A Novel Research Approach For Cities To Prioritise Social Factors And Cultural Determinants Relevant To Type 2 Diabetes

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A Novel Research Approach for Cities to Prioritise Social Factors and Cultural Determinants Relevant to Type 2 Diabetes

Author : Bagger Malene
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis A Novel Research Approach for Cities to Prioritise Social Factors and Cultural Determinants Relevant to Type 2 Diabetes by : Bagger Malene

Download or read book A Novel Research Approach for Cities to Prioritise Social Factors and Cultural Determinants Relevant to Type 2 Diabetes written by Bagger Malene and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel research approach for cities to prioritise social factors and cultural determinants relevant to type 2 diabetesNapier D1, Volkmann A1, Hesseldal L2, Bagger M21: Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom2: Health Advocacy, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Allu00e9 1, 2880 Bagsvu00e6rd, Denmark Background:Today, there are 415 million people living with diabetes worldwide, corresponding to 8.8% of the global adult population and almost two-thirds of all people with diabetes live in urban areas (1). By 2040, the number of people with diabetes is expected to rise to 642 million, with 74% of them living in urban areas (1). These projections make cities ideal sites for studying type 2 diabetes and for understanding better what drives this condition globally.Social factors and cultural determinants constitute both barriers and opportunities for successful prevention, care and management of type 2 diabetes. We present a novel research approach, the Diabetes Q Assessment (D-QA) that explores priorities, attitudes, and shared points of views among people living with type 2 diabetes. It builds on findings from in-depth Diabetes Vulnerability Assessments conducted in five cities as part of the Cities Changing Diabetes programme (2). The vulnerability assessments identified eight locally distinct and globally shared social factors (financial constraints, time constraints, resource constraints, geographical constraints) and cultural determinants (traditions and conventions, health and illness, self and other, and change and transition) relevant to type 2 diabetes. The D-QA enables cities to prioritise specific local social factors and cultural determinants relevant to type 2 diabetes.Aims: The aim of the D-QA is to understand the presence and impact of local social factors and cultural determinants of type 2 diabetes across specific population sub-groups to inform interventions and improve both care and management of type 2 diabetes. Method: The D-QA methodology is based on Q-methodology (3). 50-60 participants are recruited to each carry out a computer-based statement sorting procedure in which they rank a set of statements reflecting the eight social factors and cultural determinants according to personal preference. Statements are sorted into a forced-distribution matrix, which encourages participants to relate the statements to one another, and to think carefully about what statements take priority over others. A variant of statistical factor analysis is employed to explore correlations between participantsu2019 viewpoints, and participants who express a similar point of view are grouped. Each group is then described based on the commonly held point of view and on the characteristics of the participants in the group. Selected participants from each group are then invited to focus group interviews for in-depth exploration of the viewpoints. The final analysis is based on the Q-sorts, demographic data and focus group interviews. The D-QA will be implemented in Vancouver, Johannesburg and Rome in the coming year. Results: The outcomes of the D-QA are 1) an analysis of the presence and impact of the social factors and cultural determinants of diabetes relevant to the given city, 2) well-characterised groups of participants that share similar points of views regarding the experience of living with type 2 diabetes, 3) in-depth description of each group and those participants who represent that viewpoint in a statistically significant manner. Discussion: The D-QA enables cities to identify specific barriers and opportunities to successful diabetes care and prevention that can inform future interventions and policies. Through a deeper understanding of how the social factors and cultural determinants of diabetes play out in a given city, diabetes prevention and care can be improved upon and tailored to specific target groups. References: 1. International Diabetes Federation: IDF Diabetes Atlas, 7th edn. 2015.2. Cities Changing Diabetes: Urban diabetes. Understanding the challenges and opportunities. 2015. 3. The study of behavior; Q-technique and its methodology. Stephenson, William. Chicago, IL, US: University of Chicago Press The study of behavior; Q-technique and its methodology. 1953; ix 376 pp.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Diabetes and Health Disparities

Author : Leandris C. Liburd, PHD
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0826101291
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Diabetes and Health Disparities by : Leandris C. Liburd, PHD

Download or read book Diabetes and Health Disparities written by Leandris C. Liburd, PHD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What Liburd and colleagues provide in this edition is a framework for all practitionersÖinvolved in diabetes prevention and control. The recommendations and tools provided here are key to the success of future research and programmatic efforts." -Wayne H. Giles, MD, MS & Ann Albright, PhD, RD (From the Foreword) Type 2 diabetes and its principal risk factor, obesity, have emerged as twin epidemics in communities of color. This book investigates the epidemiology of diabetes in these minority communities, arguing that the determinants of diabetes include not only personal choices, but also broader social and contextual factors, such as community racism, residential segregation, and cultural patterns. This book includes in-depth analyses of many community-based interventions which serve African-American, Hispanic/Latino American, Asian American, and Native American populations. The author also provides suggestions for community-based initiatives to reduce the "obesogenic" environment many minorities live in. Key features: Includes effective intervention approaches for prevention and control of diabetes in racial and ethnic populations Explores the influence of institutionalized racism and residential segregation on the emergence of diabetes and obesity Presents extensive case studies detailing the experiences, challenges, and breakthroughs of various community health initiatives and programs This book will serve as an important resource for professors, students, community leaders, policymakers, health practitioners, and anyone interested in joining the movement to eliminate health disparities and achieve health equity.

Making the Connection

Author : Yolanda Freeman-Hildreth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Making the Connection by : Yolanda Freeman-Hildreth

Download or read book Making the Connection written by Yolanda Freeman-Hildreth and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare systems worldwide are challenged with caring for patients with multiple chronic conditions (Palmer et al., 2018). Anderson (2010) defines chronic conditions as illnesses or impairments expected to last a year or greater, limits what a person can do, and/or require ongoing medical care. Buttorff, Ruder, and Bauman (2017) acknowledge that as of 2014, at least 60% of Americans have at least one chronic condition with diabetes being among the top five chronic conditions. For the purpose of this dissertation, we will examine the effects of the chronic condition related to Type 2 Diabetes via a mixed methods approach. Chronic conditions such as diabetes are associated with medical illness such as heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and hyperlipidemia (American Diabetes Association, 2016), increasing an individual's risk of adverse outcomes, including mortality, disability, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare costs (Palmer et al., 2018). However, evidence has shown that self-management and glucose control can prevent or delay complications associated with diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2016). Self-management (SM) along with the self-management support (SMS) by others is critical to optimal diabetes control (Brady, Sacks, Terrillion, & Colligan, 2018). Schmitt et al. (2013) define self-management as the recommended dietary changes, exercise, blood sugar monitoring, and provider appointments a person endures for optimal management of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM). While self-management support refers to the support received for implementing and sustaining the coping skills needed to achieve self-management on a long-term basis (Powers et al., 2017). However, in spite recommendations for SMS, the number of individuals with T2DM receiving SMS is small despite its, being recognized as a crucial component of diabetes care due to reduced access to care, inadequate resources, lack of insurance, and reduced referral practices (Foss et al., 2016). Current recommendations by the American Diabetes Association (2018c) advise health providers to consider population-level health while delivering individualized patient care, resulting in a combination of system level and patient level approaches to care. In other words, providers are recommended to provide patient-centered care, by considering patients' preferences, needs, and values when making clinical decisions along with adjusting for social factors that vary across settings and the population level (American Diabetes Association, 2018c). Unfortunately, healthcare delivery is fragmented and inefficiently coordinated (American Diabetes Association, 2018c). Foss et al. (2016) argued that the evaluation of the population level and support networks are not usually considered in chronic disease management as the focus instead, is prioritized with individualized behavioral change failing to recognize multiple level technological, organizational, and social changes. In addition to social support and networks, social determinants are shown to have a significant impact on the management of T2DM. Cantor and Thorpe (2018) define social determinants as complex, integrated, social structures that are responsible for most health inequities. Mayberry, Harper, and Osborn (2016b) contended that disparities in self-care and adherence contribute to population disparities in diabetes control and complications. Sources of health determinants and disparities include neighborhood and community environments, access to community and recreational resources (Rasmussen, Wrosch, Scheier, & Carver, 2006), access to supermarkets and high-quality food, (Larson, Story, & Nelson, 2009), and access to high-quality medical care. This dissertation will have several empirical and practical contributions. First, this research will contribute to increasing public awareness of social determinants and their influence on T2DM health outcomes. Second, dissertation has implications for healthcare providers, healthcare leaders, policymakers, and patients to gain a greater understanding of how social factors affect chronic disease health outcomes. Third, this integrative research approach has implications for developing interventions tailored according to the patient's individual needs while considering population level and support networks impact when evaluating chronic disease outcomes.

Living with Type 2 Diabetes: Experiences and Social Determinants

Author : Wimonrut Boonsatean
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783659841156
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Living with Type 2 Diabetes: Experiences and Social Determinants by : Wimonrut Boonsatean

Download or read book Living with Type 2 Diabetes: Experiences and Social Determinants written by Wimonrut Boonsatean and published by . This book was released on 2016-09-03 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Social-cognitive Predictors of Physical Activity Initiation in Type 2 Diabetes Following Diabetes Self-management Education

Author : Jason E. Bonner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Social-cognitive Predictors of Physical Activity Initiation in Type 2 Diabetes Following Diabetes Self-management Education by : Jason E. Bonner

Download or read book Social-cognitive Predictors of Physical Activity Initiation in Type 2 Diabetes Following Diabetes Self-management Education written by Jason E. Bonner and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 2 diabetes presents a public health crisis and a global pandemic. Successful management of diabetes requires engagement in a daily regimen of self-care behaviors to achieve optimal glycemic control and to reduce the severity of diabetes-related complications. Regular engagement in physical activity has been demonstrated to improve glycemic control and overall quality of life among patients with diabetes. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) has become the hallmark for instructing patients with diabetes to engage in physical activity, yet physical activity patterns of DSME patients remains largely unknown. Further, it is unclear what factors could account for such behavior change in the DSME setting. Social-cognitive models of health behavior have attempted to explain behavior change such as physical activity initiation. One model, the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), provides a parsimonious framework for understanding this process. The HAPA organizes key social-cognitive factors into a motivational stage, where a behavioral intention is formed, and a volitional stage, where self-regulatory processes such as action planning mediate the intention-behavior relationship, thereby translating intention into action. Using the HAPA as a theoretical framework, the present study sought to examine the key social-cognitive determinants of physical activity initiation among patients with type 2 diabetes after they participated in DSME. A longitudinal, multi-site prospective study design utilized written and telephone based surveys to assess HAPA constructs and physical activity in a DSME population. Participants were 152 adults with type 2 diabetes attending DSME classes in a mid-west metropolitan city. Results of this study revealed that several key social-cognitive factors, as conceptualized by the HAP A's motivational stage, predicted the formation of a behavioral intention to engage in physical activity. Findings on the HAPA volitional stage constructs indicated that only behavioral intention predicted which participants met the minimum amounts of physical activity promoted in DSME. Additionally, the present study revealed physical activity initiation remains a problem among DSME participants. Future research is recommended to clarify the causal role and pathways of social-cognitive factors in the HAP A model to better understand physical activity initiation within the DSME population.

Socio-cultural Factors Influencing Self-management of Australian Pacific Islander Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Author : Heena Akbar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Socio-cultural Factors Influencing Self-management of Australian Pacific Islander Women with Type 2 Diabetes by : Heena Akbar

Download or read book Socio-cultural Factors Influencing Self-management of Australian Pacific Islander Women with Type 2 Diabetes written by Heena Akbar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BackgroundType 2 diabetes disproportionately affects ethnically and culturally diverse communities in Australia and is a major public health challenge for Australian Pacific Islander (API) communities residing in Queensland. APIs in Queensland face health inequalities, such that they are two to four times more likely to be hospitalised or die from preventative chronic conditions compared to the general Queensland population. API women are also four times more at risk of developing diabetes and diabetes-related mortality and co-morbidities. Despite a higher burden of diabetes mortality and morbidity, very little is known about the socio-cultural factors influencing self-management of API women with type 2 diabetes living in Queensland, which has the largest Pacific Islander diaspora, outside of New Zealand. AimsThe objective of this study was to identify socio-cultural, lifestyle and diabetes-related factors influencing self-care behaviours of API women with type 2 diabetes. This study also examined the relationship between socio-cultural, demographics, lifestyle, diabetes- related factors and self-care behaviours.MethodsA self-reported cross-sectional survey was used for health data collection from 148 API women with type 2 diabetes in Queensland. The dependent variable was self-care behaviours which was collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activity (SDSCA) and independent variables included socio-demographics, lifestyle and health and diabetes-related factors. Descriptive and multiple linear regression methods were used to identify factors influencing self-management in API women with type 2 diabetes. ResultsThe API women with type 2 diabetes generally had low levels of self-management behaviour engaging on average two to three days per week in diabetes self-care activities. Taking medication (ave =5 days) and self-monitoring blood glucose (avg. = 3.4 ) were the most frequently reported behaviours. Healthy eating (avg.=3.2 days), foot care (avg.=2.6 days) and physical activity avg.=2.4 days) were least reported. Socio-cultural factors including age, ethnicity, diabetes knowledge, membership with Diabetes Queensland and self-reported HbA1c (knowledge of) were significant determinants of diabetes self-care. Older women (aged 55 years and over) were more likely to report better self-management. There were significant variations among the ethnic groups, whereby Tongan, Solomon and i-Kiribati API women were less likely to seek support from health professionals and API women from i-Kiribati and Tongan background were less likely to adhere to healthy eating behaviours.DiscussionThis is the first Australian study for Pacific Islander women with diabetes in Queensland with the largest Pacific population. This study highlighted socio-cultural factors including age, ethnicity, knowledge of Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values, diabetes knowledge, and membership with Diabetes Queensland, as important determinants of self-management for API women with type 2 diabetes. The study allows one to look at diabetes health from the cultural lens. It also provides a platform to further examine other social determinants of health specifically to diabetes self-management within the Australian Pacific community context.

The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133181
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.

Biocultural Models, Cultural Consonance and Salutogenesis in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment ; Measuring the Impact of Symbol Systems on Health Within a Mexican Community

Download Biocultural Models, Cultural Consonance and Salutogenesis in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment ; Measuring the Impact of Symbol Systems on Health Within a Mexican Community PDF Online Free

Author : Richard Arlan Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (794 download)

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Book Synopsis Biocultural Models, Cultural Consonance and Salutogenesis in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment ; Measuring the Impact of Symbol Systems on Health Within a Mexican Community by : Richard Arlan Brown

Download or read book Biocultural Models, Cultural Consonance and Salutogenesis in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment ; Measuring the Impact of Symbol Systems on Health Within a Mexican Community written by Richard Arlan Brown and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The project described here takes place in Guadalajara, Mexico in a major government sponsored health clinic. It examines the impact of social and cultural factors on clinical medical treatment with a focus on type 2 diabetes. The aim of the project is to understand the effects of culturally specified aspects of medical treatment on health outcomes. The approach to the problem is from cognitive biocultural anthropology, which emphasizes the interdependency of biology and culture. It was hypothesized that after controlling for clinical treatment, including diet, activity, and pharmaceutical consumption, that those who are able to implement culturally specified models of treatment in their own lives (cultural consonance) will have better diabetic outcomes such as lower BMI, controlled blood glucose, and greater overall well-being. A multi-stage research design, including logistic and least squares regression, facititated hypothesis testing. The project begins with cultural domain analysis including qualitative elicitation of local cultural models of treatment (n=57), followed by cultural consensus analysis (n=56). The project finishes with quantitative and comparative analyses through epidemiological survey with 85 diabetic patients. Physiological outcome measures were drawn from medical records. The local cultural model of treatment adheres closely to the biomedical model, but also includes influences from traditional medical belief systems and from the social system more generally. Diet was an especially salient aspect of the model. Survey results show an association between greater cultural consonance in the food-as-treatment model and lower BMI. Greater cultural consonance in the treatment domain was not associated with greater glucose control. Rather it was associated with poor control, which led to a reconsideration of glucose levels from an emic, patient-centered perspective. Glucose levels were re-conceptualized as disease gravity. In this sense, glucose predicts greater participation in the broadly conceived therapeutic model, but not necessarily more intensive participation in the clinical treatment regimen. Finally, greater cultural consonance in treatment predicts greater well-being. Results are discussed in relation to the research questions.

The Social Determinants of Mental Health

Author : Michael T. Compton
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1585625175
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (856 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Determinants of Mental Health by : Michael T. Compton

Download or read book The Social Determinants of Mental Health written by Michael T. Compton and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Determinants of Mental Health aims to fill the gap that exists in the psychiatric, scholarly, and policy-related literature on the social determinants of mental health: those factors stemming from where we learn, play, live, work, and age that impact our overall mental health and well-being. The editors and an impressive roster of chapter authors from diverse scholarly backgrounds provide detailed information on topics such as discrimination and social exclusion; adverse early life experiences; poor education; unemployment, underemployment, and job insecurity; income inequality, poverty, and neighborhood deprivation; food insecurity; poor housing quality and housing instability; adverse features of the built environment; and poor access to mental health care. This thought-provoking book offers many beneficial features for clinicians and public health professionals: Clinical vignettes are included, designed to make the content accessible to readers who are primarily clinicians and also to demonstrate the practical, individual-level applicability of the subject matter for those who typically work at the public health, population, and/or policy level. Policy implications are discussed throughout, designed to make the content accessible to readers who work primarily at the public health or population level and also to demonstrate the policy relevance of the subject matter for those who typically work at the clinical level. All chapters include five to six key points that focus on the most important content, helping to both prepare the reader with a brief overview of the chapter's main points and reinforce the "take-away" messages afterward. In addition to the main body of the book, which focuses on selected individual social determinants of mental health, the volume includes an in-depth overview that summarizes the editors' and their colleagues' conceptualization, as well as a final chapter coauthored by Dr. David Satcher, 16th Surgeon General of the United States, that serves as a "Call to Action," offering specific actions that can be taken by both clinicians and policymakers to address the social determinants of mental health. The editors have succeeded in the difficult task of balancing the individual/clinical/patient perspective and the population/public health/community point of view, while underscoring the need for both groups to work in a unified way to address the inequities in twenty-first century America. The Social Determinants of Mental Health gives readers the tools to understand and act to improve mental health and reduce risk for mental illnesses for individuals and communities. Students preparing for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) will also benefit from this book, as the MCAT in 2015 will test applicants' knowledge of social determinants of health. The social determinants of mental health are not distinct from the social determinants of physical health, although they deserve special emphasis given the prevalence and burden of poor mental health.

A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309392659
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Health Organization defines the social determinants of health as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life." These forces and systems include economic policies, development agendas, cultural and social norms, social policies, and political systems. In an era of pronounced human migration, changing demographics, and growing financial gaps between rich and poor, a fundamental understanding of how the conditions and circumstances in which individuals and populations exist affect mental and physical health is imperative. Educating health professionals about the social determinants of health generates awareness among those professionals about the potential root causes of ill health and the importance of addressing them in and with communities, contributing to more effective strategies for improving health and health care for underserved individuals, communities, and populations. Recently, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to develop a high-level framework for such health professional education. A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health also puts forth a conceptual model for the framework's use with the goal of helping stakeholder groups envision ways in which organizations, education, and communities can come together to address health inequalities.

Exploring Racial/ethnic Prevalence Rates of Type 2-diabetes in CA Using Social Ecological Theory

Author : Brittany Lynne Morey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Racial/ethnic Prevalence Rates of Type 2-diabetes in CA Using Social Ecological Theory by : Brittany Lynne Morey

Download or read book Exploring Racial/ethnic Prevalence Rates of Type 2-diabetes in CA Using Social Ecological Theory written by Brittany Lynne Morey and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this thesis is to explore racial and ethnic health disparities in the occurrence of type 2-diabetes in the state of California. Persistent high blood sugar can lead to a plethora of health concerns such as heart attack, stroke, blindness, gangrene, and complete kidney failure. Following are the hypotheses to be tested in this study. H1: There are disparate prevalence rates of type 2-diabetes between the white population and racial/ethnic minority populations in California. H2: The following risk factors: psychological distress, income, food insecurity, job status, English proficiency, and job status will be associated with type 2-diabetes. H3: Multivariate logistic regression will show a persistent relationship between disparities for minorities after adding social-ecological variables into the full model. Analyses were performed using the statistical software program SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina). Univariate analysis was used to examine the relationship between prevalence rates of type 2-diabetes and socio-ecological determinants. For univariate analysis odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were ascertained. P-values at>.05 were considered significant. Factors found to be significant in the univariate analysis were individually stepped into a full model multiple logistic model and assessed for confounding. Lastly, a final reduced model reporting odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values was created. The outcomes of this study indicate that a health disparity in prevalence of type 2-diabetes does exist between racial/ethnic groups in California. When compared to whites, Latinos were 1.54 times 95% CI (1.13-2.10) to have type 2-diabetes, African Americans were 1.87 times 95% CI (1.24-2.81) to have type 2-diabetes, and Asians were 2.43 times 95% CI (1.81-3.28) times more likely to have type 2-diabetes after controlling for all other variables in the study.

Beyond Ethnicity as Risk Factor

Author : Lara Louise Watkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 900 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (475 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Ethnicity as Risk Factor by : Lara Louise Watkins

Download or read book Beyond Ethnicity as Risk Factor written by Lara Louise Watkins and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Equity, Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241563974
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Equity, Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Equity, Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Introduction and methods of work.-- 2. Alcohol: equity and social determinants.-- 3. Cardiovascular disease: equity and social determinants.-- 4. Health and nutrition of children: equity and social determinants.-- 5. Diabetes: equity and social determinants.-- 6. Food safety: equity and social determinants.-- 7. Mental disorders: equity and social determinants.-- 8. Neglected tropical diseases: equity and social determinants.-- 9. Oral health: equity and social determinants.-- 10. Unintended pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: equity and social determinants.-- 11. Tobacco use: equity and social determinants.-- 12. Tuberculosis: the role of risk factors and social determinants.-- 13. Violence and unintentional injury: equity and social determinants.-- 14. Synergy for equity.

Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health

Author : National Academy of Medicine
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309705394
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health by : National Academy of Medicine

Download or read book Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health written by National Academy of Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2023-09-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social factors, signals, and biases shape the health of our nation. Racism and poverty manifest in unequal social, environmental, and economic conditions, resulting in deep-rooted health disparities that carry over from generation to generation. In Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health, authors call for collective action across sectors to reverse the debilitating and often lethal consequences of health inequity. This edited volume of discussion papers provides recommendations to advance the agenda to promote health equity for all. Organized by research approaches and policy implications, systems that perpetuate or ameliorate health disparities, and specific examples of ways in which health disparities manifest in communities of color, this Special Publication provides a stark look at how health and well-being are nurtured, protected, and preserved where people live, learn, work, and play. All of our nation's institutions have important roles to play even if they do not think of their purpose as fundamentally linked to health and well-being. The rich discussions found throughout Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health make way for the translation of policies and actions to improve health and health equity for all citizens of our society. The major health problems of our time cannot be solved by health care alone. They cannot be solved by public health alone. Collective action is needed, and it is needed now.

Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309671035
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social isolation and loneliness are serious yet underappreciated public health risks that affect a significant portion of the older adult population. Approximately one-quarter of community-dwelling Americans aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated, and a significant proportion of adults in the United States report feeling lonely. People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. As older adults are particularly high-volume and high-frequency users of the health care system, there is an opportunity for health care professionals to identify, prevent, and mitigate the adverse health impacts of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults summarizes the evidence base and explores how social isolation and loneliness affect health and quality of life in adults aged 50 and older, particularly among low income, underserved, and vulnerable populations. This report makes recommendations specifically for clinical settings of health care to identify those who suffer the resultant negative health impacts of social isolation and loneliness and target interventions to improve their social conditions. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults considers clinical tools and methodologies, better education and training for the health care workforce, and dissemination and implementation that will be important for translating research into practice, especially as the evidence base for effective interventions continues to flourish.

Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030946921X
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-04-02 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide benefits based on disability: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. This report analyzes health care utilizations as they relate to impairment severity and SSA's definition of disability. Health Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination identifies types of utilizations that might be good proxies for "listing-level" severity; that is, what represents an impairment, or combination of impairments, that are severe enough to prevent a person from doing any gainful activity, regardless of age, education, or work experience.