Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
A New Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Box Model For Investigating The Oceans Meridional Overturning Circulation And Climate Variability
Download A New Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Box Model For Investigating The Oceans Meridional Overturning Circulation And Climate Variability full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online A New Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Box Model For Investigating The Oceans Meridional Overturning Circulation And Climate Variability ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis A New Coupled Ocean-atmosphere Box Model for Investigating the Ocean's Meridional Overturning Circulation and Climate Variability by :
Download or read book A New Coupled Ocean-atmosphere Box Model for Investigating the Ocean's Meridional Overturning Circulation and Climate Variability written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics by : Shang-Ping Xie
Download or read book Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics written by Shang-Ping Xie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-12-21 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics of Climate Variability and Climate Change presents the patterns, mechanisms, and predictability of climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. Based on a graduate course the author has taught over 25 years, this book provides the physical foundation for those who are interested in fundamental questions such as: why climate varies from one year to another; how predictable climate is; and how climate will change in the face of increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is the first comprehensive and systematic treatment of this subject that simultaneously draws on the latest research and is accessible for graduate students. The book takes a step-by-step systematic approach to coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions. This allows a wide range of comparative views: climate modes among and across different tropical ocean basins, ocean feedback on the atmosphere (in and out of the tropics), and spontaneous internal oscillation versus externally forced climate change. Such comparative views offer unprecedented insight into the dynamics of climate variability and predictability. This book can be used as supplementary reading for advanced undergraduate students, as coursework in climate dynamics, modeling, variability, and change, and as a reference book and research monograph for researchers in ocean, atmospheric, climate, and earth system sciences. Delivers the first authored textbook on ocean-atmosphere interactions that give rise to climate variability/predictability and shape regional patterns of anthropogenic climate change Contains historical accounts of major breakthroughs in the field Includes homework questions, helping to reinforce key concepts and applications
Book Synopsis Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models by : J.C.J. Nihoul
Download or read book Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models written by J.C.J. Nihoul and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1985-07-01 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exchange of momentum, heat, moisture, gases (such as CO2 and O2) and salt between the atmosphere and the ocean is a phenomenon of paramount importance for the dynamics of the atmosphere and the ocean. With the pressing need for reliable climate forecast (e.g. to deal with severe food and energy problems) interactive ocean-atmosphere models have become one of the main objectives of geophysical fluid dynamics. This volume provides the first state-of-the-art review of interactive ocean-atmosphere modelling and its application to climates. The papers are by active and eminent scientists from different countries and different disciplines. They provide a up-to-date survey of major recent discoveries and valuable recommendations for future research.
Book Synopsis Atmosphere-ocean Modeling: Coupling And Couplers by : Carlos Roberto Mechoso
Download or read book Atmosphere-ocean Modeling: Coupling And Couplers written by Carlos Roberto Mechoso and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coupled atmosphere-ocean models are at the core of numerical climate models. There is an extraordinarily broad class of coupled atmosphere-ocean models ranging from sets of equations that can be solved analytically to highly detailed representations of Nature requiring the most advanced computers for execution. The models are applied to subjects including the conceptual understanding of Earth's climate, predictions that support human activities in a variable climate, and projections aimed to prepare society for climate change. The present book fills a void in the current literature by presenting a basic and yet rigorous treatment of how the models of the atmosphere and the ocean are put together into a coupled system. The text of the book is divided into chapters organized according to complexity of the components that are coupled. Two full chapters are dedicated to current efforts on the development of generalist couplers and coupling methodologies all over the world.
Book Synopsis Studies of the Ocean-atmosphere System Using a Coupled Climate Model by :
Download or read book Studies of the Ocean-atmosphere System Using a Coupled Climate Model written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change by : National Research Council
Download or read book Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-12-31 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate is changing, forced out of the range of the past million years by levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not seen in the Earth's atmosphere for a very, very long time. Lacking action by the world's nations, it is clear that the planet will be warmer, sea level will rise, and patterns of rainfall will change. But the future is also partly uncertain-there is considerable uncertainty about how we will arrive at that different climate. Will the changes be gradual, allowing natural systems and societal infrastructure to adjust in a timely fashion? Or will some of the changes be more abrupt, crossing some threshold or "tipping point" to change so fast that the time between when a problem is recognized and when action is required shrinks to the point where orderly adaptation is not possible? Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change is an updated look at the issue of abrupt climate change and its potential impacts. This study differs from previous treatments of abrupt changes by focusing on abrupt climate changes and also abrupt climate impacts that have the potential to severely affect the physical climate system, natural systems, or human systems, often affecting multiple interconnected areas of concern. The primary timescale of concern is years to decades. A key characteristic of these changes is that they can come faster than expected, planned, or budgeted for, forcing more reactive, rather than proactive, modes of behavior. Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change summarizes the state of our knowledge about potential abrupt changes and abrupt climate impacts and categorizes changes that are already occurring, have a high probability of occurrence, or are unlikely to occur. Because of the substantial risks to society and nature posed by abrupt changes, this report recommends the development of an Abrupt Change Early Warning System that would allow for the prediction and possible mitigation of such changes before their societal impacts are severe. Identifying key vulnerabilities can help guide efforts to increase resiliency and avoid large damages from abrupt change in the climate system, or in abrupt impacts of gradual changes in the climate system, and facilitate more informed decisions on the proper balance between mitigation and adaptation. Although there is still much to learn about abrupt climate change and abrupt climate impacts, to willfully ignore the threat of abrupt change could lead to more costs, loss of life, suffering, and environmental degradation. Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change makes the case that the time is here to be serious about the threat of tipping points so as to better anticipate and prepare ourselves for the inevitable surprises.
Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change by : National Research Council
Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-23 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The climate record for the past 100,000 years clearly indicates that the climate system has undergone periodic-and often extreme-shifts, sometimes in as little as a decade or less. The causes of abrupt climate changes have not been clearly established, but the triggering of events is likely to be the result of multiple natural processes. Abrupt climate changes of the magnitude seen in the past would have far-reaching implications for human society and ecosystems, including major impacts on energy consumption and water supply demands. Could such a change happen again? Are human activities exacerbating the likelihood of abrupt climate change? What are the potential societal consequences of such a change? Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises looks at the current scientific evidence and theoretical understanding to describe what is currently known about abrupt climate change, including patterns and magnitudes, mechanisms, and probability of occurrence. It identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning the potential for future abrupt changes, including those aspects of change most important to society and economies, and outlines a research strategy to close those gaps. Based on the best and most current research available, this book surveys the history of climate change and makes a series of specific recommendations for the future.
Book Synopsis Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales by : National Research Council
Download or read book Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-30 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Book Synopsis Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling by : Boris A. Kagan
Download or read book Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling written by Boris A. Kagan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-03-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to acquaint readers with the recent advances in experimental and theoretical investigations of ocean-atmosphere interactions, a rapidly developing field in earth sciences. Particular attention is paid to the scope and perspectives for satellite measurements and mathematical modeling. Current approaches to the construction of coupled ocean-atmosphere models (from the simplest one-dimensional to comprehensive three-dimensional ones) for the solution of key problems in climate theory are discussed in detail. Field measurements and the results of numerical climate simulations are presented and help to explain climate variability that arises from various natural and anthropogenic factors.
Download or read book Collaborative Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project aims to improve long term global climate simulations by resolving ocean mesoscale activity and the corresponding response in the atmosphere. The main computational objectives are; i) to perform and assess Community Earth System Model (CESM) simulations with the new Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) spectral element dynamical core; ii) use static mesh refinement to focus on oceanic fronts; iii) develop a new Earth System Modeling tool to investigate the atmospheric response to fronts by selectively filtering surface flux fields in the CESM coupler. The climate research objectives are 1) to improve the coupling of ocean fronts and the atmospheric boundary layer via investigations of dependency on model resolution and stability functions: 2) to understand and simulate the ensuing tropospheric response that has recently been documented in observations: and 3) to investigate the relationship of ocean frontal variability to low frequency climate variability and the accompanying storm tracks and extremes in high resolution simulations. This is a collaborative multi-institution project consisting of computational scientists, climate scientists and climate model developers. It specifically aims at DOE objectives of advancing simulation and predictive capability of climate models through improvements in resolution and physical process representation.
Book Synopsis Improving the Scientific Foundation for Atmosphere-Land-Ocean Simulations by : National Research Council
Download or read book Improving the Scientific Foundation for Atmosphere-Land-Ocean Simulations written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-05-12 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Academies' Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (BASC) held a workshop to explore and evaluate current efforts to model physical processes of coupled atmosphere-land-ocean (A-L-O) models. Numerical models of the atmosphere and ocean are central to weather prediction, research, and education. Although great strides have been made over the past few decades in understanding the atmosphere and ocean, modeling capabilities, and numerical A-L-O simulations, some unresolved processes in the models do not adequately represent knowledge of the underlying physics. Moreover, there is evidence that further progress in numerical simulations is being impeded by the slow pace of improvement in the representation of key physical processes in the models and the fact that geophysical flow models are not receiving the attention needed to make these tools more useful and accurate. These models often are used to predict future events, so it is imperative that their underlying physical processes be represented as robustly as possible. During the workshop, the parameterization of physical processes in A-L-O models was addressed, including associated errors, testing, and efforts to improve the use of parameterizations. Participants also examined intellectual and scientific challenges in modeling and highlighted the idea that some of the key impediments to progress in representing physical processes are primarily cultural in nature.
Book Synopsis Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling by : Boris A. Kagan
Download or read book Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling written by Boris A. Kagan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to acquaint readers with the recent advances in experimental and theoretical investigations of ocean-atmosphere interactions, a rapidly developing field in earth sciences. Particular attention is paid to the scope and perspectives for satellite measurements and mathematical modeling. Current approaches to the construction of coupled ocean-atmosphere models (from the simplest one-dimensional to comprehensive three-dimensional ones) for the solution of key problems in climate theory are discussed in detail. Field measurements and the results of numerical climate simulations are presented and help to explain climate variability that arises from various natural and anthropogenic factors.
Author :Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :9781009157971 Total Pages :755 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (579 download)
Book Synopsis The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Book Synopsis Internal Ocean Dynamics and Climate Variability by : Ben P. Kirtman
Download or read book Internal Ocean Dynamics and Climate Variability written by Ben P. Kirtman and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Variability of Large-scale Ocean Circulation and Meridional Heat Transport in the Atlantic Ocean by : Jinting Zhang
Download or read book Variability of Large-scale Ocean Circulation and Meridional Heat Transport in the Atlantic Ocean written by Jinting Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research described in the dissertation addresses what controls the variability of ocean circulation and meridional heat transport (MHT) in the Atlantic Ocean on different timescales. Chapter 2 focuses on the contribution of surface heating and wind forcing with/without topography to the seasonal and interannual-to-decadal variations of large-scale sea surface height (SSH) using simplified models. On the seasonal timescale thermosteric height explains most of the SSH variance north of 18°N and first mode linear long Rossby wave explains the SSH between 10°N-15°N and east of Greenland. On interannual-to-decadal timescales, a topographic Sverdrup response explains interannual-to-decadal SSH between 53°N and 63°N east of Greenland, suggesting the important role of topography in the subpolar region. Farther south, the linear Rossby wave model explains SSH variations on interannual-to-decadal timescales between 30°N and 50°N from mid-basin to the eastern boundary. In Chapter 3, perturbation experiments and a 1000-year control simulation in the GFDL coupled model CM2.1 are used to investigate the evolution of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and its related upper ocean heat content (UOHC) on the decadal timescale. A slow southward propagation of positive AMOC anomaly in northern high latitudes leads to a convergence (divergence) of the Atlantic MHT anomaly in the subpolar (Gulf Stream) region, thus warming (cooling) in the subpolar (Gulf Stream) region after several years. The study presented in Chapter 4 examines the coherence structure of the interannual MHT variability in the Atlantic tropics and subtropics using seven simulations in the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) archive as well as a hindcast simulation in the isopycnal ocean model GOLD (Generalized Ocean Layered Dynamics) from 1971 to 2009. The spatial pattern for the leading mode of the interannual MHT anomaly from all the model simulations has the same sign from 20°S-30°N, with a peak near the equator. Ekman heat transport anomalies between 7°S-20°N and the geostrophic transport beneath the Ekman layer from 13°S-27°N (except the equator) contribute to this MHT leading mode, while the contribution of the deep ocean is negligible. The connection between the hemispheres results from diapycnal transport of the northward geostrophic transport beneath the Ekman layer in the southern tropics; after this water reaches the upper ocean, it then moves northward where Ekman transport takes over. The wind is the main external forcing for the MHT coherence structure. The work in this thesis enhances the understanding of the contributions of heating, winds and topography on sea level changes on seasonal and interannual-to-decadal timescales, as well as the decadal and interannual variability of the AMOC and MHT in the Atlantic Ocean. It could be used to understand the effect of topography on the ocean circulation in the high latitude, improve the decadal prediction of the UOHC in the North Atlantic Ocean, and advance the knowledge of the tropical Atlantic heat transport and ocean-atmosphere coupling system.
Book Synopsis Ocean-atmosphere Coupled Modes of Decadal Variability in the Southern Hemisphere by : Gang Wang
Download or read book Ocean-atmosphere Coupled Modes of Decadal Variability in the Southern Hemisphere written by Gang Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Southern Ocean has a critical influence on the global climate, and any long-term variability in the Southern Ocean can have both regional and global impacts significantly. However, sparse observations limit the study of the long-term variation. To test the quality of models simulating the natural sea surface temperature (SST) variability, the SST variability in the global oceans is evaluated in simulations of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) and CMIP5 models. The result shows that some models demonstrate good skill in simulating the observed spatial structure of the SST variability in the tropical domains and less so in the extra-tropical domains. The CMIP5 ensemble exhibits some improvement over the CMIP3 ensemble, mostly in the tropical domains on SST variability simulation. Further, the spatial structure of the SST modes of the CMIP3 and CMIP5 super ensemble is more realistic than any single model, which is mostly used for the following study. Several SST leading modes in the Southern Ocean are discussed on decadal and even larger time scales using CMIP5 data set based on EOF analysis. We compare the modes against several simple null hypotheses, such as isotropic diffusion (red noise) and a Slab Ocean model, to investigate the sources of decadal variability and the factors affecting the propagation and decay of long-term anomalies. The result reveals that the annular mode with largest amplitudes in the Pacific, the basin-wide monopole mode and South Pacific dipole are the principle patterns with low-frequency variability, which contain the dual effects of internal intrinsic processes as well as external forcing and teleconnections. The annular mode is mostly affected by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) via teleconnection especially in the South Pacific domain and by local Southern Annular Mode (SAM) over the whole Southern Ocean. The monopole mode and South Pacific dipole mode, while they both demonstrate pronounced multi-decadal and longer time scales variability, are firstly inducted by the Wave-3 patterns in the atmosphere and further developed via ocean dynamics. The causes and characteristics of interannual-decadal SST variability in the Southern Ocean are further investigated with an ocean general circulation model and a simplified band ocean model. Possible factors are examined affecting the generation, propagation and decay of long-term anomalies with a series of sensitivity experiments. We found that the atmospheric forcing not only affects the SST modes on shorter time-scales directly, but also shows its influence on longer time scales via air-sea interaction, amplification and oceanic feedback. The deep mixed layer in the Southern Ocean is an essential element to maintain the long-term SST variability. The ocean dynamics connect the entire ocean and create the homogeneous-like spatial patterns. The ocean advection is the key factor to create SST spectral structure, which concentrates the spectrum on interannnual scale synchronizing with the transport of Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC).
Book Synopsis Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model by : Tianjun Zhou
Download or read book Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model written by Tianjun Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coupled climate system models are of central importance for climate studies. A new model known as FGOALS ( the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model), has been developed by the Sate Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (LASG/IAP, CAS), a first-tier national geophysical laboratory. It serves as a powerful tool, both for deepening our understanding of fundamental mechanisms of the climate system and for making decadal prediction and scenario projections of future climate change. "Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model: A Modeling Tool for the Climate Change Research Community” is the first book to offer systematic evaluations of this model’s performance. It is comprehensive in scope, covering both developmental and application-oriented aspects of this climate system model. It also provides an outlook of future development of FGOALS and offers an overview of how to employ the model. It represents a valuable reference work for researchers and professionals working within the related areas of climate variability and change. Prof. Tianjun Zhou, Yongqiang Yu, Yimin Liu and Bin Wang work at LASG, the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
