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A Novel Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Of Lignocellulosic Biomass For Production Of Ethanol
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Book Synopsis A Novel Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Production of Ethanol by : Anantharam P. Dadi
Download or read book A Novel Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Production of Ethanol written by Anantharam P. Dadi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aspects Critical to Advancing Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Technique as a Viable Approach for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion by : Thehazhnan K. Ponnaiyan
Download or read book Aspects Critical to Advancing Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Technique as a Viable Approach for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion written by Thehazhnan K. Ponnaiyan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Declining nonrenewable petroleum resources combined with political and environmental concerns over fossil fuels have necessitated the search for alternate energy sources. Plant (lignocellulosic) biomass, which includes the fibrous, woody, and generally inedible portion of plant matter, is an abundant, inexpensive, and sustainable source of organic carbon that can be processed to produce fuel ethanol and a variety of other chemicals. The biological conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol could offer high yields at low costs, but only if more improvement is seen in technology for releasing simple sugars from recalcitrant biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of three major components- cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The cellulose and hemicellulose portions when hydrolyzed into glucose and pentose sugars, can be fermented to produce fuel. The pretreatment of biomass is a crucial step, and in recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) have been gaining recognition as environmentally benign solvents for biomass pretreatment, owing to their favorable properties. Although a promising route, IL pretreatment still harbors several critical aspects that require further investigation, and the goal of this dissertation is to address these concerns. A key aspect that influences the economic viability of the ionic liquid pretreatment technique is the recovery and reuse of ILs. The extent of recovery of the IL under investigation, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIM-Ac), is investigated and the results are presented in chapter 3. It is shown that the ionic liquid does not irreversibly adsorb onto the biomass and can be recovered in the displacement solvent (water is used as antisolvent for separating ionic liquid from the biomass after pretreatment) at different biomass loadings. Nearly complete recovery of IL in wash solutions is achieved and no appreciable loss in its effectiveness for subsequent pretreatment is observed for over 9 recycle stages. However, the water from the IL-water wash mix needs to be separated from the IL to facilitate its continued efficiency for further pretreatment. From a techno-economic point of view, when such separations are employed on an industrial scale, the energy aspects involved in the recovery of ionic liquids become important. A better understanding of the driving force for separation between the ionic liquid and the antisolvent requires the availability of vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) for the binary mixture.This provides the motivation to develop a novel and rapid method for the generation of (VLE) data using thermogravimetric analysis, and the results are discussed in chapter 4. VLE data over almost the entire composition range of EMIMAc-water mixtures at five different temperatures (60.0, 70.0, 80.0, 90.0 and 100.0 °C) is generated. This method may be extended to other hydrophilic IL-water systems or to IL-ethanol binary mixtures as well. In the instance when ethanol is used as the antisolvent during the pretreatment step, again, it is necessary to separate the ethanol from the IL by suitable means before the IL can be reused. In light of this, it is of interest to quantify the amount of ethanol remaining in the IL, if any, after the separation. This motive led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the determination of residual ethanol content in hydrophilic ILs, and the results are presented in chapter 5. The method utilizes headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography to quantify ethanol in ILs. In an integrated biorefinery, another key aspect that can reinforce economic viability is the complete utilization of all components of the biomass, including the lignin portion, to produce value added products. Lignin, given its interesting functionalities and properties owing to its complex aromatic nature, has ample potential to be converted in a wide array of value-added products ranging from adhesives and surfactants to flame retardant material and aromatic acids. Since the IL pretreatment technique is relatively new, the kind of lignin resulting from such a pretreatment needs to be better understood as it is important to assess its usability for further processing. This motive resulted in the characterization of lignin produced from IL pretreated biomass, as discussed in chapter 6. Techniques employed include Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Elemental Analysis, Elemental CHN (Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen) analysis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (13NMR), Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and MatrixAssisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI-MS). A better understanding of these key aspects mentioned above will help facilitate further advancement of the IL pretreatment technique as a viable approach for lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
Book Synopsis Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production by : Pratima Bajpai
Download or read book Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biomass-to-biofuel conversion processes, which is an important step in increasing ethanol production for biofuels. It also highlights the main challenges and suggests possible ways to make these technologies feasible for the biofuel industry. The biological conversion of cellulosic biomass into bioethanol is based on the chemical and biological breakdown of biomass into aqueous sugars, for example using hydrolytic enzymes. The fermentable sugars can then be further processed into ethanol or other advanced biofuels. Pretreatment is required to break down the lignin structure and disrupt the crystalline structure of cellulose so that the acids or enzymes can easily access and hydrolyze the cellulose. Pre-treatment can be the most expensive process in converting biomass to fuel, but there is great potential for improving the efficiency and lowering costs through further research and development. This book is aimed at academics and industrial practitioners who are interested in the higher production of ethanol for biofuels.
Book Synopsis Characterization and Saccharification of Ionic Liquid Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Indira Priya Samayam
Download or read book Characterization and Saccharification of Ionic Liquid Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Indira Priya Samayam and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this dissertation research is to gain a more fundamental understanding of the impact of ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in production of ethanol and other chemicals through a sugar platform and biochemical conversion of polysaccharides to monomeric sugars. Recalcitrance of cellulose hydrolysis is a primary roadblock for efficient enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to monomeric sugars that are fermented to ethanol or other products. The structure of lignocellulosic biomass is rendered amenable to enzymatic saccharification upon IL pretreatment. Changes in the structure of cellulose in relation to the biomass digestibility with varying ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment were examined. Conversion of native cellulose I to amorphous cellulose or cellulose II improved the susceptibility of cellulose to enzymatic hydrolysis. The performance of commercial enzyme mixtures were evaluated through saccharification of IL pretreated biomass substrates (poplar and switchgrass) at low biomass slurry concentrations. Poplar and switchgrass hydrolysis with commercial cellulase, Spezyme CP, and Multifect Xylanase showed synergism between the two enzymes. However, switchgrass hydrolysis was less complete than that of poplar, likely due to differences in hemicellulose structural features. Hydrolysis of polysaccharides in lignocellulose at high biomass slurry concentrations is essential in economical fermentation of hydrolyzates to ethanol and other products. Commercial enzyme mixtures were varied for simultaneous or sequential hydrolysis and fermentation of pentose and hexose sugars with Pichia stipitis for IL treated poplar. In sequential hydrolysis of poplar at modest enzyme loadings of 9 mg/g xylan Multifect Xylanase, 1.8 mg/ g xylan SXA (ß-xylosidase) at 50°C in the first step and 10 FPU/g glucan Spezyme CP, and 40 CBU/g glucan Novozyme 188 at 25°C in the second step, the yields of glucose and xylose at 15% (w/v) solid loadings were 61% and 83%, respectively. The incomplete hydrolysis may be due to the accumulation of cellobiose and low activity of enzymes at 25°C. Further increase in Novozyme 188 loadings or hydrolysis may improve hydrolysis yields. A maximum of 66% theoretical ethanol yield based on initial sugar analysis of poplar was expected from these hydrolyzates if all the released sugars were fermented to ethanol. In sequential hydrolysis and fermentation with P. stipitis, 56% theoretical ethanol yields based on the initial sugar composition of poplar respectively was achieved.
Book Synopsis Lignocellulosic Biomass Refining for Second Generation Biofuel Production by : Ponnusami V.
Download or read book Lignocellulosic Biomass Refining for Second Generation Biofuel Production written by Ponnusami V. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-07-14 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles research aspects of second-generation (2G) biofuel production derived specifically from lignocellulose biomass using biorefinery methods. It focuses on the valorization of different sources of 2G biofuels and their relative importance. The constituents of lignocelluloses and their potential characteristics different methods of treating lignocellulose, various means of lignocellulose bioconversion, and biofuel production strategies are discussed. Features: Describes technological advancements for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic waste. Provides the roadmap for the production and utilization of 2G biofuels. Introduces the strategic role of metabolic engineering in the development of 2G biofuels. Discusses technological advancements, life cycle assessment, and prospects. Explores the novel potential lignocellulosic biomass for 2G biofuels. This book is aimed at researchers and professionals in renewable energy, biofuel, bioethanol, lignocellulose conversion, fermentation, and chemical engineering.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Anuj Chandel
Download or read book Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Anuj Chandel and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides important aspects of sustainable degradation of lignocellulosic biomass which has a pivotal role for the economic production of several value-added products and biofuels with safe environment. Different pretreatment techniques and enzymatic hydrolysis process along with the characterization of cell wall components have been discussed broadly. The following features of this book attribute its distinctiveness: This book comprehensively covers the improvement in methodologies for the biomass pretreatment, hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown into fermentable sugars, the analytical methods for biomass characterization, and bioconversion of cellulosics into biofuels. In addition, mechanistic analysis of biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have been discussed in details, highlighting key factors influencing these processes at industrial scale.
Book Synopsis Green Biomass Pretreatment for Biofuels Production by : Tingyue Gu
Download or read book Green Biomass Pretreatment for Biofuels Production written by Tingyue Gu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing global demand for energy requires a versatile approach, prompting many researchers to focus on renewable bioenergy from different biomasses, especially cellulosic biomass. Such biomasses can be agricultural wastes, municipal wastes or direct harvests from high-yield energy corps. If properly pre-treated, the subsequent enzyme hydrolysis step is much more effective and can effectively minimises the waste disposal. Green Biomass Pretreatment for Biofuels Production reviews a range of pretreatment methods such as ammonium fiber explosion, steam explosion, dilute acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, and supercritical carbon dioxide explosion focusing on their final sugar yields from hemicellulose, glucose yields from cellulose, as well as on their feasibilities in bioenergy production processes at various scales. This book emphasises the tactical mobile and on-farm scales applications that use green pretreatments and processing technologies without the need of on-site waste treatment. Because of the varieties of different biomasses, no single pretreatment is expected to be the universal choice. Some of the pretreatment methods present niche applications are also discussed.
Book Synopsis Pre-treatment Methods of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production by : Shyamal Roy
Download or read book Pre-treatment Methods of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production written by Shyamal Roy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel is materially obstructed by the compositional and chemical complexity of biomaterials, resulting in a challenge in using these as raw materials for the biofuel production process. This book explains various lignocellulosic biomass pre-treatment methods with emphasis on concepts, practicability, mechanisms of action, and advantages and disadvantages and potential for industrial applications. It also highlights the main challenges and suggests possible ways to make these pre-treatment technologies feasible for the biofuel industry. Features Presents different pre-treatment technologies available for lignocellulosic biomass in a concise manner. Covers use of different pre-treatment methods in laboratory to industrial scales. Includes combined pre-treatment and deep eutectic solvents methods. Discusses problems related to industrial adaptation and corresponding economics of different techniques. Explores significant fuels and chemicals derived from lignocellulosic biomass. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers working on biomass conversion, characterization, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, microbial enzymes, fermentation technology, and industrial biotechnology.
Book Synopsis Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock Based Biorefinery by : S.I. Mussatto
Download or read book Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock Based Biorefinery written by S.I. Mussatto and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-02-18 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock-based Biorefinery reviews the extensive research and tremendous scientific and technological developments that have occurred in the area of biorefinering, including industrial processes and product development using ‘green technologies’, often referred as white biotechnology. As there is a huge need for new design concepts for modern biorefineries as an alternative and amendment to industrial crude oil and gas refineries, this book presents the most important topics related to biomass fractionation, including advances, challenges, and perspectives, all with references to current literature for further study. Presented in 26 chapters by international field specialists, each chapter consists of review text that comprises the most recent advances, challenges, and perspectives for each fractionation technique. The book is an indispensable reference for all professionals, students, and workers involved in biomass biorefinery, assisting them in establishing efficient and economically viable process technologies for biomass fractionation. Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment processes and technologies for biomass Reviews numerous valuable products from lignocellulose Discusses integration of processes for complete biomass conversion with minimum waste generation Identifies the research gaps in scale-up Presents an indispensable reference for all professionals, students, and workers involved in biomass biorefinery, assisting them in establishing efficient and economically viable process technologies for biomass fractionation
Book Synopsis Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Ionic Liquids by : Zhen Fang
Download or read book Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Ionic Liquids written by Zhen Fang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of ionic liquids to biomass for producing biofuels and chemicals will be one of the hot research areas during the next decade due to the fascinating properties of these versatile group of solvents that allow them to dissolve lignocellulosic materials. The present text provides up-to-date fundamentals, state-of-the-art reviews, current assessments and prospects in this area, including aspects of pretreatment, fermentation, biomass dissolution, cellulose transformation, reaction kinetics and physical properties, as well as the subsequent production of biofuels and platform chemicals such as sugars, aldehydes and acids. Auxiliary methods such as catalysis, microwave and enzymatic techniques used in the transformations are covered. Both researchers and practitioners are certain to find a wealth of information in the individual chapters, which were written by experts in the field to provide an essential basis for assessing possible pretreatment and transformation routes of biomass using ionic liquids, and for developing new methods and chemical processes. Dr. Zhen Fang is Professor of Bioenergy, head of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Biomass Group, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden and is also an Adjunct Professor of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China. Dr. Richard L Smith, Jr. is Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, Japan. Dr. Xinhua Qi is Professor of Environmental Science at Nankai University, China.
Book Synopsis Solubility of Polysaccharides by : Zhenbo Xu
Download or read book Solubility of Polysaccharides written by Zhenbo Xu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugars, with a scientific term as saccharides, are involved in various aspects in the lives of human beings, including the sense of taste, energy for daily life, etc. Recent development in polysaccharides, as well as the background knowledge in this field, further deepens insight into their roles as healthy supplements. In this book, the principles on polysaccharides' solubility and structure, methodologies and application of polysaccharides have been reviewed. The chapters in this book include the relationship between structure and solubility of polysaccharide, the experimental and computational researches on polysaccharide solubility and the common polysaccharide, which may further aid scholars and researchers in regard to solubility of polysaccharides, methodologies and modification.
Book Synopsis Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass by :
Download or read book Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lignocellulosic Biomass Production and Industrial Applications by : Arindam Kuila
Download or read book Lignocellulosic Biomass Production and Industrial Applications written by Arindam Kuila and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production as well as other industrial applications such as in biotechnology, paper and pulp, chemical and bioplastics. Lignocellulosic materials such as agricultural residues (e.g., wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, corn stover), forest products (hardwood and softwood), and crops such as switchgrass and salix, are becoming a potent source for generating valuable products. Lignocellulosic Biomass Production and Industrial Applications describes the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for various applications. Although there have been numerous reports on lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel application, there have been very few other applications reported for lignocellulosic biomass-based biotechnology, chemicals and polymers. This book covers both application areas. Besides describing the various types of biofuel production, such as bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel and biogas from lignocellulosic biomass, it also presents various other lignocellulosic biomass biorefinery applications for the production of enzymes, chemicals, polymers, paper and bioplastics. In addition, there are chapters on valorization of lignocellulosic materials, alkali treatment to improve the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of lignocellulosic natural fibers, and a discussion of the major benefits, limitations and future prospects of the use of lignocellulosic biomass.
Book Synopsis A Life Cycle Assessment of Ionic Liquid Pretreatment for Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Greg M. Avery
Download or read book A Life Cycle Assessment of Ionic Liquid Pretreatment for Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Greg M. Avery and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research is to perform a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of an ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment, beginning with the harvested lignocellulosic feedstock poplar and ending with the monosaccharide product glucose. This LCA looks at two different routes for IL incubation and pretreatment: the more traditional high-temperature route (HTR) and low-temperature route (LTR) which consists of a two-step pretreatment with an oxidation step followed by IL incubation. This LCA examines the effects of chemical and energy inputs when determining the environmental impacts for production of one kilogram of the functional unit glucose. Impacts were not allocated to xylose and lignin co-products. The impact categories included in the LCA are Global Warming Potential (GWP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Photochemical Oxidation Creation Potential (POCP), Acidification Potential (AP), and Eutrophication Potential (EP). The effects of recovering and recycling the IL and anti-solvent used in the LTR and HTR pretreatment are also examined. The anti-solvents used in this analysis were ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile. The recovery methods examined are evaporation and supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE). The combination of LTR, HTR, anti-solvent choice, and recovery method results in a total of twelve scenarios examined in the LCA. Experiments were performed using SCFE to determine the ratio of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to anti-solvent as a function of recovery of anti-solvent from IL. Energy inputs were estimated for several composite parts of the process: pretreatment, saccharification, and IL/anti-solvent recovery. Recovery steps required the largest portion of total energy input. Thermal and electrical energy inputs and their associated impacts were also defined. The energy inputs for SCFE were derived from chemical process simulation with AspenPlus. Heat integration was used to minimize energy requirements. The LTR was found to produce fewer impacts than the HTR in most scenarios for both chemical and energy inputs. Determining which anti-solvent and recovery method is the most sustainable depends on the impact category chosen for comparison. Acetonitrile requires the least amount of CO2 for recovery with SCFE, and subsequently produces fewer impacts than methanol or ethanol in each impact category when SCFE is used. SCFE has lower impacts in GWP, POCP, and AP than evaporation when acetonitrile is used as the anti-solvent. For this scenario, the least impactful route (LTR or HTR) depends on which impact category is chosen for comparison. Evaporation requires less energy input for recovery compared to SCFE when ethanol or methanol is used as the anti-solvent and more when acetonitrile is used. The scenario that produces the fewest overall impacts is ethanol anti-solvent (followed by methanol anti-solvent), using the LTR and evaporation recovery method. This is true in all impact categories. This is conditional upon recovering ~98% of the IL and anti-solvent from biomass washing during pretreatment, and ~100% with either recovery method.
Book Synopsis Aqueous Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Biological and Chemical Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals by : Charles E. Wyman
Download or read book Aqueous Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Biological and Chemical Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals written by Charles E. Wyman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant biomass is attracting increasing attention as a sustainable resource for large-scale production of renewable fuels and chemicals. However, in order to successfully compete with petroleum, it is vital that biomass conversion processes are designed to minimize costs and maximize yields. Advances in pretreatment technology are critical in order to develop high-yielding, cost-competitive routes to renewable fuels and chemicals. Aqueous Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Biological and Chemical Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals presents a comprehensive overview of the currently available aqueous pretreatment technologies for cellulosic biomass, highlighting the fundamental chemistry and biology of each method, key attributes and limitations, and opportunities for future advances. Topics covered include: • The importance of biomass conversion to fuels • The role of pretreatment in biological and chemical conversion of biomass • Composition and structure of biomass, and recalcitrance to conversion • Fundamentals of biomass pretreatment at low, neutral and high pH • Ionic liquid and organosolv pretreatments to fractionate biomass • Comparative data for application of leading pretreatments and effect of enzyme formulations • Physical and chemical features of pretreated biomass • Economics of pretreatment for biological processing • Methods of analysis and enzymatic conversion of biomass streams • Experimental pretreatment systems from multiwell plates to pilot plant operations This comprehensive reference book provides an authoritative source of information on the pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to aid those experienced in the field to access the most current information on the topic. It will also be invaluable to those entering the growing field of biomass conversion.
Book Synopsis Pretreatment of Cellulosic Biomass by Iron-containing Magnetic Ionic Liquid Dissolution by : Christopher R. Riley
Download or read book Pretreatment of Cellulosic Biomass by Iron-containing Magnetic Ionic Liquid Dissolution written by Christopher R. Riley and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this project is to determine the effectiveness in the preprocessing of biomass when magnetic ionic liquids (MIL) (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate (Bmim[FeCl4 ]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate (Emim[FeCl4 ])) are used as a green solvent. Lignocellulose is a promising starting material for a plethora of products, ranging from biofuels to custom chemicals; however, lignocellulose is resistant to enzymatic degradation. Various biomass-preprocessing techniques such as microbial, mechanical, and chemical pretreatment are used for enhancing the digestibility of biomass to sugars for ethanol production. Varieties of ionic liquids have demonstrated the ability to fragment lignocellulose. However, after fragmentation, separation of biomass and ionic liquids has proven to present economic challenges for this pretreatment process. Research has proven that the addition of magnetic properties to the ionic liquid can be used to stabilize the ionic liquids and prevent its loss or other detrimental fluid/fluid interactions in the bioreactor. Therefore, this paper presents the outcomes of such MIL dissolution studies.
Book Synopsis Biofuel Technologies by : Vijai Kumar Gupta
Download or read book Biofuel Technologies written by Vijai Kumar Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-26 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels are considered to be the main potential replacement for fossil fuels in the near future. In this book international experts present recent advances in biofuel research and related technologies. Topics include biomethane and biobutanol production, microbial fuel cells, feedstock production, biomass pre-treatment, enzyme hydrolysis, genetic manipulation of microbial cells and their application in the biofuels industry, bioreactor systems, and economical processing technologies for biofuel residues. The chapters provide concise information to help understand the technology-related implications of biofuels development. Moreover, recent updates on biofuel feedstocks, biofuel types, associated co- and byproducts and their applications are highlighted. The book addresses the needs of postgraduate researchers and scientists across diverse disciplines and industrial sectors in which biofuel technologies and related research and experimentation are pursued.
