A Ring Expansion Strategy Toward the Synthesis of Hetisine-Type C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis A Ring Expansion Strategy Toward the Synthesis of Hetisine-Type C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids by : Jessica Kristine Kisunzu

Download or read book A Ring Expansion Strategy Toward the Synthesis of Hetisine-Type C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids written by Jessica Kristine Kisunzu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A benzyne insertion ring expansion strategy toward the synthesis of hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids has been developed. The first chapter of this manuscript presents an introduction to C20-diterpenoid alkaloids and previous synthetic work toward selected target core structures. The second and third chapters outline our ring expansion strategy for the synthesis of the core of the natural product cossonidine and efforts to complete its total synthesis. An overview of the structural and biological properties of C20-diterpenoid alkaloids is provided, as well as a survey of the synthetic studies that have been carried out thus far toward natural products containing the hetidine and hetisine-type framework. The two existing syntheses of a hetisine-type diterpenoid alkaloid are also described. This review outlines some of the salient structural challenges associated with the synthesis of these compounds, as well as the strategies applied to their construction. An approach involving a ring expansion was developed to access a tricyclic motif conserved in the hetidine and hetisine frameworks. The acyl-alkylation of aryne intermediates by insertion into C-C sigma bonds was applied to several [beta]-ketoesters and aryne precursors to investigate the efficacy of this transformation on complex systems. Three tricyclic intermediates were synthesized that contain functional handles at the appropriate positions for C-N bond formation to construct the hetisine core. With a sequence in place to arrive as several desired tricyclic intermediates, they were then employed to investigate C-N bond formation. A range of conditions was explored, and the desired azabicycle was accessed in 3 steps from the tricyclic scaffold. The requisite [2.2.2] bicycle was then formed in 2 steps to complete the hetisine core. Finally, the synthetic sequence was modified in order to introduce a methyl group necessary for completion of the natural product target. This methylation pathway has been successful in providing the full hetisine core en route to the synthesis of the natural product cossonidine.

Synthetic Strategies Toward Aconitine-type and Hetisine-type Diterpenoid Alkaloids

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (994 download)

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Book Synopsis Synthetic Strategies Toward Aconitine-type and Hetisine-type Diterpenoid Alkaloids by : Jason Jon Pflueger

Download or read book Synthetic Strategies Toward Aconitine-type and Hetisine-type Diterpenoid Alkaloids written by Jason Jon Pflueger and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diterpenoid alkaloid natural products, isolated from plants in the Aconitum, Delphinium, Consolida, and Spiraea genera, possess complex, caged, highly oxygenated skeletons and display potent biological activities through interactions with voltage-gated ion channels. Several of these alkaloids are currently used clinically for the treatment of arrhythmia, while others act as incredibly potent neurotoxins. Until recently, there were very few successful total syntheses of any diterpenoid alkaloid natural products, a testament to the structural complexity of these molecules. We explored synthetic strategies targeting two major types of these natural products: the aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids and the hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids. Initial work explored Diels-Alder cycloadditions with maleic anhydride-derived dienophiles toward the eventual construction of aconitine-type diterpenoid alkaloids. We examined the selective ring-opening of these adducts with a variety of nucleophiles and utilized an ester-stabilized benzylic nucleophile to achieve C-C bond formation with complete positional selectivity. This product was rapidly elaborated to a vinyl lactone intermediate, which following amine addition and oxidation underwent a high-yielding, diastereoselective methylation reaction to install the challenging C18 carbon atom. Synthesis of the hetisine-type diterpenoid alkaloid cossonidine built off of previous work performed in the Sarpong lab. Reexamining the previously-developed route, we optimized several steps and implemented new reactions to increase the yield and reproducibility of the chemistry and reduce the overall step count. Subsequent functional group transformations involving deprotection and inversion of the C1 hydroxyl group and installation of the allylic alcohol moiety completed the first total synthesis of cossonidine. Recognizing the connections between the various diterpenoid alkaloid types, we explored ways to convert the vinyl lactone intermediate developed in our studies toward aconitine-type natural products into the hetisine-type skeleton of cossonidine. Following the introduction of an iodine atom on the aromatic ring, magnesium-halogen exchange leads to an intramolecular cyclization reaction to forge the central 6-7-6 tricycle with carbonyl groups at all three nitrogen-bearing carbon atoms following oxidation. Efforts to install the C18 methyl group and accomplish a triple reductive amination cascade to complete this second-generation total synthesis are ongoing.

Development of a Unified Strategy to the C18-, C19-, and C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (994 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of a Unified Strategy to the C18-, C19-, and C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids by : Christopher James Marth

Download or read book Development of a Unified Strategy to the C18-, C19-, and C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids written by Christopher James Marth and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 of this dissertation lays the foundation for understanding the role diterpenoid alkaloid natural products could play in the development of novel pharmaceuticals and probes for chemical biology applications. The chapter describes ethnomedical uses of Aconitum plants, the bioactivities of select diterpenoid alkaloids, and successful total syntheses of the diterpenoid alkaloids. Chapter 2 details our 'family-oriented' strategy for developing a unified route to the C18-, C19-, and C20-diterpenoid alkaloids. By identifying the common fragments comprising the structural complexity of the diterpenoid alkaloids, we have been able to expedite our retrosynthetic analysis centered on a divergent strategy towards accessing members in each of the families. Chapter 3 describes our efforts at employing the AE ring fragment for the synthesis of the diterpenoid alkaloids. Key to this strategy is the use of a meta-[pi]-arene photocycloaddition reaction for directly constructing the [3.2.1] bicycle of the C18- and C19-diterpenoid alkaloids. Efforts toward accomplishing this objective are detailed herein along with an improved methylenation sequence of the hydrindanone core, a single-step lactone to lactam chemical transformation, and aryl addition attempts to AE bicycle containing substrates. Chapter 4 focuses on our efforts at employing the AEF tricycle in the synthesis of the C18- and C19-diterpenoid alkaloids using cycloaddition strategies. Various meta-[pi]-arene photocycloaddition precursors were synthesized, and a successful substrate was identified. The major differences between the successful and unsuccessful substrates are described in the chapter, as well as efforts towards employing alternative cycloaddition strategies for forging the targeted [3.2.1] bicycle. Chapter 5 details our unified strategy to the diterpenoid alkaloids. Described in this chapter are the rearrangement of the C20-denudatine type [2.2.2] bicycle to the [3.2.1] bicycle of the C18 and C19 natural products, the use of the rearrangement in the synthesis of liljestrandinine (C19), and current work towards the synthesis of weisaconitine D (C18).

Modern Aryne Chemistry

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527346465
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Aryne Chemistry by : Akkattu T. Biju

Download or read book Modern Aryne Chemistry written by Akkattu T. Biju and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking book to offer a a comprehensive account of important reactions involving arynes Modern Aryne Chemistry is the first book on the market to offer a conceptual framework to the reactions related to arynes. It also provides a systematic introduction to the cycloaddition reactions, insertion reactions and transition-metal-catalyzed transformations of arynes. The author, a noted expert on the topic, highlights a novel strategy for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond construction using arynes. The book reveiws the recent use of aryne chemistry for the development of new multicomponent reactions. New advances in this area has shown rapid emergence of a new class of reactions classified under rearrangement reactions. The author also includes information on aryne methods that have been employed for the synthesis of several natural products. The simplicity and sophistication of the synthetic strategy using arynes can serve as a springboard for organic chemists to explore new possibilities and imagine applications of the concept of arynes. This important book: Presents a one-of-kind comprehensive guide to arynes reactions Offers a proven approach to the synthesis of natural product and polymers Reviews the most recent developments in the carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions involving arynes Written for organic, pharmaceutical, medicinal, natural products, and catalytic Chemists, Modern Aryne Chemistry offers a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of reactions related to arynes and the most recent developments in the field.

Total Synthesis of Natural Products

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642340652
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Total Synthesis of Natural Products by : Jie Jack Li

Download or read book Total Synthesis of Natural Products written by Jie Jack Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Total Synthesis of Natural Products' is written and edited by some of today's leaders in organic chemistry. Eleven chapters cover a range of natural products, from steroids to alkaloids. Each chapter contains an introduction to the natural product in question, descriptions of its biological and pharmacological properties and outlines of total synthesis procedures already carried out. Particular emphasis is placed on novel methodologies developed by the respective authors and their research groups. This text is ideal for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, as well as organic chemists in academia and industry.

Elements of Synthesis Planning

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540792201
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Elements of Synthesis Planning by : R. W. Hoffmann

Download or read book Elements of Synthesis Planning written by R. W. Hoffmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-07 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesis is at the core of organic chemistry. In order for compounds to be studied—be it as drugs, materials, or because of their physical properties— they have to be prepared, often in multistep synthetic sequences. Thus, the target compound is at the outset of synthesis planning. Synthesis involves creating the target compound from smaller, readily available building blocks. Immediately, questions arise: From which bui- ing blocks? In which sequence? By which reactions? Nature creates many highly complex “natural products” via reaction cascades, in which an asso- ment of starting compounds present within the cell is transformed by speci c (for each target structure) combinations of modular enzymes in speci c - quences into the target compounds [1, 2]. To mimic this ef ciency is the dream of an ideal synthesis [2]. However, we are at present so far from - alising such a “one-pot” operation that actual synthesis has to be achieved via a sequence of individual discrete steps. Thus, we are left with the task of planning each synthesis individually in an optimal fashion. Synthesis planning must be conducted with regard for certain speci - tions, some of which are due to the structure of the target molecule, and some of which relate to external parameters such as costs, environmental compatibility, or novelty. We will not consider these external aspects in this context. Planning of a synthesis is based on a pool of information regarding chemical reactions that can be executed reliably and in high chemical yield.

Methods and Applications of Cycloaddition Reactions in Organic Syntheses

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118778200
Total Pages : 996 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods and Applications of Cycloaddition Reactions in Organic Syntheses by : Nagatoshi Nishiwaki

Download or read book Methods and Applications of Cycloaddition Reactions in Organic Syntheses written by Nagatoshi Nishiwaki and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-12-17 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced tools for developing new functional materials and applications in chemical research, pharmaceuticals, and materials science Cycloadditions are among the most useful tools for organic chemists, enabling them to build carbocyclic and heterocyclic structures. These structures can then be used to develop a broad range of functional materials, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and optics. With contributions from an international team of leading experts and pioneers in cycloaddition chemistry, this book brings together and reviews recent advances, trends, and emerging research in the field. Methods and Applications of Cycloaddition Reactions in Organic Syntheses focuses on two component cycloadditions, with chapters covering such topics as: N1 unit transfer reaction to C–C double bonds [3+2] Cycloaddition of α, β-unsaturated metal-carbene complexes Formal [3+3] cycloaddition approach to natural product synthesis Development of new methods for the construction of heterocycles based on cycloaddition reaction of 1,3-dipoles Cycloreversion approach for preparation of large π-conjugated compounds Transition metal-catalyzed or mediated [5+1] cycloadditions Readers will learn methods for seamlessly executing important reactions such as Diels-Alder and stereoselective dipolar reactions in order to fabricate heterocyclic compounds, natural products, and functional molecules. The book not only features cutting-edge topics, but also important background information, such as the contributors’ process for developing new methodologies, to help novices become fully adept in the field. References at the end of each chapter lead to original research papers and reviews for facilitating further investigation of individual topics. Covering the state of the science and technology, Methods and Applications of Cycloaddition Reactions in Organic Syntheses enables synthetic organic chemists to advance their research and develop new functional materials and applications in chemical research, pharmaceuticals, and materials science.

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030589757
Total Pages : 781 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Medicinal and Aromatic Plants by : Tariq Aftab

Download or read book Medicinal and Aromatic Plants written by Tariq Aftab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-27 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the concept of history began, humans undoubtedly acquired life benefits by discovering medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) that were food and medicine. Today, a variety of available herbs and spices are used and enjoyed throughout the world and continue to promote good health. The international market is also quite welcoming for MAPs and essential oils. The increasing environment and nature conscious buyers encourage producers to produce high quality essential oils. These consumer choices lead to growing preference for organic and herbal based products in the world market. As the benefits of medicinal and aromatic plants are recognized, these plants will have a special role for humans in the future. Until last century, the production of botanicals relies to a large degree on wild-collection. However, the increasing commercial collection, largely unmonitored trade, and habitat loss lead to an incomparably growing pressure on plant populations in the wild. Therefore, medicinal and aromatic plants are of high priority for conservation. Given the above, we bring forth a comprehensive volume, “Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Healthcare and Industrial Applications”, highlighting the various healthcare, industrial and pharmaceutical applications that are being used on these immensely important MAPs and its future prospects. This collection of chapters from the different areas dealing with MAPs caters to the need of all those who are working or have interest in the above topic.

Name Reactions

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642010539
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Name Reactions by : Jie Jack Li

Download or read book Name Reactions written by Jie Jack Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-14 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book differs from others on name reactions in organic chemistry by focusing on their mechanisms. It covers over 300 classical as well as contemporary name reactions. Biographical sketches for the chemists who discovered or developed those name reactions have been included. Each reaction is delineated by its detailed step-by-step, electron-pushing mechanism, supplemented with the original and the latest references, especially review articles. This book contains major improvements over the previous edition and the subject index is significantly expanded.

Ranunculales Medicinal Plants

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128142332
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Ranunculales Medicinal Plants by : Da-Cheng Hao

Download or read book Ranunculales Medicinal Plants written by Da-Cheng Hao and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ranunculales Medicinal Plants: Biodiversity, Chemodiversity and Pharmacotherapy comprehensively covers this order of flowering plants, detailing the phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, molecular biology, and phylogeny of selected medicinal plants families and genera and their relevance to drug efficacy. The book carries out an exhaustive survey of the literature in order to characterize global trends in the application of flexible technologies. The interrelationship between Chinese species, and between Chinese and non-Chinese species, is inferred through molecular phylogeny and based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequencing. The book discusses the conflict between chemotaxonomy and molecular phylogeny in the context of drug discovery and development. Users will find invaluable and holistic coverage on the study of Ranunculales that will make this the go-to pharmaceutical resource. - Describes current perceptions of biodiversity and chemodiversity of Ranunculales - Explains how the conceptual framework of plant pharmacophylogeny benefits the sustainable exploitation of Ranunculales - Details how Ranunculales medicinal plants work from the chemical level upward - Covers how the polypharmacology of Ranunculales compounds might inspire new chemical entity design and development for improved treatment outcomes

Name Reactions for Carbocyclic Ring Formations

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470872209
Total Pages : 774 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Name Reactions for Carbocyclic Ring Formations by : Jie Jack Li

Download or read book Name Reactions for Carbocyclic Ring Formations written by Jie Jack Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book continues the well-established and authoritative series on name reactions in organic chemistry by focusing on name reactions on ring formation. Ring formating reactions have found widespread applicability in traditional organic synthesis, medicinal/pharmaceuticals, agricultural, fine chemicals, and of late, especially in polymer science.

Modular Chemistry

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789401063531
Total Pages : 677 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (635 download)

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Book Synopsis Modular Chemistry by : Josef Michl

Download or read book Modular Chemistry written by Josef Michl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-06 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modular Chemistry: the First Steps In recent years, there has been increasing interest among chemists, physicists, materials scientists, biologists, engineers, and others in the assembly of well defmed, relatively large functional structures from repetitive units that themselves are molecules of some complexity. Using the dictionary defmition of a module (a detachable section, compartment, or unit with a specific purpose or function, and in electronics, a compact assembly functioning as a component of a larger unit) [1], we feel that this newly emerging field of endeavor could be called "modular chemistry" [2]. The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Modular Chemistry that was held on September 9 to 12, 1995, at Aspen Lodge near Estes Park, Colorado, was meant to bring together prominent contributors to modular chemistry as it is being born, and to examine the associated birth pangs. It was concluded that although real, these are not nearly as bad as giving birth to a hedgehog tail first, and that the ultimate rewards were likely to be far more satisfying in terms of new ideas and enabling methodology. The level of excitement about the possibilities that are opening up for modular chemists, and also the challenge involved, are perhaps best documented by noting that the planned discussion periods at the workshop were as long as the oral presentation periods, and yet, each discussion ran over the allocated time.

Medicinal Plant Research in Africa

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Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0124059368
Total Pages : 917 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Medicinal Plant Research in Africa by : Victor Kuete

Download or read book Medicinal Plant Research in Africa written by Victor Kuete and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-06-19 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmacopoeias of most African countries are available and contain an impressive number of medicinal plants used for various therapeutic purposes. Many African scholars have distinguished themselves in the fields of organic chemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacognosy and other areas related to the study of plant medicinal plants. However, until now, there is no global standard book on the nature and specificity of chemicals isolated in African medicinal plants, as well as a book bringing together and discussing the main bioactive metabolites of these plants. This book explores the essence of natural substances from African medicinal plants and their pharmacological potential. In light of possible academic use, this book also scans the bulk of African medicinal plants extract having promising pharmacological activities. - The book contains data of biologically active plants of Africa, plant occurring compounds and synthesis pathways of secondary metabolites - This book explores the essence of natural substances from African medicinal plants and their pharmacological potential - The authors are world reknowned African Scientists

Isoquinoline Alkaloids Research 1972–1977

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461588197
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Isoquinoline Alkaloids Research 1972–1977 by : Maurice Shamma

Download or read book Isoquinoline Alkaloids Research 1972–1977 written by Maurice Shamma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Asymmetric Dearomatization Reactions

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527338519
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Asymmetric Dearomatization Reactions by : Shu-Li You

Download or read book Asymmetric Dearomatization Reactions written by Shu-Li You and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive account of the rapidly growing field of asymmetric dearomatization reactions with a focus on catalytic methods. It introduces the concept of dearomatization and describes recent progress in asymmetric reaction procedures with different catalyst systems, such as organocatalysts, transition metal catalysts, and enzymes. Chapters on dearomatizations of electron-deficient aromatic rings, dearomatization reactions via transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings as well as dearomatization strategies in the synthesis of complex natural products are also included. Written by pioneers in the field, this is a highly valuable source of information not only for professional synthetic chemists in academia and industry but also for all those are interested in asymmetric methodologies and organic synthesis in general.

Medicinal Plants

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Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081001037
Total Pages : 694 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Medicinal Plants by : Da-Cheng Hao

Download or read book Medicinal Plants written by Da-Cheng Hao and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medicinal Plants: Chemistry, Biology and Omics reviews the phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, molecular biology, and phylogeny of selected medicinal plant tribes and genera, and their relevance to drug efficacy. Medicinal plants provide a myriad of pharmaceutically active components, which have been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine and worldwide for thousands of years. Increasing interest in plant-based medicinal resources has led to additional discoveries of many novel compounds, in various angiosperm and gymnosperm species, and investigations on their chemotaxonomy, molecular phylogeny and pharmacology. Chapters in this book explore the interrelationship within traditional Chinese medicinal plant groups and between Chinese species and species outside of China. Chapters also discuss the incongruence between chemotaxonomy and molecular phylogeny, concluding with chapters on systems biology and "-omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), and how they will play an increasingly important role in future pharmaceutical research. - Reviews best practice and essential developments in medicinal plant chemistry and biology - Discusses the principles and applications of various techniques used to discover medicinal compounds - Explores the analysis and classification of novel plant-based medicinal compounds - Includes case studies on pharmaphylogeny - Compares and integrates traditional knowledge and current perception of worldwide medicinal plants

Organic Synthesis Highlights

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527621393
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Synthesis Highlights by : Hans-Josef Altenbach

Download or read book Organic Synthesis Highlights written by Hans-Josef Altenbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-20 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unusual collection of 49 essays gives an overview of the trends and accomplishments of synthetic organic chemistry in recent years. Unique in its approach, it deals with almost every aspect of modern synthesis. The first part of the book describes methods and reagents, with particular emphasis on rapidly developing organometallic and biooriented procedures. In the second part, these tools are applied to the syntheses of interesting target compounds and natural compounds with remarkable physiological properties. Mechanistic discussions and retrosynthetic analyses are included. More than 1000 up-to-date references help the reader to pursue the topics highlighted here. This book gives both the active researcher and the advanced student insight into the competitive atmosphere, creativity, and resourcefulness so characteristic of organic synthesis today.