A Study of Zn Electrode Operation in Alkaline Electrolytes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
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Book Synopsis A Study of Zn Electrode Operation in Alkaline Electrolytes by : Reed Wittman

Download or read book A Study of Zn Electrode Operation in Alkaline Electrolytes written by Reed Wittman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently there has been growing interest in alternatives to Li-ion battery systems. Metal-air batteries are a considered a promising alternative. Zn-air systems possess a number of advantages over Li-based systems however face a number of challenges particularly at the negative Zn electrode. Dendrite growth, passivation and electrode shape change all lead to declining performance and ultimately failure of the cell. This study of Zn electrochemistry alkaline electrolytes was done using in situ electrochemical Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (ec-STEM) and Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) to study fundamental processes during Zn deposition, dissolution and electrode passivation. Using ecS/TEM experiments to study Zn deposition a mechanism for Zn dendrite propagation during cycling via particle detachment during discharge steps was developed and proposed. This was also used to explain capacity fade during cells over long term cycling as detached particles are not able to contribute to the capacity of the cell. EQCM was used to study dissolution and passivation of Zn in 1, 4 and 8 M Potassium Hydroxide solutions. Native oxide layers were found to present in the solutions saturated with Zn(OH)42− [Zinc Tetrahydroxide] ions while the 4 and 8M solutions half saturated with Zn(OH)42− were found not to form an oxide layer and only corrosion of the Zn electrode occurred. Mechanisms of passivation was determined to shift with pH of the solution. At low concentrations of OH− [Hydroxide] in the solution an adsorption mechanism where passivating ZnO is formed directly on the species occurs. At high OH− concentrations the dissolution and precipitation mechanism of passivation occurs. At intermediate concentrations both participate in the passivation of the electrode. Indicating that researchers need to build their passivation management strategies based on the solution they are using. Finally carbon felts were studied for their potential as negative electrodes in a Zn-air flow battery. It was found that they exhibit high current densities at low overpotential, good cycling stability and lifetime. It was observed that IR drop in the felt determines where deposition occurs and flow conditions need to be optimized.

Role of Additives in Minimizing Zinc Electrode Shape Change: The Effect of Lead on the Kinetics of Zn(II) Reduction in Concentrated Alkaline Media

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Total Pages : 88 pages
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Book Synopsis Role of Additives in Minimizing Zinc Electrode Shape Change: The Effect of Lead on the Kinetics of Zn(II) Reduction in Concentrated Alkaline Media by : L. S. Melnicki

Download or read book Role of Additives in Minimizing Zinc Electrode Shape Change: The Effect of Lead on the Kinetics of Zn(II) Reduction in Concentrated Alkaline Media written by L. S. Melnicki and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kinetics of zinc deposition in various media is among the most widely studied systems, along with hydrogen and oxygen reactions. The importance of the zinc electrode originates from the use of zinc as an anode material in commercially important primary and secondary batteries. The Ag-Zn battery, commercially available for a long time, has the highest practical energy and power densities among conventional secondary batteries. The Ni-Zn secondary battery is still under development. Both zinc electrodes operate in concentrated alkaline electrolytes. In spite of the extensive number of studies, the mechanism of zinc reduction in alkaline media is not fully understood. The situation is further complicated in the presence of various metallic additives. which are commonly used in secondary alkaline batteries utilizing zinc anodes to suppress dendrite formation and/or facilitate uniform zinc deposition. Non-uniform zinc deposition leads to the phenomenon known as zinc electrode shape change in secondary batteries. The zinc electrode shape change is considered a leading factor in the premature loss of capacity of zinc batteries and to a generally unacceptably short cycle life. Of all the additives employed, lead appears to be the most commonly used in commercial practice, alone or in combination with other additives. While further work is in order (especially on the dissolution process of zinc, which is also affected by lead) our results point to the possibility of employing electrolyte additives, as opposed to additives to the ZnO paste in practical cells.

Zinc-Air Batteries

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527350462
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Zinc-Air Batteries by : Zongping Shao

Download or read book Zinc-Air Batteries written by Zongping Shao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-01-04 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc–Air Batteries Authoritative and comprehensive resource covering foundational knowledge of zinc–air batteries as well as their practical applications Zinc–Air Batteries provides a comprehensive understanding of the history and development of Zn–air batteries, with a systematic overview of components, design, and device innovation, along with recent advances in the field, especially with regards to the cathode catalyst design made by cutting-edge materials, engineering processes, and technologies. In particular, design principles regarding the key components of Zn–air batteries, ranging from air cathode, to zinc anode, and to electrolyte, are emphasized. Furthermore, industrial developments of Zn–air batteries are discussed and emerging new designs of Zn–air batteries are also introduced. The authors argue that designing advanced Zn–air battery technologies is important to the realization of efficient energy storage and conversion—and, going further, eventually holds the key to a sustainable energy future and a carbon-neutral goal. Edited and contributed to by leading professionals and researchers in the field, Zinc–Air Batteries also contains information regarding: Design of oxygen reduction catalysts in primary zinc–air batteries, including precious metals, single-atoms, carbons, and transition metal oxides Design of bifunctional oxygen catalysts in rechargeable zinc–air batteries, covering specific oxygen redox reactions and catalyst candidates Design of three-dimensional air cathode in zinc–air batteries, covering loading of carbon-based and transition metal catalysts, plus design of the three-phase interface Design of electrolyte for zinc–air batteries, including liquid electrolytes (e.g., alkaline) and gel polymer electrolytes (e.g., PVA hydrogel) For students, researchers, and instructors working in battery technologies, materials science, and electrochemistry, and for industry and government representatives for decision making associated with energy and transportation, Zinc–Air Batteries summarizes the research results on Zn–air batteries and thereby helps researchers and developers to implement the technology in practice.

Studies on the Development of Mossy Zinc Electrodeposits from Flowing Alkaline Electrolytes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies on the Development of Mossy Zinc Electrodeposits from Flowing Alkaline Electrolytes by : Laura Ann Mc Vay

Download or read book Studies on the Development of Mossy Zinc Electrodeposits from Flowing Alkaline Electrolytes written by Laura Ann Mc Vay and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Studies on the Development of Mossy Zinc Electrodeposits from Flowing Alkaline Electrolytes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies on the Development of Mossy Zinc Electrodeposits from Flowing Alkaline Electrolytes by :

Download or read book Studies on the Development of Mossy Zinc Electrodeposits from Flowing Alkaline Electrolytes written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initiation and characteristics of mossy zinc electrodeposits have been investigated. Batteries with zinc electrodes are candidates for electric vehicle applications; however, this electrode is prone to form non-compact deposits that contribute to capacity loss and battery failure. Moss is deposited when the current density is far from the limiting current. This morphology first appears only after the bulk deposit is approximately 1 [mu]m thick. In this investigation, the effects of flow rate (Re=0--4000), current density (0--50 mA/cm2), concentration of the electroactive species (0.25 and 0.5 M), and the concentration of supporting electrolyte (3, 6, and 12 M) on the initiation of moss were examined. The rotating concentric cylinder electrode was employed for most of the experiments; and a flow channel was used to study the development of morphology. After the experiment, the deposit was characterized using microscopic, x-ray diffraction, and profilometric techniques. 94 refs., 72 figs.

Batteries

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527827307
Total Pages : 960 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Batteries by : Stefano Passerini

Download or read book Batteries written by Stefano Passerini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry, this comprehensive, two-volume handbook offers an up-to-date and in-depth review of the battery technologies in use today. It also includes information on the most likely candidates that hold the potential for further enhanced energy and power densities. It contains contributions from a renowned panel of international experts in the field. Batteries are extremely commonplace in modern day life. They provide electrochemically stored energy in the form of electricity to automobiles, aircrafts, electronic devices and to smart power grids. Comprehensive in scope, 'Batteries' covers information on well-established battery technologies such as charge-carrier-based lead acid and lithium ion batteries. The contributors also explore current developments on new technologies such as lithium-sulfur and -oxygen, sodium ion, and full organic batteries. Written for electrochemists, physical chemists, and materials scientists, 'Batteries' is an accessible compendium that offers a thorough review of the most relevant current battery technologies and explores the technology in the years to come.

Active Material Redistribution Rates in Zinc Electrodes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Active Material Redistribution Rates in Zinc Electrodes by : James Thomas Nichols

Download or read book Active Material Redistribution Rates in Zinc Electrodes written by James Thomas Nichols and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 956 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Energy Research Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Research Abstracts by :

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

U.S. Government Research Reports

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1118 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Government Research Reports by :

Download or read book U.S. Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Zinc Batteries

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119661897
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Zinc Batteries by : Rajender Boddula

Download or read book Zinc Batteries written by Rajender Boddula and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Battery technology is constantly changing, and the concepts and applications of these changes are rapidly becoming increasingly more important as more and more industries and individuals continue to make “greener” choices in their energy sources. As global dependence on fossil fuels slowly wanes, there is a heavier and heavier importance placed on cleaner power sources and methods for storing and transporting that power. Battery technology is a huge part of this global energy revolution. Zinc batteries are an advantageous choice over lithium-based batteries, which have dominated the market for years in multiple areas, most specifically in electric vehicles and other battery-powered devices. Zinc is the fourth most abundant metal in the world, which is influential in its lower cost, making it a very attractive material for use in batteries. Zinc-based batteries have been around since the 1930s, but only now are they taking center stage in the energy, automotive, and other industries. Zinc Batteries: Basics, Developments, and Applicationsis intended as a discussion of the different zinc batteries for energy storage applications. It also provides an in-depth description of various energy storage materials for Zinc (Zn) batteries. This book is an invaluable reference guide for electro­chemists, chemical engineers, students, faculty, and R&D professionals in energy storage science, material science, and renewable energy.

ERDA Energy Research Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1048 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis ERDA Energy Research Abstracts by :

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government Reports Announcements & Index

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1066 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985-12 with total page 1066 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Technical Abstract Bulletin

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 912 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Technical Abstract Bulletin by :

Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

U.S. Government Research & Development Reports

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1014 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Government Research & Development Reports by :

Download or read book U.S. Government Research & Development Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1966-11 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Inventory of Advanced Energy Technologies and Energy Conservation Research and Development, 1976-1978

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1318 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Inventory of Advanced Energy Technologies and Energy Conservation Research and Development, 1976-1978 by : Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Download or read book Inventory of Advanced Energy Technologies and Energy Conservation Research and Development, 1976-1978 written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

An Investigation of Zinc Electrodes Relevant to Zinc-air Batteries

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis An Investigation of Zinc Electrodes Relevant to Zinc-air Batteries by : Hyeon-Soo Choi

Download or read book An Investigation of Zinc Electrodes Relevant to Zinc-air Batteries written by Hyeon-Soo Choi and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: