growth in the economy; (ii) tackling climate change by cutting carbon emissions. Action at the local level is seen as delivering gains at the national level. For example, around every three trips made by car are less than 5 miles in length, and it could be argued many such trips could alternatively be cycled, walked or undertaken by public transport. The Government sees the encouragement of sustainable travel choices benefiting the economy, cutting carbon and contributing to road safety and public health. The new Local Sustainable Transport Fund aims to help local authorities to encourage people to travel sustainably. The publication is divided into nine chapters with one annex, and looks at the following areas: local transport - choices and implications; decentralising power - enabling local delivery; enabling sustainable transport choices; active travel; making transport more attractive; managing traffic to reduce carbon and tackle congestion; local transport in society.
Author :Maren Outwater, Colin Smith, Jerry Walters, Brian Welch, Robert Cervero, Kara Kockelman, and J. Richard Kuzmyak Publisher :Transportation Research Board ISBN 13 :0309274419 Total Pages :325 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (92 download)
Book Synopsis Effect of Smart Growth Policies on Travel Demand by : Maren Outwater, Colin Smith, Jerry Walters, Brian Welch, Robert Cervero, Kara Kockelman, and J. Richard Kuzmyak
Download or read book Effect of Smart Growth Policies on Travel Demand written by Maren Outwater, Colin Smith, Jerry Walters, Brian Welch, Robert Cervero, Kara Kockelman, and J. Richard Kuzmyak and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report from the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, explores the underlying relationships among households, firms, and travel demand. The report also describes a regional scenario planning tool that can be used to evaluate the impacts of various smart growth policies.
Book Synopsis Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels by : National Research Council
Download or read book Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-14 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.
Book Synopsis Primer on Transportation and Climate Change by :
Download or read book Primer on Transportation and Climate Change written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report serves as an introduction to the issue of climate change and its implications for transportation policy in the U.S. The report: Summarizes the current state of scientific knowledge concerning the causes and impacts of climate change; Provides an introduction to climate change policy issues; Discusses trends in greenhouse gas emissions from road transportation; Reviews potential measures to reduce such emissions; and Identified issues for further research.
