A New Model to Construct Ice Stream Surface Elevation Profiles and Calculate Contributions to Sea-Level Rise

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (839 download)

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Book Synopsis A New Model to Construct Ice Stream Surface Elevation Profiles and Calculate Contributions to Sea-Level Rise by : Yosuke Adachi

Download or read book A New Model to Construct Ice Stream Surface Elevation Profiles and Calculate Contributions to Sea-Level Rise written by Yosuke Adachi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea-level rise is a problem that affects regions worldwide - from the marshlands of the San Francisco Bay Area to the farmlands in coastal Bangladesh. Three-dimensional ice sheet models are the principle tools to evaluate mass loss from ice sheets that contribute to sea-level rise. We recognize that given the current limitations in representing the full extent of dynamical processes that affect ice sheet mass loss in 3-D ice sheet models, we cannot make reliable forecasts of sea-level rise from melting polar land ice. Thus, we take a completely different approach to gaining insight about the potential effects of climate change-induced perturbations on ice sheets. We build a flowline model that resolves the fast-flowing portions of ice sheets (i.e., ice streams). We express the dynamics along the flowline with (a) vertical shear deformation, (b) horizontal shear deformation, and (c) basal slip. Knowledge accumulated from prior force balance analyses performed on some polar ice streams allows us to form relations between (a) and (c), and between (a) and (c) combined and (b). Based on these relationships, we numerically construct surface elevation profiles along flowlines centered on ten select ice streams in Greenland and Antarctica, by prescribing three climate change-induced perturbations: grounding line retreat, ice stream widening, and surface mass balance increase. Comparing these constructed profiles to the current observed ones allows us to quantify the effect of these perturbations on the various characteristics that these ten ice streams possess. Pine Island Glacier, which flows over a long overdeepening, will lose more than half of its stored ice volume that is contributable to sea-level rise before it reaches a possible steady state. Recovery Ice Stream, with its slippery base, long stretch of streaming-flow, and longest flowline among those we examined, loses the most mass (812 km3/km width). Jutulstraumen, which has little room to widen and a short stretch of streaming-flow, experiences more mass gain due to surface mass balance increase than mass loss due to grounding line retreat and widening. The broad range of ice streams and their diverse responses to prescribed perturbations is a convincing message that an accurate assessment of the contribution of ice sheets to future sea-level rise can only be obtained by raising the resolution of models to resolve the fast-flowing features and looking at their mass changes individually over time.

The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781009157971
Total Pages : 755 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (579 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309255945
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington by : National Research Council

Download or read book Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tide gauges show that global sea level has risen about 7 inches during the 20th century, and recent satellite data show that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating. As Earth warms, sea levels are rising mainly because ocean water expands as it warms; and water from melting glaciers and ice sheets is flowing into the ocean. Sea-level rise poses enormous risks to the valuable infrastructure, development, and wetlands that line much of the 1,600 mile shoreline of California, Oregon, and Washington. As those states seek to incorporate projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning, they asked the National Research Council to make independent projections of sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account regional factors that affect sea level. Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future explains that sea level along the U.S. west coast is affected by a number of factors. These include: climate patterns such as the El Niño, effects from the melting of modern and ancient ice sheets, and geologic processes, such as plate tectonics. Regional projections for California, Oregon, and Washington show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections. However, projections are lower north of Cape Mendocino because the land is being pushed upward as the ocean plate moves under the continental plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. However, an earthquake magnitude 8 or larger, which occurs in the region every few hundred to 1,000 years, would cause the land to drop and sea level to suddenly rise.

Sea-Level Change

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309040396
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Sea-Level Change by : National Research Council

Download or read book Sea-Level Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea-level rise may be one of the consequences of global warming. To understand changes in sea level caused by the "greenhouse effect," we must understand the factors that have caused the sea level to fluctuate significantly throughout history. This new volume explores current views among scientists on the causes and mechanisms of sea-level change. The authors examine measurement programs and make recommendations aimed at improving our understanding of the factors that affect sea level. It will be welcomed by scientists, engineers, and policymakers concerned about "greenhouse" issues and sea-level change, the environmental community, researchers, and students.

NASA Conference Publication

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 888 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis NASA Conference Publication by :

Download or read book NASA Conference Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Probability of Sea Level Rise

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis The Probability of Sea Level Rise by : James G. Titus

Download or read book The Probability of Sea Level Rise written by James G. Titus and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

ICESat

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis ICESat by : H. Jay Zwally

Download or read book ICESat written by H. Jay Zwally and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Spring Meeting

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (825 download)

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Book Synopsis Spring Meeting by : American Geophysical Union. Meeting

Download or read book Spring Meeting written by American Geophysical Union. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Glaciers and Climate Change

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9026518137
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis Glaciers and Climate Change by : J. Oerlemans

Download or read book Glaciers and Climate Change written by J. Oerlemans and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text brings together meteorology and the theory of glacier flow, providing a fundamental understanding of how glaciers respond to climate change. Attention is paid to the microclimate of glaciers and the physical processes regulating the exchange of energy and mass between glacier surface and atmosphere. Simple analytical and numerical models are used to: · investigate glaciers sensitivity to climate change · estimate response times · make an interpretation of historical glacier records · assess the contribution of glacier melt to sea-level rise Modern developments in glacier research, including satellite measurements are discussed in detail, making this a valuable reference source.

SeaRISE

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis SeaRISE by : Robert A. Bindschadler

Download or read book SeaRISE written by Robert A. Bindschadler and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a workshop on the possibility of a rapid rise in sea level following the response of the West Antarctic ice sheet to global warming, and outline of a project to study the phenomenon, called SEARISE : Sea Level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution.

Probability of Sea Level Rise

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Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0788133136
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability of Sea Level Rise by : James G. Titus

Download or read book Probability of Sea Level Rise written by James G. Titus and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-02 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Develops probability-based projections that can be added to local tide-gauge trends to estimate future sea level at particular locations. The key coefficients in those models are based on subjective probability distributions supplied by a cross-section of climatologists, oceanographers, & glaciologists. Covers: concentrations of greenhouse gases; Greenland & Antarctic ice sheets, & small glaciers. Concludes that sea levels will rise 15 cm by the year 2050 & 34 cm by the year 2100, & a 10% chance that levels will rise 30 cm by 2050. Tables.

Ice Sheet Modelling Using the Level Set Method and Data Assimilation

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Ice Sheet Modelling Using the Level Set Method and Data Assimilation by : Mohammad Alamgir Hossain

Download or read book Ice Sheet Modelling Using the Level Set Method and Data Assimilation written by Mohammad Alamgir Hossain and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimating future sea-level rise requires ice sheet models that are able to accurately simulate the evolution of ice sheets and glaciers. Ice flow behaviour is sensitive to terminus position and grounding line and fixed-grid methods are inadequate in capturing grounding line and terminus migration. A level set method is developed to handle topological changes to the ice geometry and to track the evolution of the ice-air and ice-water interface. This method is evaluated by comparing simulations of grounded and marine terminating ice sheet flow to various analytical and benchmark solutions. The level set method is shown to be a reliable approach for tracking the ice surface interface and terminus positions for advancing and retreating ice sheets. Predictions of short-term ice dynamic behaviour could be further improved by the seamless integration of time-ordered observations into the dynamical ice sheet model. We use a data assimilation method named Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF) to assimilate observations of ice surface elevation and lateral ice extent by updating the level set function that describes the ice interface. Numerical experiments on an idealized marine-terminating glacier demonstrate the effectiveness of our data assimilation approach for tracking seasonal and multi-year glacier advance and retreat cycles. The model is also applied to simulate Helheim Glacier, a major tidewater-terminating glacier of the Greenland Ice Sheet that has experienced a recent history of rapid retreat. By assimilating observations from remotely-sensed surface elevation profiles we are able to more accurately track the migrating glacier terminus and glacier surface changes. These results support the use of data assimilation methodologies for obtaining more accurate predictions of short-term ice sheet dynamics.

A Non-steady Ice Sheet Model Incorporating Longitudinal Stresses

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis A Non-steady Ice Sheet Model Incorporating Longitudinal Stresses by : Richard B. Alley

Download or read book A Non-steady Ice Sheet Model Incorporating Longitudinal Stresses written by Richard B. Alley and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 904812641X
Total Pages : 1301 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers by : Vijay P. Singh

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 1301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The earth’s cryosphere, which includes snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice, river and lake ice, and permafrost, contains about 75% of the earth’s fresh water. It exists at almost all latitudes, from the tropics to the poles, and plays a vital role in controlling the global climate system. It also provides direct visible evidence of the effect of climate change, and, therefore, requires proper understanding of its complex dynamics. This encyclopedia mainly focuses on the various aspects of snow, ice and glaciers, but also covers other cryospheric branches, and provides up-to-date information and basic concepts on relevant topics. It includes alphabetically arranged and professionally written, comprehensive and authoritative academic articles by well-known international experts in individual fields. The encyclopedia contains a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from the atmospheric processes responsible for snow formation; transformation of snow to ice and changes in their properties; classification of ice and glaciers and their worldwide distribution; glaciation and ice ages; glacier dynamics; glacier surface and subsurface characteristics; geomorphic processes and landscape formation; hydrology and sedimentary systems; permafrost degradation; hazards caused by cryospheric changes; and trends of glacier retreat on the global scale along with the impact of climate change. This book can serve as a source of reference at the undergraduate and graduate level and help to better understand snow, ice and glaciers. It will also be an indispensable tool containing specialized literature for geologists, geographers, climatologists, hydrologists, and water resources engineers; as well as for those who are engaged in the practice of agricultural and civil engineering, earth sciences, environmental sciences and engineering, ecosystem management, and other relevant subjects.

1992 Fall Meeting

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (159 download)

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Book Synopsis 1992 Fall Meeting by :

Download or read book 1992 Fall Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advancing the Science of Climate Change

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309145880
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Advancing the Science of Climate Change by : National Research Council

Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.

National Educators' Workshop, Update 89

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 708 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis National Educators' Workshop, Update 89 by :

Download or read book National Educators' Workshop, Update 89 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: