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A Study Of Scaling For Intercycle Ice Accretion Tests Nasa Cr 2003 211825 National Aeronautics And Space Administration June 2003
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Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721588008 Total Pages :34 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (88 download)
Book Synopsis Quantification of Ice Accretions for Icing Scaling Evaluations by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Quantification of Ice Accretions for Icing Scaling Evaluations written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The comparison of ice accretion characteristics is an integral part of aircraft icing research. It is often necessary to compare an ice accretion obtained from a flight test or numerical simulation to one produced in an icing wind tunnel or for validation of an icing scaling method. Traditionally, this has been accomplished by overlaying two-dimensional tracings of ice accretion shapes. This paper addresses the basic question of how to compare ice accretions using more quantitative methods. For simplicity, geometric characteristics of the ice accretions are used for the comparison. One method evaluated is a direct comparison of the percent differences of the geometric measurements. The second method inputs these measurements into a fuzzy inference system to obtain a single measure of the goodness of the comparison. The procedures are demonstrated by comparing ice shapes obtained in the Icing Research Tunnel at NASA Glenn Research Center during recent icing scaling tests. The results demonstrate that this type of analysis is useful in quantifying the similarity of ice accretion shapes and that the procedures should be further developed by expanding the analysis to additional icing data sets. Ruff, Gary A. and Anderson, David N. Glenn Research Center NASA/TM-2003-212308, NAS 1.15:212308, E-13891, AIAA Paper 98-0195
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721577545 Total Pages :34 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (775 download)
Book Synopsis Measurement and Correlation of Ice Accretion Roughness by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Measurement and Correlation of Ice Accretion Roughness written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements were taken of the roughness characteristics of ice accreted on NACA 0012 airfoils in the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). Tests were conducted with size scaled, using models with chords of 26.7, 53.3, and 80.0 cm, and with liquid-water content scaled, both according to previously-tested scaling methods. The width of the smooth zone which forms on either side of the leading edge of the airfoil and the diameter of the roughness elements are presented in non-dimensional form as functions of the accumulation parameter. The smooth-zone width was found to decrease with increasing accumulation parameter. The roughness-element diameter increased with accumulation parameter until a plateau was reached. This maximum diameter was about 0.06 times twice the model leading-edge radius. Neither smooth-zone width nor element diameter were affected by a change in freezing fraction from 0.2 to 0.4. Both roughness characteristics appeared to scale with model size and with liquid-water content. Anderson, David N. and Hentschel, Daniel B. and Ruff, Gary A. Glenn Research Center NASA/CR-2003-211823, E-13515, NAS 1.26:211823, AIAA Paper 98-0486
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721799886 Total Pages :38 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (998 download)
Book Synopsis Overview of Icing Physics Relevant to Scaling by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Overview of Icing Physics Relevant to Scaling written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-24 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of icing physics is required for the development of both scaling methods and ice-accretion prediction codes. This paper gives an overview of our present understanding of the important physical processes and the associated similarity parameters that determine the shape of Appendix C ice accretions. For many years it has been recognized that ice accretion processes depend on flow effects over the model, on droplet trajectories, on the rate of water collection and time of exposure, and, for glaze ice, on a heat balance. For scaling applications, equations describing these events have been based on analyses at the stagnation line of the model and have resulted in the identification of several non-dimensional similarity parameters. The parameters include the modified inertia parameter of the water drop, the accumulation parameter and the freezing fraction. Other parameters dealing with the leading edge heat balance have also been used for convenience. By equating scale expressions for these parameters to the values to be simulated a set of equations is produced which can be solved for the scale test conditions. Studies in the past few years have shown that at least one parameter in addition to those mentioned above is needed to describe surface-water effects, and some of the traditional parameters may not be as significant as once thought. Insight into the importance of each parameter, and the physical processes it represents, can be made by viewing whether ice shapes change, and the extent of the change, when each parameter is varied. Experimental evidence is presented to establish the importance of each of the traditionally used parameters and to identify the possible form of a new similarity parameter to be used for scaling. Anderson, David N. and Tsao, Jen-Ching Glenn Research Center NASA/CR-2005-213851, Rept-2003-01-2130, E-15221
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721799855 Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (998 download)
