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A Microwave Scattering Model For Layered Vegetation
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Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722007959 Total Pages :34 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (79 download)
Book Synopsis A Microwave Scattering Model for Layered Vegetation by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book A Microwave Scattering Model for Layered Vegetation written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A microwave scattering model was developed for layered vegetation based on an iterative solution of the radiative transfer equation up to the second order to account for multiple scattering within the canopy and between the ground and the canopy. The model is designed to operate over a wide frequency range for both deciduous and coniferous forest and to account for the branch size distribution, leaf orientation distribution, and branch orientation distribution for each size. The canopy is modeled as a two-layered medium above a rough interface. The upper layer is the crown containing leaves, stems, and branches. The lower layer is the trunk region modeled as randomly positioned cylinders with a preferred orientation distribution above an irregular soil surface. Comparisons of this model with measurements from deciduous and coniferous forests show good agreements at several frequencies for both like and cross polarizations. Major features of the model needed to realize the agreement include allowance for: (1) branch size distribution, (2) second-order effects, and (3) tree component models valid over a wide range of frequencies. Karam, Mostafa A. and Fung, Adrian K. and Lang, Roger H. and Chauhan, Narinder S. Goddard Space Flight Center NAGW-2344; NAGW-2071...
Book Synopsis Electromagnetic Wave Scattering from Vegetation by : Xiaoyan Huang
Download or read book Electromagnetic Wave Scattering from Vegetation written by Xiaoyan Huang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains the theoretical study of microwave scattering from vegetated media and the development of microwave scattering models with applications to these media. A vegetation canopy may consist of deciduous or coniferous leaves, branches, and trunks with certain size and orientation distributions. The formulation of the scattering model for each element of the canopy is carried out and its scatter patterns versus its size and orientation for like and cross polarizations are computed and presented. In particular, an extension is made where vegetation with a compound-leaf pattern is considered. For this type of vegetation, several leaves that form a specific pattern will scatter coherently as a group as opposed to each leaf scattering independently. Hence, a basic scattering element is a compound leaf with a specific leaf-pattern. Based on the study of scattering patterns of different vegetation elements, the scattering models for different vegetation media are formulated. For a leafy vegetation, we model it as a scattering layer with a given type of leaf. For a forested area, we treat it as a two-layer medium: the layer on top is the crown layer consisted of leaves and branches and below it is the trunk layer. In order to verify the validity of the theoretical models for different types of vegetation canopy, extensive comparisons between models and measurements are carried out.
Author :Alexander A. Chukhlantsev Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1402046820 Total Pages :297 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (2 download)
Book Synopsis Microwave Radiometry of Vegetation Canopies by : Alexander A. Chukhlantsev
Download or read book Microwave Radiometry of Vegetation Canopies written by Alexander A. Chukhlantsev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-18 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capability of the microwave radiometric method to determine soil moisture and vegetation biometric indices was revealed a quarter of a century ago by the author and many of his colleagues. In light of many research projects since then, the main objective of this book is to render a systematic account of questions concerning the microwave radiometry of the Earth’s surface in the presence of vegetation canopies.
Book Synopsis Mathematical and Physical Modelling of Microwave Scattering and Polarimetric Remote Sensing by : A.I. Kozlov
Download or read book Mathematical and Physical Modelling of Microwave Scattering and Polarimetric Remote Sensing written by A.I. Kozlov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-16 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radar technology is increasingly being used to monitor the environment. This monograph provides a review of polarimetric radar techniques for remote sensing. The first four chapters cover the basics of mathematical, statistical modelling as well as physical modelling based on radiowave scattering theory. The subsequent eight chapters summarize applications of polarimetric radar monitoring for various types of earth environments, including vegetation and oceans. The last two chapters provide a summary of Western as well as former Soviet Union knowledge and the outlook. This monograph is of value to students, scientists and engineers involved in remote sensing development and applications in particular for environmental monitoring.
Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Remote Sensing by : Timothy A Warner
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Remote Sensing written by Timothy A Warner and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2009-06-18 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ′A magnificent achievement. A who′s who of contemporary remote sensing have produced an engaging, wide-ranging and scholarly review of the field in just one volume′ - Professor Paul Curran, Vice-Chancellor, Bournemouth University Remote Sensing acquires and interprets small or large-scale data about the Earth from a distance. Using a wide range of spatial, spectral, temporal, and radiometric scales Remote Sensing is a large and diverse field for which this Handbook will be the key research reference. Organized in four key sections: • Interactions of Electromagnetic Radiation with the Terrestrial Environment: chapters on Visible, Near-IR and Shortwave IR; Middle IR (3-5 micrometers); Thermal IR ; Microwave • Digital sensors and Image Characteristics: chapters on Sensor Technology; Coarse Spatial Resolution Optical Sensors ; Medium Spatial Resolution Optical Sensors; Fine Spatial Resolution Optical Sensors; Video Imaging and Multispectral Digital Photography; Hyperspectral Sensors; Radar and Passive Microwave Sensors; