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A Rational Approach To The Prediction Of Reflective Cracking In Bituminous Overlays For Concrete Pavements
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Book Synopsis A Rational Approach to the Prediction of Reflective Cracking in Bituminous Overlays for Concrete Pavements by : Thomas Bennert
Download or read book A Rational Approach to the Prediction of Reflective Cracking in Bituminous Overlays for Concrete Pavements written by Thomas Bennert and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is used as the primary overlying material of concrete pavements during rehabilitation because of its inexpensive nature when compared to most Portland cement concrete (PCC) rehabilitation/reconstruction alternatives. However, due to the majority of the PCC pavements being in average to poor condition, many HMA overlays are exposed to extreme movements (both vertical and horizontal). The combination of associated load and environmentally induced movements creates complex stresses and strains in the vicinity of expansion joints and cracks in the PCC, thus dramatically reducing the life of the HMA overlay, typically in the form of reflective cracking. Reflective cracking is a fatigue cracking distress, which is initiated at the bottom of the HMA overlay and propagates to the surface. When the crack reaches the HMA overlay surface, not only does it affect the ride quality and overall integrity of the pavement surface, but it also creates a path for which water can migrate down into and below the PCC layer. This can ultimately reduce the overall structural support of the composite (HMA and PCC) pavement and result in a complete pavement failure. Medium to high severity reflective cracking results in poor surface conditions that could lead to poor driving conditions and higher accident rates. Therefore, this research is timely in that it not only addresses the structural integrity of the pavement system, but also the safety of the driving public, which is one of the main objectives of the administration at state agencies. To better understand the mechanisms associated with the development of reflective cracking, an extensive literature review was conducted. Analysis of the literature review indicated significant gaps in the current state of the practice in using bituminous overlays on PCC pavements. To fill in these gaps, a survey was developed, distributed to the state transportation agencies of all fifty states, and compiled to better define the scope of the research. The survey clearly identified that a major gap in the current state of the practice is linking the field conditions (climate, deflections, traffic levels) to appropriate laboratory testing protocols. Therefore, field test sections were selected with appropriate field forensic testing and traffic collection. During construction of the bituminous overlays, loose mix was collected and brought back to the laboratory for material characterization testing that would simulate the loading conditions associated with the respective test section. The research conducted during the development of this thesis has led to a rational approach in the prediction of reflective cracking potential in HMA overlays placed on PCC pavements. This methodology utilizes field forensic information that would normally be collected during the evaluation of the PCC/composite pavement prior to rehabilitation and laboratory fatigue and stiffness characterization of the HMA mixture(s), to predict the potential for reflective cracking in the bituminous overlay mixture(s). The extensive laboratory testing and field calibration/verification information utilized in the research has also led to "decision tree" methodology that would allow state agencies to properly select asphalt mixtures for overlaying PCC pavements.
Book Synopsis Prevention of Reflective Cracking in Pavements by : A. Vanelstraete
Download or read book Prevention of Reflective Cracking in Pavements written by A. Vanelstraete and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-02 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crack reflection through a road structure is one of the main causes of premature pavement deterioration. This is a widespread problem in many countries and highway maintenance authorities are having to find economic means of repairing and upgrading their pavements. This book is the eagerly awaited state-of-the-art report which considers all different aspects of the subject including assessment and use of overlay systems.
Book Synopsis Efforts to Reduce Reflective Cracking of Bituminous Concrete Overlays of Portland Cement Concrete Pavements by : Kenneth H. McGhee
Download or read book Efforts to Reduce Reflective Cracking of Bituminous Concrete Overlays of Portland Cement Concrete Pavements written by Kenneth H. McGhee and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of efforts in Virginia to reduce the incidence of reflection cracking when portland cement concrete pavements or bases are overlayed with asphaltic concrete are reported. The methods of reflection crack reduction discussed are: (1) The use of sand as a bond breaker between portland cement concrete pavements and asphaltic overlays, (2) the use of a high tensile strength fabric as a stress relieving layer between two asphaltic concrete overlays of an old portland cement concrete pavement on a weak subbase, and (3) the use of two types of fabric as stress relieving layers between asphaltic layers and a concrete base on a very strong subbase and subgrade. The following conclusions were drawn. 1. Neither sand as a bond breaker nor high strength fabrics as stress relieving layers are effective in reducing reflection cracking where vertical joint movement (differential deflection) is a significant factor. 2. When differential deflections are greater than about 0.002 in (0.05 mm) reflection cracks form early. Such cracking is delayed for lower differential deflection but may occur as the magnitude and frequency of wheel loadings increase. 3. Both an asphalt impregnated polypropylene fabric and an unwoven, spun-bonded nylon fabric, when placed to span joints in portland cement concrete base and covered with an asphaltic concrete, overlay, are able to sustain the formation of reflection cracking in the overlaying layer without undergoing damage. 4. An asphalt impregnated polypropylene fabric spanning the joints in portland cement concrete pavements, and placed between the pavement and an asphaltic overlay, may be effective in reducing the infiltration of surface water to pavement sub-layers. There is some evidence that pavement pumping may be reduced by this method. 5. Both an asphalt impregnated polypropylene fabric and an unwoven, spun-bonded nylon fabric can delay the formation of reflection cracking. There is strong evidence, however, that such cracking is fatigue in nature and will eventually develop under the application of repetitive wheel loadings.
Book Synopsis 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements by : A. Scarpas
Download or read book 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements written by A. Scarpas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 1340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the recent past, new materials, laboratory and in-situ testing methods and construction techniques have been introduced. In addition, modern computational techniques such as the finite element method enable the utilization of sophisticated constitutive models for realistic model-based predictions of the response of pavements. The 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking of Pavements provided an international forum for the exchange of ideas, information and knowledge amongst experts involved in computational analysis, material production, experimental characterization, design and construction of pavements. All submitted contributions were subjected to an exhaustive refereed peer review procedure by the Scientific Committee, the Editors and a large group of international experts in the topic. On the basis of their recommendations, 129 contributions which best suited the goals and the objectives of the Conference were chosen for presentation and inclusion in the Proceedings. The strong message that emanates from the accepted contributions is that, by accounting for the idiosyncrasies of the response of pavement engineering materials, modern sophisticated constitutive models in combination with new experimental material characterization and construction techniques provide a powerful arsenal for understanding and designing against the mechanisms and the processes causing cracking and pavement response deterioration. As such they enable the adoption of truly "mechanistic" design methodologies. The papers represent the following topics: Laboratory evaluation of asphalt concrete cracking potential; Pavement cracking detection; Field investigation of pavement cracking; Pavement cracking modeling response, crack analysis and damage prediction; Performance of concrete pavements and white toppings; Fatigue cracking and damage characterization of asphalt concrete; Evaluation of the effectiveness of asphalt concrete modification; Crack growth parameters and mechanisms; Evaluation, quantification and modeling of asphalt healing properties; Reinforcement and interlayer systems for crack mitigation; Thermal and low temperature cracking of pavements; and Cracking propensity of WMA and recycled asphalts.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Reflection Cracking in Bituminous Overlays on Concrete Pavements by : Herbert N. Swanson
Download or read book Evaluation of Reflection Cracking in Bituminous Overlays on Concrete Pavements written by Herbert N. Swanson and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prediction of Reflection Cracking in Hot Mix Asphalt Overlays by : Fang-Ling Tsai
Download or read book Prediction of Reflection Cracking in Hot Mix Asphalt Overlays written by Fang-Ling Tsai and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflection cracking is one of the main distresses in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlays. It has been a serious concern since early in the 20th century. Since then, several models have been developed to predict the extent and severity of reflection cracking in HMA overlays. However, only limited research has been performed to evaluate and calibrate these models. In this dissertation, mechanistic-based models are calibrated to field data of over 400 overlay test sections to produce a design process for predicting reflection cracks. Three cracking mechanisms: bending, shearing traffic stresses, and thermal stress are taken into account to evaluate the rate of growth of the three increasing levels of distress severity: low, medium, and high. The cumulative damage done by all three cracking mechanisms is used to predict the number of days for the reflection crack to reach the surface of the overlay. The result of this calculation is calibrated to the observed field data (severity and extent) which has been fitted with an S-shaped curve. In the mechanistic computations, material properties and fracture-related stress intensity factors are generated using efficient Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms. In the bending and shearing traffic stress models, the traffic was represented by axle load spectra. In the thermal stress model, a recently developed temperature model was used to predict the temperature at the crack tips. This process was developed to analyze various overlay structures. HMA overlays over either asphalt pavement or jointed concrete pavement in all four major climatic zones are discussed in this dissertation. The results of this calculated mechanistic approach showed its ability to efficiently reproduce field observations of the growth, extent, and severity of reflection cracking. The most important contribution to crack growth was found to be thermal stress. The computer running time for a twenty-year prediction of a typical overlay was between one and four minutes.
Book Synopsis Reflective Cracking in Pavements by : L. Francken
Download or read book Reflective Cracking in Pavements written by L. Francken and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-02 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of RILEM TC-PRC third conference on this subject. Papers from road authorities, engineers, researchers, contractors and manufacturers discussing the implementation and the long term behaviour of overlay systems. The following topics are covered: prevention and cracking assessment, choice and design of overlay systems, practical implemen
Book Synopsis Reflection Cracking in Bituminous Overlays on Rigid Pavements by : John M. Vyce
Download or read book Reflection Cracking in Bituminous Overlays on Rigid Pavements written by John M. Vyce and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reflection Cracking of Bituminous Overlays on Rigid Pavements by : Frank R. McCullagh
Download or read book Reflection Cracking of Bituminous Overlays on Rigid Pavements written by Frank R. McCullagh and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reflective Cracking in Pavements by : J.M. Rigo
Download or read book Reflective Cracking in Pavements written by J.M. Rigo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book forms the Proceedings of the Second International RILEM Conference held in Liege in March 1993. It follows the successful first conference held in 1989 and focusses on two main topics: the current state of the art of reflective cracking in highway and other pavements, and design recommendations for field applications. As well as more than
Book Synopsis PRO 11: 4th International RILEM Conference on Reflective Cracking in Pavement Research in Practice by : A. O. Abd El Halim
Download or read book PRO 11: 4th International RILEM Conference on Reflective Cracking in Pavement Research in Practice written by A. O. Abd El Halim and published by RILEM Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Some Considerations on Reflection Cracking in Asphalt Concrete Overlay Pavements by : Nicolaas Francois Coetzee
Download or read book Some Considerations on Reflection Cracking in Asphalt Concrete Overlay Pavements written by Nicolaas Francois Coetzee and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Several Methods for Minimizing Reflective Cracking in Bituminous Overlay of Portland Cement Concrete Pavement by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Several Methods for Minimizing Reflective Cracking in Bituminous Overlay of Portland Cement Concrete Pavement written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reflection Cracking in Bituminous Overlays by : Denis E. Donnelly
Download or read book Reflection Cracking in Bituminous Overlays written by Denis E. Donnelly and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heavy Duty Membrane for the Reduction of Reflective Cracking in Bituminous Concrete Overlays by : GL. Hoffman
Download or read book Heavy Duty Membrane for the Reduction of Reflective Cracking in Bituminous Concrete Overlays written by GL. Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of reflective cracking in asphaltic concrete overlays is a major factor contributing to the premature failure in the pavement system. This reflective cracking is caused by cyclic stresses induced in the overlay by movements in the underlying pavement. Recent work done with heavy duty membranes has shown that they may be useful in retarding this reflective crack formation. Seven different types of heavy duty membranes were placed over portland cement concrete pavement joints at a site in Pennsylvania before the roadway was overlayed with asphaltic concrete. Control sections, without any membranes, were also built into the project for comparison purposes. This work will evaluate the ability of these membranes to reduce the occurrence of reflective cracking over transverse and longitudinal joints and to function as a water stop once cracking has occurred.
Book Synopsis Heavy Duty Membranes for the Reduction of Reflective Cracking in Bituminous Concrete Overlays by : M. Alaa Azab
Download or read book Heavy Duty Membranes for the Reduction of Reflective Cracking in Bituminous Concrete Overlays written by M. Alaa Azab and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Minimizing Reflection Cracking of Pavement Overlays by : George Sherman
Download or read book Minimizing Reflection Cracking of Pavement Overlays written by George Sherman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This synthesis will be of special interest to pavement designers, materials specialists, maintenance engineers, and others concerned with the performance of pavement overlays. Methods are presented for reducing reflection cracking in overlays."--Avant-propos.
