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A New Security Order The United States And The European Community In The 1990s
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Book Synopsis A New Security Order : the United States and the European Community in the 1990's by : Catherine McArdle Kelleher
Download or read book A New Security Order : the United States and the European Community in the 1990's written by Catherine McArdle Kelleher and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The 1990s: A Decade of Transition to a New European Security Order by :
Download or read book The 1990s: A Decade of Transition to a New European Security Order written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1990s promise to be a decade of major structural change in Europe -- the most profound restructuring of the political, economic, and military balance of power in Europe since World War II. Whether or not the United States emerges at decade's end with an enduring role in the European security equation consonant with its interests depends on whether it correctly assesses the changes now underway, having clear goals and a road map to guide the process. This essay examines the multifaceted nature of the changes now sweeping Europe in Soviet policies; in the peaceful democratic revolutions in Central and Eastern Europe; in the coming unification of Germany; in the strengthening of the political integration of the European Community; in the pan-European security environment beginning to take shape in the CSCE process; and, inevitably, in the need to adapt NATO to Europe's new security needs. The thesis of this paper is that the United States has an enduring geopolitical interest in Europe's security, and that that interest is best pursued by maintaining an institutional link between it and the democracies of Western Europe. By extending deterrence to the NATO European states, the United States has for 40 years helped to maintain the balance of power in Europe, and that role must continue. As Europe changes, however, NATO must adapt and so must the U.S. role in Europe's security. First, NATO must be sufficiently flexible to include a unified Germany. Second, NATO must accommodate the emerging Europeanization of Europe's defense. Third, the U.S. role in NATO must change, with fewer commitments consonant with its reduced available resources. This paper addresses these issues and highlights the enduring role of extended nuclear deterrence and the new role of reassurance for fostering stability in post-Cold War Europe. Key milestones for the 1990s that will be critical to the successful completion of the process of European security transformation also are discussed. 7.
Book Synopsis The European Security and Defense Policy by : Robert E. Hunter
Download or read book The European Security and Defense Policy written by Robert E. Hunter and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2002-04-29 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) in the last two-thirds of the 1990s and continuing into the new century, has been a complex process intertwining politics, economics, national cultures, and numerous institutions. This book provides an essential background for understanding how security issues as between NATO and the European Union are being posed for the early part of the 21st century, including the new circumstances following the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001. This study should be of interest to those interested in the evolution of U.S.-European relations, especially in, but not limited to, the security field; the development of institutional relationships; and key choices that lie ahead in regard to these critical arrangements.
Book Synopsis Security Strategy and Transatlantic Relations by : Roland Dannreuther
Download or read book Security Strategy and Transatlantic Relations written by Roland Dannreuther and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this much-needed study of current strategic thinking on both sides of the Atlantic, a diverse collection of leading European and American analysts are assembled to tackle key questions that remain unanswered in the existing literature: how much do new security strategies signal convergence or divergence in US and EU foreign and security policy doctrine? what tangible political and policy impacts can be attributed to new security strategies? what are the implications for US and EU policies towards specific regions? what are the prospects for collective transatlantic action? The legacy of 9/11 is scrutinized against the backdrop of the strategic thinking that preceded it. In the 1990s, the US struggled to develop a new doctrine for American foreign policy, seeking at various times to promote a ‘New World Order’ or ‘democratic enlargement’. For its part, the EU had tried to underpin its new Common Foreign and Security Policy with a coherent set of ‘European values’ – multilateralism, human rights, environmental protection, and poverty reduction – that were best defended via collective European action. Key continuities and changes in these transatlantic efforts since 9/11 are clearly identified and closely examined.
Book Synopsis Challenges to American National Security in the 1990s by : M. Nacht
Download or read book Challenges to American National Security in the 1990s written by M. Nacht and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-05-04 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decade of the 1990s offers a chance to build a new and better international order. What policy choices will this decade pose for the United States? This wide-ranging volume of essays imaginatively addresses these crucial issues. The peaceful revolutions of 1989-1990 in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have swept away the foundations of the Cold War. The Eastern European nations are free; Europe is no longer divided; Germany is united. The Soviet threat to Western Europe is ending with the collapse of the Warsaw Pact and the withdrawals and asymmetrical cuts of Soviet forces. And U.S.-Soviet rivalry in the Third World is giving way to cooperation in handling conflicts, as in Iraq and elsewhere. Much, of course, remains uncertain and unsettled. What sort of Soviet Union will emerge from the ongoing turmoil, with what political and economic system and what state structure? How far and how soon will the Eastern Euro pean states succeed in developing pluralist democracies and market economies? Are the changes irreversible? Certainly there will be turmoil, backsliding, and failures, but a return to the Cold War hardly seems likely.
Book Synopsis European Security in the 1990s by : W. Laqueur
Download or read book European Security in the 1990s written by W. Laqueur and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rarely if ever have the political, economic, and military foundations of the Western Alliance been in such a state of flux. Walter Laqueur and Leon Sloss, therefore, deserve credit not just for the quality of the analysis in this superb book but also for the timeliness of its appearance. As Laqueur says in his chapter "Touring the Western European Defense Hori zon," if the likely development of European defense policies is not particularly reassuring, at least it gives no grounds for despair. The list of problems we face is a daunting one. First there is the spiralling cost of defense expenditures, particularly in the absence of significant NATO or inter-European cooperation. This is particu larly serious in light of the reluctance to increase, or even maintain, current expen ditures in the midst of Mikhail Gorbachev's "peace offensive" and the extraordinary changes in Eastern Europe, both of which have had a dramatic impact on Western public opinion. There is also a problem in the perceived relative economic decline of the United States vis-a-vis Western Europe and Japan, which only exacerbates calls to reduce the number of American troops in Europe. Other dangers to the political cohesion and military credibility of the alliance include demographic trends that threaten current manpower levels, transatlantic acrimony over the burden-sharing issue, and political pressures (particularly in West Germany) toward denucleariza tion and even neutralism.
Book Synopsis No Place for Russia by : William H. Hill
Download or read book No Place for Russia written by William H. Hill and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optimistic vision of a “Europe whole and free” after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 has given way to disillusionment, bitterness, and renewed hostility between Russia and the West. In No Place for Russia, William H. Hill traces the development of the post–Cold War European security order to explain today’s tensions, showing how attempts to integrate Russia into a unified Euro-Atlantic security order were gradually overshadowed by the domination of NATO and the EU—at Russia’s expense. Hill argues that the redivision of Europe has been largely unintended and not the result of any single decision or action. Instead, the current situation is the cumulative result of many decisions—reasonably made at the time—that gradually produced the current security architecture and led to mutual mistrust. Hill analyzes the United States’ decision to remain in Europe after the Cold War, the emergence of Germany as a major power on the continent, and the transformation of Russia into a nation-state, placing major weight on NATO’s evolution from an alliance dedicated primarily to static collective territorial defense into a security organization with global ambitions and capabilities. Closing with Russia’s annexation of Crimea and war in eastern Ukraine, No Place for Russia argues that the post–Cold War security order in Europe has been irrevocably shattered, to be replaced by a new and as-yet-undefined order.
Book Synopsis National security strategy of the United States by : United States. President (1989-1993 : Bush)
Download or read book National security strategy of the United States written by United States. President (1989-1993 : Bush) and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The European Security and Defense Policy by :
Download or read book The European Security and Defense Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. National Security Policies for the 1990s by : Charles L. Pearce
Download or read book U.S. National Security Policies for the 1990s written by Charles L. Pearce and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Europe and the United States by : Glennon J. Harrison
Download or read book Europe and the United States written by Glennon J. Harrison and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A product of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the US House of Representatives, this text studies the emergence of a more unified Europe as an economic and political power, and the implications of European integration for the United States.
Book Synopsis The EU, the UN and Collective Security by : Joachim Krause
Download or read book The EU, the UN and Collective Security written by Joachim Krause and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the effectiveness of multilateralism in ensuring collective security and, in particular, the EU's role in this process. In 1992, shortly after the end of the Cold War, a Security Council Summit in New York reaffirmed the salience of the system of collective security and stated the determination of the Heads of State to maintain it as the prime international instrument for preserving peace. Twenty years later, however, the record of collective security as well as of multilateralism has not been very encouraging. The system of collective security, as enshrined in the United Nations (UN) Charter, failed repeatedly to accomplish its mandate in the 1990s and has led to controversial debates in the United States and Europe that reached a climax during the Iraq crisis in 2002/03. The volume draws upon both theoretical and empirical research to answer the following core questions: What are the reasons that have made multilateralism either effective or ineffective in the field of peacekeeping, peace preservation and peacebuilding? How can multilateralism be made more effective? How can attempts made by Europe to render UN multilateralism in the security area more efficient be assessed? This book will be of much interest to students of peacebuilding/peacekeeping, EU policy, the UN, security studies and IR in general.
Book Synopsis The Fall of the Iron Curtain and the Rise of Non-Traditional Security Threats by : Dominik Kalweit
Download or read book The Fall of the Iron Curtain and the Rise of Non-Traditional Security Threats written by Dominik Kalweit and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Western Europe, grade: B+, University of Malta (University of Malta - Faculty of Arts / International Relations), course: European Security and Defence II (IRL2095), 24 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The socio - political developments of the outgoing 1980s and beginning 1990s to the greatest extent in Europe initiated the rise of a new era, impacting various political, societal and economic levels drastically throughout the world. With the fall of the Iron Curtain, i.e. the drowning of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and its split into (semi-) independent states, the breakdown of East Germany (GDR) and its unification with the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), and the turn up of the United States of America (USA) as the only liable superpower, the final act of the forty years lasting Cold War era found its cumulating closure. The paradigm of the West versus the East, of democracy versus communism was determined, and new patterns had and - since this redefinition appears to be an ongoing process - have to be rethought. In terms of security, the school of the political scientist Barry Buzan presented a structural cluster for the understanding of new evolving threats, resulting from the dissolution of the bipolarity with Russia and USA as having been oppositional poles of more or less equal strength. Apart from the military - related aspects that have dominated the thinking of conflict research throughout the period of the Cold War, this approach includes the means of politics, society, economy and environment as inter-relating and equally impacting issues of high importance for the analysis of security politika. This analysis strives to present the main issues which characterise the transformation of the European security system from the 1990s until today. Hereby, conceptual approaches regarding a theoretical framework of th
Book Synopsis The Common Foreign and Security Policy of the EU by : Daniel Herrmann
Download or read book The Common Foreign and Security Policy of the EU written by Daniel Herrmann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2005-02-04 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 2,1, Vrije University Brussel (Vakgroep Politische Wetenschapen), course: European Relations, language: English, abstract: What is the Common Foreign Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union? What are its intentions and goals, how is it situated in the framework of the European Union? How can decisions be made in that context and what influences the outcome of this process? Attempts of explanation will be made, although it is expected that the reader has sufficient knowledge about the history of european cooperation on the fields of foreign and security issues, as this research will start with the foundation of the CFSP in the Treaty on the European Union of Maastricht 1992/93. After investigation of the abilities and concepts of the CFSP the case of Serbia and Montenegro shall be put into focus. What has happened in the region paralell to the development of the CFSP in the decade of 1990 – 2000, affecting this new state. What sort of engagement was imposed by the European Union? Did it have adequate success or was it an overall failure to try and would have been better to leave this matter to the United States “South Eastern European Cooperative Initiative” (SECI)? What was achieved through the Belgrade Agreement of March 2002, a real solution or a sort of ceasefire between the parties? Concluding the two research questions and presenting three different but in fact not so different views on the development of engangement of the European Union in southeastern europe shall then lead into a conclusion dealing with the question wether or not the CFSP and its initiatives can be a tool to improve the position of the EU in the world context and as a regional actor.
Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Book Synopsis The United States and the European Union in the 1990s by : Kevin Featherstone
Download or read book The United States and the European Union in the 1990s written by Kevin Featherstone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text probes USA/EU relations at a critical juncture in international relations. It argues that, as both partners engage in wholesale rethinking of common interests, the marriage of convenience of the 1950s could become perilous if appropriate responses are not made to the changing world.
Book Synopsis The Rise of European Security Cooperation by : Seth G. Jones
Download or read book The Rise of European Security Cooperation written by Seth G. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most striking developments in recent international politics has been the significant increase in security cooperation among European Union states. Seth Jones argues that this increase in cooperation, in areas such as economic sanctions, weapons production and collaboration among military forces, has occurred because of the changing structure of the international and regional systems. Since the end of the Cold War, the international system has shifted from a bipolar to a unipolar structure characterized by United States dominance. This has caused EU states to cooperate in the security realm to increase their ability to project power abroad and to decrease reliance on the US. Furthermore, European leaders in the early 1990s adopted a 'binding' strategy to ensure long-term peace on the continent, suggesting that security cooperation is caused by a desire to preserve peace in Europe whilst building power abroad.
