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A Precision Measurement Of The Photon Recoil Using Large Area Atom Interferometry
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Book Synopsis A Precision Measurement of the Photon Recoil Using Large Area Atom Interferometry by : Sheng-wey Chiow
Download or read book A Precision Measurement of the Photon Recoil Using Large Area Atom Interferometry written by Sheng-wey Chiow and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report on progress of a precision measurement of the photon recoil of a cesium atom using atom interferometers consisting of multi-photon beamsplitters. We present large area atom interferometers with up to 24-photon Bragg diffraction as beamsplitters, which increase the phase shift 12-fold for the Mach-Zehnder geometry and 144-fold for the Ramsey-Borde geometry. Fringe visibilities as high as 52% in the Mach-Zehnder geometry and 36% (72% of the theoretical optimum) in the Ramsey-Borde geometry with 12h k-momentum-transfer beamsplitters are presented. The decrease of visibility at pulse separation time longer than 10 ms is mostly ascribed to residual vibrational noise.
Book Synopsis A Precision Measurement of the Photon Recoil of an Atom Using Atomic Interferometry by : David Scott Weiss
Download or read book A Precision Measurement of the Photon Recoil of an Atom Using Atomic Interferometry written by David Scott Weiss and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atom Interferometry written by G.M. Tino and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since atom interferometers were first realized about 20 years ago, atom interferometry has had many applications in basic and applied science, and has been used to measure gravity acceleration, rotations and fundamental physical quantities with unprecedented precision. Future applications range from tests of general relativity to the development of next-generation inertial navigation systems. This book presents the lectures and notes from the Enrico Fermi school "Atom Interferometry", held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2013. The aim of the school was to cover basic experimental and theoretical aspects and to provide an updated review of current activities in the field as well as main achievements, open issues and future prospects. Topics covered include theoretical background and experimental schemes for atom interferometry; ultracold atoms and atom optics; comparison of atom, light, electron and neutron interferometers and their applications; high precision measurements with atom interferometry and their application to tests of fundamental physics, gravitation, inertial measurements and geophysics; measurement of fundamental constants; interferometry with quantum degenerate gases; matter wave interferometry beyond classical limits; large area interferometers; atom interferometry on chips; and interferometry with molecules. The book will be a valuable source of reference for students, newcomers and experts in the field of atom interferometry.
Book Synopsis Atom Interferometry by : Paul R. Berman
Download or read book Atom Interferometry written by Paul R. Berman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-01-08 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of atom interferometry has expanded rapidly in recent years, and todays research laboratories are using atom interferometers both as inertial sensors and for precision measurements. Many researchers also use atom interferometry as a means of researching fundamental questions in quantum mechanics. Atom Interferometry contains contributions from theoretical and experimental physicists at the forefront of this rapidly developing field. Editor Paul R. Berman includes an excellent balance of background material and recent experimental results,providing a general overview of atom interferometry and demonstrating the promise that it holds for the future. Includes contributions from many of the research groups that have pioneered this emerging field Discusses and demonstrates new aspects of the wave nature of atoms Explains the many important applications of atom interferometry, from a measurement of the gravitational constant to atom lithography Examines applications of atom interferometry to fundamentally important quantum mechanics problems
Book Synopsis Coherent atomic matter waves - Ondes de matiere coherentes by : R. Kaiser
Download or read book Coherent atomic matter waves - Ondes de matiere coherentes written by R. Kaiser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-02-28 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, devoted to the study of quantum effects in atomic systems, reviews the state of the art in the fields of Bose--Einstein condensation, quantum information processing, and the problems of propagation of matter waves in complex media. The specific topics include: theory and experiments in Bose--Einstein condensation, theory and experiments on decoherence phenomena in simple quantum systems and the connection to quantum measurement, atom interferometry, quantum computing, multiple scattering problems in atomic physics, quantum and nonlinear optics in a photonic band gap and quantum chaos and atomic physics. Pedagogical in style, the articles address PhD students as well as researchers.
Book Synopsis Hot Beats and Tune Outs by : Kayleigh Cassella
Download or read book Hot Beats and Tune Outs written by Kayleigh Cassella and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ushered forth by advances in time and frequency metrology, atom interferometry remains an indispensable measurement tool in atomic physics due to its precision and versatility. A sequence of four $\pi/2$ beam splitter pulses can create either an interferometer sensitive to the atom's recoil frequency when the momentum imparted by the light reverses direction between pulse pairs or, when constructed from pulses without such reversal, sensitive to the perturbing potential from an external optical field. Here, we demonstrate the first atom interferometer with laser-cooled lithium, advantageous for its low mass and simple atomic structure. We study both a recoil-sensitive Ramsey-Bord\'e interferometer and interferometry sensitive to the dynamic polarizability of the ground state of lithium. Recoil-sensitive Ramsey-Bord\'e interferometry benefits from lithium's high recoil frequency, a consequence of its low mass. At an interrogation time of 10 ms, a Ramsey-Bord\'e lithium interferometer could achieve sensitivities comparable to those realized at much longer times with heavier alkali atoms. However, in contrast with other atoms that are used for atom interferometry, lithium's unresolved excited-state hyperfine structure precludes the the cycling transition necessary for efficient cooling. Without sub-Doppler cooling techniques. As as result, a lithium atomic gas is typically laser cooled to temperatures around 300 $\mu$K, above the Doppler limit, and well above the recoil temperature of 6 $\mu$K. This higher temperature gas expands rapidly during the operation of an atom interferometer, limiting the experimental interrogation time and preventing spatially resolved detection. In this work, a light-pulse lithium matter-wave interferometer is demonstrated in spite of these limitation. Two-photon Raman interferometer pulses coherently couple the atom's spin and momentum and are thus able to spectrally resolve the outputs. These fast pulses drive conjugate interferometers simultaneously which beat with a fast frequency component proportional to the atomic recoil frequency and an envelope modulated by the two-photon detuning of the Raman transition. We detect the summed signal at short experimental times, preventing perturbation of the signal from vibration noise. This demonstration of a sub-recoil measurement with a super-recoil sample opens the door to similar scheme with other particles that are difficult to trap and cool well, like electrons. An interferometer instead composed of $\pi/2$-pulses with a single direction of momentum transfer, can be sensitive to the dynamic polarizability of the atomic ground state. By scanning the frequency of an external driving field, such a measurement can be used to determine the atom's tune-out wavelength. This is the wavelength at which the frequency-dependent polarizability vanishes due to compensating ac-Stark shifts from other atomic states. Lithium's simple atomic structure allows for a precise computation of properties with only {\em ab initio} wave functions and spectroscopic data. A direct interferometric measurement of lithium's red tune-out wavelength at 670.971626(1) nm, is a precise comparison to existing `all-order' atomic theory computations. It also provides another way to experimentally determine the $S-$ to $P-$ transitions matrix elements, for which large correlations and small values complicate computations. Finally, a future measurement of lithium's ultraviolet tune-out wavelength of at 324.192(2) nm would be sensitive to relativistic approximations in the atomic structure description. Atom interferometry simultaneously verifies existing atomic theory with measurements of atomic properties and searches for exotic physics lurking in plain sight. The techniques developed here broaden the applicability of interferometry and increase measurement sensitivity by simplifying cooling, increasing atom number and reducing the cycle time. Overcoming the current experimental limitations on interrogation time would allow for ultra-precise measurements of both the tune-out wavelength and the fine structure constant.
Book Synopsis Timekeeping and Accelerometry with Robust Light Pulse Atom Interferometers by : Krish Kotru
Download or read book Timekeeping and Accelerometry with Robust Light Pulse Atom Interferometers written by Krish Kotru and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light pulse atom interferometry (LPAI) is a powerful technique for precision measurements of inertial forces and time. Laboratory LPAI systems currently achieve state-ofthe- art acceleration sensitivity and establish the international atomic time standard. However, the realization of practical LPAI in dynamic environments (e.g., rapidly accelerating or rotating platforms) has been limited in part by atom optics-the analogues to optical beamsplitters and mirrors. Atom optics in traditional LPAIs are composed of resonant laser pulses that are susceptible to variations in optical detuning and intensity expected in sensors designed for dynamic environments. This thesis investigates atom optics that use frequency- and intensity-modulated laser pulses to suppress sensitivity to these inhomogeneities. For atomic timekeeping applications, a Ramsey LPAI sequence based on stimulated Raman transitions and frequency-swept adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) was developed. Raman ARP drives coherent transfer in an effective two-level atomic system by sweeping the Raman detuning through the two-photon resonance. In experiments with 133Cs atoms, Raman ARP reduced the sensitivity of Ramsey sequences to differential AC Stark shifts by about two orders of magnitude, relative to standard Raman transitions. Raman ARP also preserved fringe contrast despite substantial intensity inhomogeneity. The fractional frequency uncertainty of the ARP Ramsey sequence was limited by second-order Zeeman shifts to ~3.5 x 10-12 after about 2500 s of averaging. For accelerometry applications, Raman ARP provided efficient, large momentum transfer (LMT) atom optics in an acceleration-sensitive LPAI. These atom optics produced momentum splittings of up to 30 photon recoil momenta between interfering wavepackets-the largest to date for Raman atom optics. This splitting, in principle, enables up to a factor-of-15 improvement in sensitivity over the nominal interferometer. By forgoing cooling methods that reduce atom number, this LMT method reduces the measurement uncertainty due to atom shot-noise and enables large area atom interferometry at higher data-rates. These features could prove useful for fielded inertial sensors based on atom interferometry.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optical Cavities for Optical Atomic Clocks, Atom Interferometry and Gravitational-Wave Detection by : Miguel Dovale Álvarez
Download or read book Optical Cavities for Optical Atomic Clocks, Atom Interferometry and Gravitational-Wave Detection written by Miguel Dovale Álvarez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-10 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Devised at the beginning of the 20th century by french physicists Charles Fabry and Alfred Perot, the Fabry-Perot optical cavity is perhaps the most deceptively simple setup in optics, and today a key resource in many areas of science and technology. This thesis delves deeply into the applications of optical cavities in a variety of contexts: from LIGO’s 4-km-long interferometer arms that are allowing us to observe the universe in a new way by measuring gravitational waves, to the atomic clocks used to realise time with unprecedented accuracy which will soon lead to a redefinition of the second, and the matterwave interferometers that are enabling us to test and measure gravity in a new scale. The work presented accounts for the elegance and versatility of this setup, which today underpins much of the progress in the frontier of atomic and gravitational experimental physics.
Book Synopsis Lepton Dipole Moments by : B. Lee Roberts
Download or read book Lepton Dipole Moments written by B. Lee Roberts and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a self-contained description of the measurements of the magnetic dipole moments of the electron and muon, along with a discussion of the measurements of the fine structure constant, and the theory associated with magnetic and electric dipole moments. Also included are the searches for a permanent electric dipole moment of the electron, muon, neutron and atomic nuclei. The related topic of the transition moment for lepton flavor violating processes, such as neutrinoless muon or tauon decays, and the search for such processes are included as well. The papers, written by many of the leading authors in this field, cover both the experimental and theoretical aspects of these topics. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Historical Introduction to Electric and Mangnetic Moments (367 KB). Contents: Historical Introduction (B L Roberts); Electromagnetic Dipole Moments and New Physics (A Czarnecki & W J Marciano); Lepton g OCo 2 from 1947 to Present (T Kinoshita); Analytic QED Calculations of the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Electron (S Laporta & E Remiddi); Measurements of the Electron Magnetic Moment (G Gabrielse); Determining the Fine Structure Constant (G Gabrielse); Helium Fine Structure Theory for the Determination of (K Pachucki & J Sapirstein); Hadronic Vacuum Polarization and the Lepton Anomalous Magnetic Moments (M Davier); The Hadronic Light-by-Light Contribution to a, e (J Prades et al.); General Prescriptions for One-loop Contributions to a e, (K R Lynch); Measurement of the Muon ( g OCo 2) Value (J P Miller et al.); Muon ( g OCo 2) and Physics Beyond the Standard Model (D StAckinger); Probing CP Violation with Electric Dipole Moments (M Pospelov & A Ritz); The Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron (E D Commins & D DeMille); Neutron EDM Experiments (S K Lamoreaux & R Golub); Nuclear Electric Dipole Moments (W C Griffith et al.); EDM Measurements in Storage Rings (B L Roberts et al.); Models of Lepton Flavor Violation (Y Okada); Search for the Charged Lepton-Flavor-Violating Transition Moments l OaAE l OC (Y Kuno). Readership: Researchers and graduate students in particle physics, atomic physics and nuclear physics, as well as experts working in the field
Book Synopsis Exploring the World with the Laser by : Dieter Meschede
Download or read book Exploring the World with the Laser written by Dieter Meschede and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition contains carefully selected contributions by leading scientists in high-resolution laser spectroscopy, quantum optics and laser physics. Emphasis is given to ultrafast laser phenomena, implementations of frequency combs, precision spectroscopy and high resolution metrology. Furthermore, applications of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics are widely covered. This book is dedicated to Nobel prize winner Theodor W. Hänsch on the occasion of his 75th birthday. The contributions are reprinted from a topical collection published in Applied Physics B, 2016. Selected contributions are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com. Please see the copyright page for further details.
Book Synopsis Condensation and Coherence in Condensed Matter by : Tord Claeson
Download or read book Condensation and Coherence in Condensed Matter written by Tord Claeson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2001, the Nobel Foundation celebrated the 100th anniversary of the first Nobel Prize, and all previous Nobel laureates were invited to attend the Nobel ceremonies in Stockholm. This gave an excellent opportunity for arranging jubilee symposia with topics that would attract several of the laureates. The chosen subject of ?Condensation and Coherence in Condensed Systems? attracted sixteen Nobel laureates and another thirty-five leading scientists.The idea was to bring scientists together from several related subdisciplines: atomic physics, quantum optics, and condensed matter physics, for cross-breeding of ideas, concepts, and experience. Subjects like phase transitions in strongly coupled systems, Bose-Einstein condensation in weakly coupled systems, macroscopic quantum phenomena, coherence in mesoscopic structures, and quantum information were intensively discussed from different points of view. Coherence phenomena in condensed systems were emphasized. A special session was devoted to the emerging field of quantum computing, with experimental and theoretical results reported for different types of qu-bits. The 2001 Nobel Prize awarded to Eric Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, and Carl Wieman, ?for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates,? gave an extra flavor to the theme of the Centennial Symposium.
Book Synopsis Condensation And Coherence In Condensed Matter, Proceedings Of The Nobel Jubilee Symposium by : T Claeson
Download or read book Condensation And Coherence In Condensed Matter, Proceedings Of The Nobel Jubilee Symposium written by T Claeson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-03-21 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2001, the Nobel Foundation celebrated the 100th anniversary of the first Nobel Prize, and all previous Nobel laureates were invited to attend the Nobel ceremonies in Stockholm. This gave an excellent opportunity for arranging jubilee symposia with topics that would attract several of the laureates. The chosen subject of “Condensation and Coherence in Condensed Systems” attracted sixteen Nobel laureates and another thirty-five leading scientists.The idea was to bring scientists together from several related subdisciplines: atomic physics, quantum optics, and condensed matter physics, for cross-breeding of ideas, concepts, and experience. Subjects like phase transitions in strongly coupled systems, Bose-Einstein condensation in weakly coupled systems, macroscopic quantum phenomena, coherence in mesoscopic structures, and quantum information were intensively discussed from different points of view. Coherence phenomena in condensed systems were emphasized. A special session was devoted to the emerging field of quantum computing, with experimental and theoretical results reported for different types of qu-bits. The 2001 Nobel Prize awarded to Eric Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, and Carl Wieman, “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates,” gave an extra flavor to the theme of the Centennial Symposium.
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 21st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook by : Klaus D. Sattler
Download or read book 21st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook written by Klaus D. Sattler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date reference is the most comprehensive summary of the field of nanoscience and its applications. It begins with fundamental properties at the nanoscale and then goes well beyond into the practical aspects of the design, synthesis, and use of nanomaterials in various industries. It emphasizes the vast strides made in the field over the past decade – the chapters focus on new, promising directions as well as emerging theoretical and experimental methods. The contents incorporate experimental data and graphs where appropriate, as well as supporting tables and figures with a tutorial approach.
Book Synopsis Ultracold Bosonic and Fermionic Gases by : Kathy Levin
Download or read book Ultracold Bosonic and Fermionic Gases written by Kathy Levin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-11-15 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidly developing topic of ultracold atoms has many actual and potential applications for condensed-matter science, and the contributions to this book emphasize these connections. Ultracold Bose and Fermi quantum gases are introduced at a level appropriate for first-year graduate students and non-specialists such as more mature general physicists. The reader will find answers to questions like: how are experiments conducted and how are the results interpreted? What are the advantages and limitations of ultracold atoms in studying many-body physics? How do experiments on ultracold atoms facilitate novel scientific opportunities relevant to the condensed-matted community? This volume seeks to be comprehensible rather than comprehensive; it aims at the level of a colloquium, accessible to outside readers, containing only minimal equations and limited references. In large part, it relies on many beautiful experiments from the past fifteen years and their very fruitful interplay with basic theoretical ideas. In this particular context, phenomena most relevant to condensed-matter science have been emphasized. Introduces ultracold Bose and Fermi quantum gases at a level appropriate for non-specialists Discusses landmark experiments and their fruitful interplay with basic theoretical ideas Comprehensible rather than comprehensive, containing only minimal equations
Book Synopsis Laser Physics at the Limits by : Hartmut Figger
Download or read book Laser Physics at the Limits written by Hartmut Figger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published on the occasion of Theodor Hänsch's 60th Birthday emphasis is placed on precision related to results in a variety of fields, such as atomic clocks, frequency standards, and the measurement of physical constants in atomic physics. Furthermore, illustrations and engineering applications of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics are widely covered. It has contributions by Nobel prize winners Norman F. Ramsey, Steven Chu, and Carl E. Wieman.
