A New Portable Polar Nephelometer With Angularly Resolved Light Intensity Detection For The Determination Of Mie Scattering Of Aerosol Particles

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A New Portable Polar Nephelometer with Angularly Resolved Light Intensity Detection for the Determination of Mie Scattering of Aerosol Particles

Author : Clinton J. McCrowey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis A New Portable Polar Nephelometer with Angularly Resolved Light Intensity Detection for the Determination of Mie Scattering of Aerosol Particles by : Clinton J. McCrowey

Download or read book A New Portable Polar Nephelometer with Angularly Resolved Light Intensity Detection for the Determination of Mie Scattering of Aerosol Particles written by Clinton J. McCrowey and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction of solar radiation with atmospheric aerosol particles has an important, yet poorly understood, effect on Earth's radiation balance. Indeed it is unclear whether certain particles provide a net warming or cooling effect on Earth's climate. Also, atmospheric particles can alter visibility in the atmosphere, particularly in urban areas and the optical properties of aerosol particles need to be better understood for remote sensing studies of the atmosphere. This thesis presents a novel, miniaturized, field deployable polar nephelometer for the measurement of the scattering properties of atmospheric aerosol particles. The instrument collects light scattered from an aerosol using an elliptical mirror and charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The nephelometer measures angular scattering intensity (phase function) and degree of linear polarization across an angle range of 200 - 155 degrees at a resolution as high as 0.31 - 0.59 degrees per pixel, a better resolution than previous instruments. The efficacy of the instrument was confirmed by laboratory measurements of the scattering properties of various sizes of polystyrene latex (PSL) microspheres at a wavelength of 532 nm. The simplicity of the design, relatively low cost, and ability to measure multiple angles simultaneously makes this instrument an improvement over other, more complicated devices. The design can potentially be adapted to future ground and aircraft-based studies of anthropogenic and naturally occurring atmospheric particles.

Development of a Scanning Nephelometer for Rapid Particle Size Analysis

Author : Tjau-Yuen Kelvin Cheung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of a Scanning Nephelometer for Rapid Particle Size Analysis by : Tjau-Yuen Kelvin Cheung

Download or read book Development of a Scanning Nephelometer for Rapid Particle Size Analysis written by Tjau-Yuen Kelvin Cheung and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concept for a new nephelometer, an instrument used to measure particulate matter (PM) size distribution and mass concentration, was investigated. The nephelometer characterizes particle size based upon the angular dependence of light scattered by a particulate-laden sample. More specifically, the size distribution is found by comparing an experimental light scattering pattern, measured via the angular light scattering detection capabilities of the nephelometer, to a database of theoretical scattering patterns generated by Mie theory calculations. The novel aspect of the device, called a scanning nephelometer, is the use of a 5.3 kHz scanning mirror to change the angle of the laser beam incident on the particulate sample relative to a fixed detector. The high scan frequency offers the possibility of very high temporal resolution measurements of aerosol properties. The design and performance characteristics of the scanning nephelometer system evolved through a development process that compared its behavior against fundamental measurements and expected theoretical behavior. The experiments studied the scattering characteristics of both water droplet aerosol flows and static measurements using calibrated polystyrene latex microspheres of different sizes. Poor correlations between preliminary experimental data and theoretical predictions from an existing computer code spurred an investigation of available Mie scattering computer codes. It was discovered that the different codes produced different Mie scattering patterns for the same input parameters. The inconsistencies seen among the codes motivated the development of a new computer code for calculating Mie scattering, starting from fundamental equations. This exercise uncovered subtle intricacies involved with the computation procedure. A comparison of the scattering patterns found by the scanning nephelometer system to benchmark patterns found by a simple, non-scanning nephelometer indicated the relative performance of the scanning system. While a good comparison was seen when examining latex spheres, the same was not observed when measuring aerosol droplets. The cause of the discrepancy is not understood. Scattering pattern comparison techniques and other complexities of light scattering particle sizing were also explored.

Light Scattering by Particles in Water

Author : Miroslaw Jonasz
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080548679
Total Pages : 715 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Light Scattering by Particles in Water by : Miroslaw Jonasz

Download or read book Light Scattering by Particles in Water written by Miroslaw Jonasz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light scattering-based methods are used to characterize small particles suspended in water in a wide range of disciplines ranging from oceanography, through medicine, to industry. The scope and accuracy of these methods steadily increases with the progress in light scattering research. This book focuses on the theoretical and experimental foundations of the study and modeling of light scattering by particles in water and critically evaluates the key constraints of light scattering models. It begins with a brief review of the relevant theoretical fundamentals of the interaction of light with condensed matter, followed by an extended discussion of the basic optical properties of pure water and seawater and the physical principles that explain them. The book continues with a discussion of key optical features of the pure water/seawater and the most common components of natural waters. In order to clarify and put in focus some of the basic physical principles and most important features of the experimental data on light scattering by particles in water, the authors employ simple models. The book concludes with extensive critical reviews of the experimental constraints of light scattering models: results of measurements of light scattering and of the key properties of the particles: size distribution, refractive index (composition), structure, and shape. These reviews guide the reader through literature scattered among more than 210 scientific journals and periodicals which represent a wide range of disciplines. A special emphasis is put on the methods of measuring both light scattering and the relevant properties of the particles, because principles of these methods may affect interpretation and applicability of the results. The book includes extensive guides to literature on light scattering data and instrumentation design, as well as on the data for size distributions, refractive indices, and shapes typical of particles in natural waters. It also features a comprehensive index, numerous cross-references, and a reference list with over 1370 entries. An errata sheet for this work can be found at: http://www.tpdsci.com/Ref/Jonasz_M_2007_LightScatE.php *Extensive reference section provides handy compilations of knowledge on the designs of light scattering meters, sources of experimental data, and more *Worked exercises and examples throughout

Journal of the Optical Society of America

Author : Optical Society of America
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Journal of the Optical Society of America by : Optical Society of America

Download or read book Journal of the Optical Society of America written by Optical Society of America and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Operation Manual for the Multi-Wavelength Abridged Polar Nephelometer

Author : M. P Shuler (Jr)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 99 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Operation Manual for the Multi-Wavelength Abridged Polar Nephelometer by : M. P Shuler (Jr)

Download or read book Operation Manual for the Multi-Wavelength Abridged Polar Nephelometer written by M. P Shuler (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of a polar nephelometer is to measure the angular scattering coefficients of atmospheric aerosols for light of a given wavelength over the angular range 0 to 180 degrees, either continuously or at a large number of fixed angles. The Abridged Polar Nephelometer describes in this manual measures only scattering at the angles of: 30 deg., 100 deg., 140 deg., but for five optical wavelengths: 0.325, 0.66, .095, 2.25 and 10.6 microns. The apparatus is packaged in four separate measurement modules which are, in turn, mounted in three portable environmental housings. This portable field instrument can be located in the outdoors environment. It operates automatically from a computer based operation and recording system located in a shelter which can be at a distance of up to 100 feet away. Keywords: Atmospheric scattering coefficients; Scattering phase functions; Instruction manuals. (EDC).

Optics Index

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Optics Index by :

Download or read book Optics Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Optics Letters

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Optics Letters by :

Download or read book Optics Letters written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change

Author : Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309588871
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change by : Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change

Download or read book A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change written by Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.

A Polar Nephelometer/nonspherical Partial Scattering Study

Author : Gerald William Grams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis A Polar Nephelometer/nonspherical Partial Scattering Study by : Gerald William Grams

Download or read book A Polar Nephelometer/nonspherical Partial Scattering Study written by Gerald William Grams and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Design and Calibration of a CO[sub 2]-laser Nephelometer to Measure the Radiative Properties of Coal Particles

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Design and Calibration of a CO[sub 2]-laser Nephelometer to Measure the Radiative Properties of Coal Particles by :

Download or read book Design and Calibration of a CO[sub 2]-laser Nephelometer to Measure the Radiative Properties of Coal Particles written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In is paper, we will discuss the design and calibration of a CO[sub 2]-laser nephelometer for angular light scattering measurements to determine the effective radiative properties of pulverized-coal particles in a non-flame, planar system in-situ. A nephelometer is an instrument used for angular detection of scattered light incident on a cloud of particles. Its essential elements include a collimated light source and an arm which houses light collection optics and detectors. The arm can be rotated to record the angular scattered intensity distribution. A major problem when conducting experiments of this nature is that the intensity of the scattered light by pulverized-coal particles at angles other than the forward scattering direction can be as much as two to three orders of magnitude lower than the intensity at angles close to [theta] = O[sup o]. This effect is more pronounced for larger size parameters. In order to have sufficiently strong signals at a wide range of angles, a 50 watt CO[sub 2]-laser operating at 10.6 [mu]m is used in the experiments.

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater

Author : American Public Health Association
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1254 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater by : American Public Health Association

Download or read book Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater written by American Public Health Association and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Integrating Nephelometer Instrument Handbook

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrating Nephelometer Instrument Handbook by :

Download or read book Integrating Nephelometer Instrument Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Integrating Nephelometer (Figure 1) is an instrument that measures aerosol light scattering. It measures aerosol optical scattering properties by detecting (with a wide angular integration - from 7 to 170°) the light scattered by the aerosol and subtracting the light scattered by the carrier gas, the instrument walls and the background noise in the detector (zeroing). Zeroing is typically performed for 5 minutes every day at midnight UTC. The scattered light is split into red (700 nm), green (550 nm), and blue (450 nm) wavelengths and captured by three photomultiplier tubes. The instrument can measure total scatter as well as backscatter only (from 90 to 170°) (Heintzenberg and Charlson 1996; Anderson et al. 1996; Anderson and Ogren 1998; TSI 3563 2015) At ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement), two identical Nephelometers are usually run in series with a sample relative humidity (RH) conditioner between them. This is possible because Nephelometer sampling is non-destructive and the sample can be passed on to another instrument. The sample RH conditioner scans through multiple RH values in cycles, treating the sample. This kind of setup allows to study how aerosol particles' light scattering properties are affected by humidification (Anderson et al. 1996). For historical reasons, the two Nephelometers in this setup are labeled "wet" and "dry", with the "dry" Nephelometer usually being the one before the conditioner and sampling ambient air (the names are switched for the MAOS measurement site due to the high RH of the ambient air).

Aerosol Science

Author : Ian Colbeck
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119977924
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerosol Science by : Ian Colbeck

Download or read book Aerosol Science written by Ian Colbeck and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-03 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AEROSOL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Aerosols influence many areas of our daily life. They are at the core of environmental problems such as global warming, photochemical smog and poor air quality. They can also have diverse effects on human health, where exposure occurs in both outdoor and indoor environments. However, aerosols can have beneficial effects too; the delivery of drugs to the lungs, the delivery of fuels for combustion and the production of nanomaterials all rely on aerosols. Advances in particle measurement technologies have made it possible to take advantage of rapid changes in both particle size and concentration. Likewise, aerosols can now be produced in a controlled fashion. Reviewing many technological applications together with the current scientific status of aerosol modelling and measurements, this book includes: Satellite aerosol remote sensing The effects of aerosols on climate change Air pollution and health Pharmaceutical aerosols and pulmonary drug delivery Bioaerosols and hospital infections Particle emissions from vehicles The safety of emerging nanomaterials Radioactive aerosols: tracers of atmospheric processes With the importance of this topic brought to the public's attention after the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull, this book provides a timely, concise and accessible overview of the many facets of aerosol science.

Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles

Author : Michael I. Mishchenko
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080510205
Total Pages : 721 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles by : Michael I. Mishchenko

Download or read book Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles written by Michael I. Mishchenko and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-09-22 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is hardly a field of science or engineering that does not have some interest in light scattering by small particles. For example, this subject is important to climatology because the energy budget for the Earth's atmosphere is strongly affected by scattering of solar radiation by cloud and aerosol particles, and the whole discipline of remote sensing relies largely on analyzing the parameters of radiation scattered by aerosols, clouds, and precipitation. The scattering of light by spherical particles can be easily computed using the conventional Mie theory. However, most small solid particles encountered in natural and laboratory conditions have nonspherical shapes. Examples are soot and mineral aerosols, cirrus cloud particles, snow and frost crystals, ocean hydrosols, interplanetary and cometary dust grains, and microorganisms. It is now well known that scattering properties of nonspherical particles can differ dramatically from those of "equivalent" (e.g., equal-volume or equal-surface-area) spheres. Therefore, the ability to accurately compute or measure light scattering by nonspherical particles in order to clearly understand the effects of particle nonsphericity on light scattering is very important. The rapid improvement of computers and experimental techniques over the past 20 years and the development of efficient numerical approaches have resulted in major advances in this field which have not been systematically summarized. Because of the universal importance of electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical particles, papers on different aspects of this subject are scattered over dozens of diverse research and engineering journals. Often experts in one discipline (e.g., biology) are unaware of potentially useful results obtained in another discipline (e.g., antennas and propagation). This leads to an inefficient use of the accumulated knowledge and unnecessary redundancy in research activities. This book offers the first systematic and unified discussion of light scattering by nonspherical particles and its practical applications and represents the state-of-the-art of this important research field. Individual chapters are written by leading experts in respective areas and cover three major disciplines: theoretical and numerical techniques, laboratory measurements, and practical applications. An overview chapter provides a concise general introduction to the subject of nonspherical scattering and should be especially useful to beginners and those interested in fast practical applications. The audience for this book will include graduate students, scientists, and engineers working on specific aspects of electromagnetic scattering by small particles and its applications in remote sensing, geophysics, astrophysics, biomedical optics, and optical engineering. - The first systematic and comprehensive treatment of electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical particles and its applications - Individual chapters are written by leading experts in respective areas - Includes a survey of all the relevant literature scattered over dozens of basic and applied research journals - Consistent use of unified definitions and notation makes the book a coherent volume - An overview chapter provides a concise general introduction to the subject of light scattering by nonspherical particles - Theoretical chapters describe specific easy-to-use computer codes publicly available on the World Wide Web - Extensively illustrated with over 200 figures, 4 in color

Atmospheric Aerosols

Author : Olivier Boucher
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401796491
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosols by : Olivier Boucher

Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Olivier Boucher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook aims to be a one stop shop for those interested in aerosols and their impact on the climate system. It starts with some fundamentals on atmospheric aerosols, atmospheric radiation and cloud physics, then goes into techniques used for in-situ and remote sensing measurements of aerosols, data assimilation, and discusses aerosol-radiation interactions, aerosol-cloud interactions and the multiple impacts of aerosols on the climate system. The book aims to engage those interested in aerosols and their impacts on the climate system: graduate and PhD students, but also post-doctorate fellows who are new to the field or would like to broaden their knowledge. The book includes exercises at the end of most chapters. Atmospheric aerosols are small (microscopic) particles in suspension in the atmosphere, which play multiple roles in the climate system. They interact with the energy budget through scattering and absorption of solar and terrestrial radiation. They also serve as cloud condensation and ice nuclei with impacts on the formation, evolution and properties of clouds. Finally aerosols also interact with some biogeochemical cycles. Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols are responsible for a cooling effect that has masked part of the warming due to the increased greenhouse effect since pre-industrial time. Natural aerosols also respond to climate changes as shown by observations of past climates and modelling of the future climate.

Advances in Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere

Author : Weidong Chen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128156899
Total Pages : 634 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere by : Weidong Chen

Download or read book Advances in Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere written by Weidong Chen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge technologies and monitoring applications. Concepts are illustrated by numerous examples with information on spectroscopic techniques and applications widely distributed throughout the text. This information is important for researchers to gain an overview of recent developments in the field and make informed selections among the most suitable techniques. This volume also provides information that will allow researchers to explore implementing and developing new diagnostic tools or new approaches for trace gas and aerosol sensing themselves. Advances in Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere covers advanced and newly emerging spectroscopic techniques for optical metrology of gases and particles in the atmosphere. This book will be a valuable reference for atmospheric scientists, including those whose focus is applying the methods to atmospheric studies, and those who develop instrumentation. It will also serve as a useful introduction to researchers entering the field and provide relevant examples to researchers and students developing and applying optical sensors for a variety of other scientific, technical, and industrial uses. - Overview of new applications including remote sensing by UAV, laser heterodyne radiometry, dual comb spectroscopy, and more - Features in-situ observations and measurements for real-world data - Includes content on leading edge optical sensors

Aerosol Optics

Author : Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540499091
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerosol Optics by : Alexander A. Kokhanovsky

Download or read book Aerosol Optics written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-18 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new text offers experienced students a comprehensive review of available techniques for the remote sensing of aerosols. These small particles influence both atmospheric visibility and the thermodynamics of the atmosphere. They are also of great importance in any consideration of climate change problems. Aerosols may also be responsible for the loss of harvests, human health problems and ecological disasters. Thus, this detailed study of aerosol properties on a global scale could not be more timely.