Book Synopsis Additional Results of Ice-Accretion Scaling at Sld Conditions by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Additional Results of Ice-Accretion Scaling at Sld Conditions written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-24 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine scale velocity an additional similarity parameter is needed to supplement the Ruff scaling method. A Weber number based on water droplet MVD has been included in several studies because the effect of droplet splashing on ice accretion was believed to be important, particularly for SLD conditions. In the present study, ice shapes recorded at Appendix-C conditions and recent results at SLD conditions are reviewed to show that droplet diameter cannot be important to main ice shape, and for low airspeeds splashing does not appear to affect SLD ice shapes. Evidence is presented to show that while a supplementary similarity parameter probably has the form of a Weber number, it must be based on a length proportional to model size rather than MVD. Scaling comparisons were made between SLD reference conditions and Appendix-C scale conditions using this Weber number. Scale-to-reference model size ratios were 1:1.7 and 1:3.4. The reference tests used a 91-cm-chord NACA 0012 model with a velocity of approximately 50 m/s and an MVD of 160 m. Freezing fractions of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were included in the study. Bond, Thomas H. (Technical Monitor) and Anderson, David N. and Tsao, Jen-Ching Glenn Research Center NASA/CR-2005-213850, E-15220, AIAA Paper 2003-0390
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721800018 Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Evaluation and Validation of the Messinger Freezing Fraction by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Evaluation and Validation of the Messinger Freezing Fraction written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-24 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important non-dimensional parameters used in ice-accretion modeling and scaling studies is the freezing fraction defined by the heat-balance analysis of Messinger. For fifty years this parameter has been used to indicate how rapidly freezing takes place when super-cooled water strikes a solid body. The value ranges from 0 (no freezing) to 1 (water freezes immediately on impact), and the magnitude has been shown to play a major role in determining the physical appearance of the accreted ice. Because of its importance to ice shape, this parameter and the physics underlying the expressions used to calculate it have been questioned from time to time. Until now, there has been no strong evidence either validating or casting doubt on the current expressions. This paper presents experimental measurements of the leading-edge thickness of a number of ice shapes for a variety of test conditions with nominal freezing fractions from 0.3 to 1.0. From these thickness measurements, experimental freezing fractions were calculated and compared with values found from the Messinger analysis as applied by Ruff. Within the experimental uncertainty of measuring the leading-edge thickness, agreement of the experimental and analytical freezing fraction was very good. It is also shown that values of analytical freezing fraction were entirely consistent with observed ice shapes at and near rime conditions: At an analytical freezing fraction of unity, experimental ice shapes displayed the classic rime shape, while for conditions producing analytical freezing fractions slightly lower than unity, glaze features started to appear. Anderson, David N. and Tsao, Jen-Ching Glenn Research Center NASA/CR-2005-213852, AIAA Paper 2003-1218, E-15222
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722936198 Total Pages :136 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (361 download)
Book Synopsis An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Ice Accretion Process During Artificial and Natural Icing Conditions by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Ice Accretion Process During Artificial and Natural Icing Conditions written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real-time measurements of ice growth during artificial and natural icing conditions were conducted using an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. This technique allows ice thickness to be measured with an accuracy of + or - 0.5 mm; in addition, the ultrasonic signal characteristics may be used to detect the presence of liquid on the ice surface and hence discern wet and dry ice growth behavior. Ice growth was measured on the stagnation line of a cylinder exposed to artificial icing conditions in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel (IRT), and similarly for a cylinder exposed in flight to natural icing conditions. Ice thickness was observed to increase approximately linearly with exposure time during the initial icing period. The ice accretion rate was found to vary with cloud temperature during wet ice growth, and liquid runback from the stagnation region was inferred. A steady-state energy balance model for the icing surface was used to compare heat transfer characteristics for IRT and natural icing conditions. Ultrasonic measurements of wet and dry ice growth observed in the IRT and in flight were compared with icing regimes predicted by a series of heat transfer coefficients. The heat transfer magnitude was generally inferred to be higher for the IRT than for the natural icing conditions encountered in flight. An apparent variation in the heat transfer magnitude was also observed for flights conducted through different natural icing-cloud formations. Kirby, Mark S. and Hansman, R. John Unspecified Center AIRCRAFT HAZARDS; DEPOSITION; FLIGHT TESTS; ICE FORMATION; WATER VAPOR; WIND TUNNEL TESTS; ACCURACY; CLOUDS; HEAT TRANSFER; PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS; SUPERCOOLING; THICKNESS; ULTRASONIC TESTS...
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781725107144 Total Pages :30 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (71 download)
Book Synopsis An Overview of Shed Ice Impact in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book An Overview of Shed Ice Impact in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the areas of active research in commercial and military rotorcraft is directed toward developing the capability of sustained flight in icing conditions. The emphasis to date has been on the accretion and subsequent shedding of ice in an icing environment, where the shedding may be natural or induced. Historically, shed-ice particles have been a problem for aircraft, particularly rotorcraft. Because of the high particle velocities involved, damage to a fuselage or other airframe component from a shed-ice impact can be significant. Design rules for damage tolerance from shed-ice impact are not well developed because of a lack of experimental data. Thus, NASA Lewis (LeRC) has begun an effort to develop a database of impact force and energy resulting from shed ice. This effort consisted of a test of NASA LeRC's Model Rotor Test Rig (MRTR) in the Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). Both natural shedding and forced shedding were investigated. Forced shedding was achieved by fitting the rotor blades with Small Tube Pneumatic (STP) deicer boots manufactured by BF Goodrich. A detailed description of the test is given as well as the design of a new impact sensor which measures the force-time history of an impacting ice fragment. A brief discussion of the procedure to infer impact energy from a force-time trace are required for the impact-energy calculations. Recommendations and future plans for this research area are also provided. Bond, Thomas H. and Britton, Randall K. Glenn Research Center NASA-TM-105969, E-7492, NAS 1.15:105969, AIAA PAPER 93-0301 ...
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721083466 Total Pages :182 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (834 download)
Book Synopsis User Manual for the NASA Glenn Ice Accretion Code Lewice by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book User Manual for the NASA Glenn Ice Accretion Code Lewice written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A research project is underway at NASA Glenn to produce a computer code which can accurately predict ice growth under a wide range of meteorological conditions for any aircraft surface. This report will present a description of the code inputs and outputs from version 2.0 of this code, which is called LEWICE. This version differs from previous releases due to its robustness and its ability to reproduce results accurately for different spacing and time step criteria across computing platform. It also differs in the extensive effort undertaken to compare the results against the database of ice shapes which have been generated in the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) 1. This report will only describe the features of the code related to the use of the program. The report will not describe the inner working of the code or the physical models used. This information is available in the form of several unpublished documents which will be collectively referred to as a Programmers Manual for LEWICE 2 in this report. These reports are intended as an update/replacement for all previous user manuals of LEWICE. In addition to describing the changes and improvements made for this version, information from previous manuals may be duplicated so that the user will not need to consult previous manuals to use this code. Wright, William B. Glenn Research Center NAS3-98008; RTOP 548-20-23
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721781324 Total Pages :26 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (813 download)
Book Synopsis Preliminary Investigation of Ice Shape Sensitivity to Parameter Variations by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Preliminary Investigation of Ice Shape Sensitivity to Parameter Variations written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-24 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A parameter sensitivity study was conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center's Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) using a 36 in. chord (0.91 m) NACA-0012 airfoil. The objective of this preliminary work was to investigate the feasibility of using ice shape feature changes to define requirements for the simulation and measurement of SLD icing conditions. It was desired to identify the minimum change (threshold) in a parameter value, which yielded an observable change in the ice shape. Liquid Water Content (LWC), drop size distribution (MVD), and tunnel static temperature were varied about a nominal value, and the effects of these parameter changes on the resulting ice shapes were documented. The resulting differences in ice shapes were compared on the basis of qualitative and quantitative criteria (e.g., mass, ice horn thickness, ice horn angle, icing limits, and iced area). This paper will provide a description of the experimental method, present selected experimental results, and conclude with an evaluation of these results, followed by a discussion of recommendations for future research. Miller, Dean R. and Potapczuk, Mark G. and Langhals, Tammy J. Glenn Research Center NASA/TM-2005-213562, E-15008, AIAA Paper 2005-0073
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722473754 Total Pages :28 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (737 download)
Book Synopsis Parameterization and Scaling of Arctic Ice Conditions in the Context of Ice-Atmosphere Processes by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Parameterization and Scaling of Arctic Ice Conditions in the Context of Ice-Atmosphere Processes written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes achievements during year three of our project to investigate the use of ERS-1 SAR data to study Arctic ice and ice/atmosphere processes. The project was granted a one year extension, and goals for the final year are outlined. The specific objects of the project are to determine how the development and evolution of open water/thin ice areas within the interior ice pack vary under different atmospheric synoptic regimes; compare how open water/thin ice fractions estimated from large-area divergence measurements differ from fractions determined by summing localized openings in the pack; relate these questions of scale and process to methods of observation, modeling, and averaging over time and space; determine whether SAR data might be used to calibrate ice concentration estimates from medium and low-rate bit sensors (AVHRR and DMSP-OLS) and the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I); and investigate methods to integrate SAR data for turbulent heat flux parametrization at the atmosphere interface with other satellite data. Barry, R. G. and Heinrichs, J. and Steffen, K. and Maslanik, J. A. and Key, J. and Serreze, M. C. and Weaver, R. W. Unspecified Center NAGW-2598...
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781720572749 Total Pages :98 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (727 download)
Book Synopsis High-Strain-Rate Compression Testing of Ice by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book High-Strain-Rate Compression Testing of Ice written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the present study a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was employed to study the effect of strain rate on the dynamic material response of ice. Disk-shaped ice specimens with flat, parallel end faces were either provided by Dartmouth College (Hanover, NH) or grown at Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland, OH). The SHPB was adapted to perform tests at high strain rates in the range 60 to 1400/s at test temperatures of -10 and -30 C. Experimental results showed that the strength of ice increases with increasing strain rates and this occurs over a change in strain rate of five orders of magnitude. Under these strain rate conditions the ice microstructure has a slight influence on the strength, but it is much less than the influence it has under quasi-static loading conditions. End constraint and frictional effects do not influence the compression tests like they do at slower strain rates, and therefore the diameter/thickness ratio of the samples is not as critical. The strength of ice at high strain rates was found to increase with decreasing test temperatures. Ice has been identified as a potential source of debris to impact the shuttle; data presented in this report can be used to validate and/or develop material models for ice impact analyses for shuttle Return to Flight efforts.Shazly, Mostafa and Prakash, Vikas and Lerch, Bradley A.Glenn Research CenterDYNAMIC RESPONSE; STRAIN RATE; ICE; COMPRESSION TESTS; MICROSTRUCTURE; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FLIGHTS; THICKNESS RATIO; FRICTION FACTOR
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781725015722 Total Pages :28 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (157 download)
Book Synopsis A Preliminary Study on Ice Shape Tracing with a Laser Light Sheet by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book A Preliminary Study on Ice Shape Tracing with a Laser Light Sheet written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preliminary work towards the development of an automated method of measuring the shape of ice forming on an airfoil during wind tunnel tests has been completed. A thin sheet of light illuminated the front surfaces of rime, glaze, and mixed ice shapes and a solid-state camera recorded images of each. A maximum intensity algorithm extracted the profiles of the ice shapes and the results were compared to hand tracings. Very good general agreement was found in each case. Mercer, Carolyn R. and Vargas, Mario and Oldenburg, John R. Glenn Research Center NASA-TM-105964, E-7375-1, NAS 1.15:105964 RTOP 505-68-10...
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781792726156 Total Pages :30 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (261 download)
Book Synopsis Parameterization and Scaling of Arctic Ice Conditions in the Context of Ice-Atmospheric Processes by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Parameterization and Scaling of Arctic Ice Conditions in the Context of Ice-Atmospheric Processes written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goals of this project are to observe how the open water/thin ice fraction in a high-concentration ice pack responds to different short-period atmospheric forcings, and how this response is represented in different scales of observation. The objectives can be summarized as follows: determine the feasibility and accuracy of ice concentration and ice typing by ERS-1 SAR backscatter data, and whether SAR data might be used to calibrate concentration estimates from optical and massive-microwave sensors; investigate methods to integrate SAR data with other satellite data for turbulent heat flux parameterization at the ocean/atmosphere interface; determine how the development and evolution of open water/thin ice areas within the interior ice pack vary under different atmospheric synoptic regimes; compare how open-water/thin ice fractions estimated from large-area divergence measurements differ from fractions determined by summing localized openings in the pack; relate these questions of scale and process to methods of observation, modeling, and averaging over time and space. Barry, R. G. and Steffen, K. and Heinrichs, J. F. and Key, J. R. and Maslanik, J. A. and Serreze, M. C. and Weaver, R. L. NASA-CR-200179, NAS 1.26:200179, NIPS-96-08477 NAGW-2598...
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781723479090 Total Pages :144 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (79 download)
Book Synopsis Users Manual for the NASA Lewis Three-Dimensional Ice Accretion Code (Lewice 3d) by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Users Manual for the NASA Lewis Three-Dimensional Ice Accretion Code (Lewice 3d) written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A description of the methodology, the algorithms, and the input and output data along with an example case for the NASA Lewis 3D ice accretion code (LEWICE3D) has been produced. The manual has been designed to help the user understand the capabilities, the methodologies, and the use of the code. The LEWICE3D code is a conglomeration of several codes for the purpose of calculating ice shapes on three-dimensional external surfaces. A three-dimensional external flow panel code is incorporated which has the capability of calculating flow about arbitrary 3D lifting and nonlifting bodies with external flow. A fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme is used to calculate arbitrary streamlines. An Adams type predictor-corrector trajectory integration scheme has been included to calculate arbitrary trajectories. Schemes for calculating tangent trajectories, collection efficiencies, and concentration factors for arbitrary regions of interest for single droplets or droplet distributions have been incorporated. A LEWICE 2D based heat transfer algorithm can be used to calculate ice accretions along surface streamlines. A geometry modification scheme is incorporated which calculates the new geometry based on the ice accretions generated at each section of interest. The three-dimensional ice accretion calculation is based on the LEWICE 2D calculation. Both codes calculate the flow, pressure distribution, and collection efficiency distribution along surface streamlines. For both codes the heat transfer calculation is divided into two regions, one above the stagnation point and one below the stagnation point, and solved for each region assuming a flat plate with pressure distribution. Water is assumed to follow the surface streamlines, hence starting at the stagnation zone any water that is not frozen out at a control volume is assumed to run back into the next control volume. After the amount of frozen water at each control volume has been calculated the geometry is modified by ...
