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A Study Of Some Nickel Catalysts For Hydrogenation Of Sixteen Organic Compounds
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Book Synopsis A Study of Some Nickel Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Sixteen Organic Compounds by : Robert Bethel Reynolds
Download or read book A Study of Some Nickel Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Sixteen Organic Compounds written by Robert Bethel Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reactions of Hydrogen with Organic Compounds Over Copper-chromium Oxide and Nickel Catalysts by : Homer Adkins
Download or read book Reactions of Hydrogen with Organic Compounds Over Copper-chromium Oxide and Nickel Catalysts written by Homer Adkins and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reactions of Hydrogen with Organic Compounds Over Copper-chromium Oxide and Nickel Catalysts by : Homer Burton Adkins
Download or read book Reactions of Hydrogen with Organic Compounds Over Copper-chromium Oxide and Nickel Catalysts written by Homer Burton Adkins and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Review of Literature on the Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds in the Presence of Nickel Catalysts at Ordinary Pressure and Temperature by : W. J. Kirkpatrick
Download or read book Review of Literature on the Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds in the Presence of Nickel Catalysts at Ordinary Pressure and Temperature written by W. J. Kirkpatrick and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nickel Catalysis in Organic Synthesis by : Sensuke Ogoshi
Download or read book Nickel Catalysis in Organic Synthesis written by Sensuke Ogoshi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference to nickel chemistry for every scientist working with organometallic catalysts Written by one of the world?s leading reseachers in the field, Nickel Catalysis in Organic Synthesis presents a comprehensive review of the high potential of modern nickel catalysis and its application in synthesis. Structured in a clear and assessible manner, the book offers a collection of various reaction types, such as cross-coupling reactions, reactions for the activation of unreactive bonds, carbon dioxide fixation, and many more. Nickel has been recognized as one of the most interesting transition metals for homogeneous catalysis. This book offers an overview to the recently developed new ligands, new reaction conditions, and new apparatus to control the reactivity of nickel catalysts, allowing scientists to apply nickel catalysts to a variety of bond-forming reactions. A must-read for anyone working with organometallic compounds and their application in organic synthesis, this important guide: -Reviews the numerous applications of nickel catalysis in synthesis -Explores the use of nickel as a relatively cheap and earth-abundant metal -Examines the versatility of nickel catalysis in reactions like cross-coupling reactions and CH activations -Offers a resource for academics and industry professionals Written for catalytic chemists, organic chemists, inorganic chemists, structural chemists, and chemists in industry, Nickel Catalysis in Organic Synthesis provides a much-needed overview of the most recent developments in modern nickel catalysis and its application in synthesis.
Book Synopsis Hydrogenation with Reduced Nickel Salts as Catalysts by : Robert Morton Fought
Download or read book Hydrogenation with Reduced Nickel Salts as Catalysts written by Robert Morton Fought and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of the Mechanism of the Catalytic Decomposition of Esters by Nickel by : Charles Nelson Ott
Download or read book A Study of the Mechanism of the Catalytic Decomposition of Esters by Nickel written by Charles Nelson Ott and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alternative Solvents for Green Chemistry by : Francesca Kerton
Download or read book Alternative Solvents for Green Chemistry written by Francesca Kerton and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyone is becoming more environmentally conscious and therefore, chemical processes are being developed with their environmental burden in mind. This also means that more traditional chemical methods are being replaced with new innovations and this includes new solvents. Solvents are everywhere, but how necessary are they? They are used in most areas including synthetic chemistry, analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical production and processing, the food and flavour industry and the materials and coatings sectors. However, the principles of green chemistry guide us to use less of them, or to use safer, more environmentally friendly solvents if they are essential. Therefore, we should always ask ourselves, do we really need a solvent? Green chemistry, as a relatively new sub-discipline, is a rapidly growing field of research. Alternative solvents - including supercritical fluids and room temperature ionic liquids - form a significant portion of research in green chemistry. This is in part due to the hazards of many conventional solvents (e.g. toxicity and flammability) and the significant contribution that solvents make to the waste generated in many chemical processes. Solvents are important in analytical chemistry, product purification, extraction and separation technologies, and also in the modification of materials. Therefore, in order to make chemistry more sustainable in these fields, a knowledge of alternative, greener solvents is important. This book, which is part of a green chemistry series, uses examples that tie in with the 12 principles of green chemistry e.g. atom efficient reactions in benign solvents and processing of renewable chemicals/materials in green solvents. Readers get an overview of the many different kinds of solvents, written in such a way to make the book appropriate to newcomers to the field and prepare them for the 'green choices' available. The book also removes some of the mystique associated with 'alternative solvent' choices and includes information on solvents in different fields of chemistry such as analytical and materials chemistry in addition to catalysis and synthesis. The latest research developments, not covered elsewhere, are included such as switchable solvents and biosolvents. Also, some important areas that are often overlooked are described such as naturally sourced solvents (including ethanol and ethyl lactate) and liquid polymers (including poly(ethyleneglycol) and poly(dimethylsiloxane)). As well as these additional alternative solvents being included, the book takes a more general approach to solvents, not just focusing on the use of solvents in synthetic chemistry. Applications of solvents in areas such as analysis are overviewed in addition to the more widely recognised uses of alternative solvents in organic synthesis. Unfortunately, as the book shows, there is no universal green solvent and readers must ascertain their best options based on prior chemistry, cost, environmental benefits and other factors. It is important to try and minimize the number of solvent changes in a chemical process and therefore, the importance of solvents in product purification, extraction and separation technologies are highlighted. The book is aimed at newcomers to the field whether research students beginning investigations towards their thesis or industrial researchers curious to find out if an alternative solvent would be suitable in their work.
Download or read book Catalysis written by James Spivey and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysts are required for a variety of applications and researchers are increasingly challenged to find cost effective and environmentally benign catalysts to use. This volume looks at modern approaches to catalysis and reviews the extensive literature. Chapters highlight reactions active under oxidative coupling of methane conditions and how they are interlinked, heterogeneous nickel catalysts and their use in laboratory and industry, the reaction mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis with the surface science probe, the concepts of electroless deposition (ED) methods for preparation of true bimetallic catalysts, the general subject of metal-support interactions occurring over ruthenium-based catalysts and benzene as the target volatile organic compound (VOC). Appealing broadly to researchers in academia and industry, these illustrative chapters bridge the gap from academic studies in the laboratory to practical applications in industry not only for catalysis field but also for environmental protection. The book will be of great benefit to any researcher wanting a succinct reference on developments in this area now and looking to the future.
Book Synopsis The Reactions of Hydrogen with Organic Compounds in the Liquid Phase Over Raney Nickel Catalysts by : B. V. Aller
Download or read book The Reactions of Hydrogen with Organic Compounds in the Liquid Phase Over Raney Nickel Catalysts written by B. V. Aller and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalytic Hydrogenation by : L. Cervený
Download or read book Catalytic Hydrogenation written by L. Cervený and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1986-08-01 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collection of contributions in this volume presents the most up-to-date findings in catalytic hydrogenation. The individual chapters have been written by 36 top specialists each of whom has achieved a remarkable depth of coverage when dealing with his particular topic. In addition to detailed treatment of the most recent problems connected with catalytic hydrogenations, the book also contains a number of previously unpublished results obtained either by the authors themselves or within the organizations to which they are affiliated.Because of its topical and original character, the book provides a wealth of information which will be invaluable not only to researchers and technicians dealing with hydrogenation, but also to all those concerned with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, organic technology, petrochemistry and chemical engineering.
Book Synopsis Catalysis by Nickel of the Reduction of Various Organic Compounds with Hydrogen at Pressures of from 20 to 400 Atmospheres by : Howard Irving Cramer
Download or read book Catalysis by Nickel of the Reduction of Various Organic Compounds with Hydrogen at Pressures of from 20 to 400 Atmospheres written by Howard Irving Cramer and published by . This book was released on 1929 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogenation Catalysts by : Robert J. Peterson
Download or read book Hydrogenation Catalysts written by Robert J. Peterson and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1977 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nickel-based Catalysts for Gasification of Glucose in Supercritical Wate by : Muhammad Badrul Islam Chowdhury
Download or read book Nickel-based Catalysts for Gasification of Glucose in Supercritical Wate written by Muhammad Badrul Islam Chowdhury and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gasification of waste biomass to form hydrogen, H2, is a promising new source of green energy; while providing the additional benefit of treating challenging and hazardous waste streams that pollute the environment. Gasification of biomass in supercritical water (SCW) offers an attractive alternative to avoid the energy intensive drying process. In this approach, biomass is hydrolyzed by water into smaller molecules in the presence of a suitable catalyst. This study was aimed at developing an alumina supported nickel based non-noble metal catalyst suitable for biomass gasification in SCW. A lack of detailed characterization on fresh and spent catalysts in SCW has held back progress in this field and is critical due to the highly unusual properties of SCW at high pressure and temperature compared to ambient water. Typically hydrogen rich gaseous product from gasification of biomass in SCW requires temperatures higher than 700 °C, while low temperature processes (300-500 °C) produce methane rich gases. Use of suitable catalysts can lower the activation energy of the reaction, and hydrogen rich gaseous products can be achieved at low temperatures thus lower the operating cost. Use of suitable catalysts also can reduce the formation of chars and tars formed during the gasification process in SCW. Moreover, non-noble catalysts could be beneficial in terms of availability and cost. A kinetic study of SCW gasification is still under development due to the numerous intermediate and final products and complex reaction pathways. In this research, supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and partial oxidation (SCWPO) of a model biomass compound was studied to produce hydrogen rich syngas at lower temperatures (400-500 °C). In this respect non-noble nickel catalysts were synthesized, evaluated and characterized (fresh and spent) to study the catalyst role in SCWG. The catalysts studied were synthesized via incipient wetness impregnation of metal salts on synthesized?-alumina nanofibers and commercial gamma alumina (converted to theta) pellets (3mm average diameter) as catalyst supports. To synthesize nano structured catalyst supports (alumina nanofibers); a one-pot sol-gel route in scCO2 was adopted without using any hazardous organic solvents, surfactants or other additives for the first time. Aerogel nano catalysts were also directly synthesized via a sol-gel technique using isopropanol as solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as the drying agent. In this research, it was found that introduction of oxidant after gasification is beneficial in terms of gaseous products and reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the liquid effluents. Another finding is that nickel (Ni) loading on alumina above 11 wt% consumed carbon dioxide with a simultaneous increase in methane attributed to hydrogen consumption by the methanation reaction. However, lanthanum (La) modified Ni/?-Al2O3 enhanced production of hydrogen by retarding the methanation reaction and promoting the water gas shift (WGS) reaction. In addition, adsorption of CO2, one of the main products, by La was attributed to shifting the reaction equilibrium to the products and thus contributed to enhance hydrogen production. Nano catalysts showed higher activity towards hydrogen production, carbon gasification efficiency and total organic carbon (TOC) destruction in the liquid effluent compared to coarser heterogeneous catalysts. However, hydrogen production using aerogel catalysts where metals were loaded directly through sol-gel reaction was found comparatively less than nanofiber catalysts where metals were impregnated on the nano support. This phenomenon was attributed to the formation of Ni-La-Al-O nano structure complex by direct addition of metals during sol-gel reaction. Unlike impregnated catalysts, incorporation of La to the main structure of the sol-gel derived catalysts could not contribute to enhance the WGS reaction. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized using different physicochemical techniques which revealed that the catalysts were active in SCW even though the metallic sites of nickel agglomerated when exposed to SCW conditions, oxidized and reacted with the support alumina. It was found that lanthanum retards the formation of graphitic coke, and adsorbed carbon dioxide during supercritical water gasification. To our knowledge, hydrogen yield, total organic carbon destruction and gasification efficiency were significantly higher using La modified Ni/?-Al2O3 nano catalyst fibers than that of any other reported results of SCWG of any biomass compound at moderate temperatures (~500 °C) and pressures (~28 MPa). However, exposing the nanofiber catalysts to the SCW environment led to disintegration of the fibrous structure. A global kinetic model for TOC destruction in supercritical water was developed using non-linear regression, which convincingly fit with the experimental results.
Book Synopsis A Study of Some Raney Nickel Catalyzed Reactions by : Keith Oliver Wade
Download or read book A Study of Some Raney Nickel Catalyzed Reactions written by Keith Oliver Wade and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of Nickel Catalysts for the Synthesis of Methane from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen by : Fakirjee Sorabjee Mehta
Download or read book A Study of Nickel Catalysts for the Synthesis of Methane from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen written by Fakirjee Sorabjee Mehta and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Supported Nickel-Based Catalysts for Partial Hydrogenation of Edible Oils by : Miroslav Stanković
Download or read book Supported Nickel-Based Catalysts for Partial Hydrogenation of Edible Oils written by Miroslav Stanković and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nickel-based catalysts, supported on diatomite, silica gel and perlite, with high nickel loadings, have been prepared by precipitation-deposition method. Various nickel precursor salts were used for the preparation of catalyst precursors. In the precursor state, the catalysts were characterized using nitrogen physisorption, mercury porosimetry, infrared, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The reducibility of catalyst precursors was evaluated using hydrogen temperature programmed reduction. Hydrogen chemisorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were performed with the aim of characterizing the chemical state of the catalyst precursors. This research was focused on the study of some major factors on the state, dispersion and reducibility of a deposited Ni2+ phase by the combined use of mentioned experimental techniques. We have examined the influence of the nature of support and the use of modifiers on activity of nickel-based catalysts in the partial hydrogenation of sunflower and soybean oils. Nitrogen physisorption and mercury porosimetry data showed that synthesis operating conditions and pore structure of supports have a profound effect on the textural properties of catalyst precursors. The analysis of infrared and X-ray diffraction spectra showed the existence of chemical species and phases which indicate the different extent of interaction between the support and the active metal. Temperature programmed reduction study revealed that the reduction features depend on the identity of the nickel precursor salt and its interaction with the support. A stronger interaction of the supported Ni2+ phase with support hinders the reduction of catalyst precursors. Hydrogen chemisorption results showed the presence of nickel crystallites varying from 5 to 47 nm in size. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirmed the formation surface species with different strength of interaction and different nickel crystallite sizes. The hydrogenation results showed significant differences, depending on the support and the modifier, as well as structural characteristics of reduced catalyst precursors. The results show the importance of modifiers in the control of the activity and selectivity of the partial hydrogenation process. The developed kinetic models of the hydrogenation of soybean and sunflower oils over studied catalytic systems were found useful in the prediction of the rate of reactions, product selectivity and catalytic activity.