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781726238731 Total Pages :86 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (387 download)
Book Synopsis Characterization of Ice for Return-To-Flight of the Space Shuttle. Part 2; Soft Ice by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Characterization of Ice for Return-To-Flight of the Space Shuttle. Part 2; Soft Ice written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In support of characterizing ice debris for return-to-flight (RTF) of NASA's space shuttle, we have determined the microstructure, density and compressive strength (at -10 C at approximately 0.3 per second) of porous or soft ice that was produced from both atmospheric water and consolidated snow. The study showed that the atmospheric material was generally composed of a mixture of very fine (0.1 to 0.3 millimeters) and coarser (5 to 10 millimeter) grains, plus air bubbles distributed preferentially within the more finely-grained part of the microstructure. The snow ice was composed of even finer grains (approximately 0.05 millimeters) and contained more pores. Correspondingly, the snow ice was of lower density than the atmospheric ice and both materials were significantly less dense than hard ice. The atmospheric ice was stronger (approximately 3.8 MPa) than the snow ice (approximately 1.9 MPa), but weaker by a factor of 2 to 5 than pore-free hard ice deformed under the same conditions. Zero Values are given for Young's modulus, compressive strength and Poisson's ratio that can be used for modeling soft ice from the external tank (ET).Schulson, Erland M. and Iliescu, DanielGlenn Research CenterNASA SPACE PROGRAMS; SPACE SHUTTLES; ICE; EXTERNAL TANKS; CHARACTERIZATION; MODULUS OF ELASTICITY; POISSON RATIO; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPRESSION TESTS; TENSILE STRENGTH; SNOW; DEBRIS...
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781720656531 Total Pages :92 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (565 download)
Book Synopsis Overview of Ice Project by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Overview of Ice Project written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-03 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a prototype integrated environment for interactively exploring, analyzing, and validating information from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computations and experiments. The Integrated CFD and Experiments (ICE) project is a first attempt at providing a researcher with a common user interface for control, manipulation, analysis, and data storage for both experiments and simulation. ICE can be used as a live, on-tine system that displays and archives data as they are gathered; as a postprocessing system for dataset manipulation and analysis; and as a control interface or "steering mechanism" for simulation codes while visualizing the results. Although the full capabilities of ICE have not been completely demonstrated, this report documents the current system. Various applications of ICE are discussed: a low-speed compressor, a supersonic inlet, real-time data visualization, and a parallel-processing simulation code interface. A detailed data model for the compressor application is included in the appendix.Stegeman, James D. and Blech, Richard A. and Babrauckas, Theresa L. and Jones, William H.Glenn Research CenterCOMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION; KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS; SYSTEMS INTEGRATION; DATA STORAGE; DATA ACQUISITION; DISPLAY DEVICES; PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUTERS); PROTOTYPES; REAL TIME OPERATION; SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION; SUPERSONIC INLETS
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722141325 Total Pages :54 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (413 download)
Book Synopsis A Passive Infrared Ice Detection Technique for Helicopter Applications by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book A Passive Infrared Ice Detection Technique for Helicopter Applications written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-02 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A technique has been developed, and successfully tested, to detect icing remotely on helicopter rotor blades. Using passive infrared (IR) thermometry it is possible to detect the warming caused by latent heat released as supercooled water freezes. During icing, the ice accretion region on the leading edge of the blade is found to be warmer than the uniced trailing edge resulting in a chordwise temperature profile characteristic of icing. Preliminary tests, using an IR Thermal video system, were conducted on a static model in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) for a variety of wet (glaze) and dry (rime) ice conditions. A prototype detector system was built consisting of a single point IR pyrometer, and experiments were run on a small scale rotor model. Using this prototype detector, the characteristic chordwise temperature profiles were again observed for a range of icing conditions. Several signal processing methods were investigated, to allow automatic recognition of the icing signature. Additionally, several implementation issues were considered. Based on both the static and subscale rotor tests, where ice was successfully detected, the passive IR technique appears to be promising for rotor ice detection. Dershowitz, Adam L. and Hansman, R. John, Jr. Unspecified Center...
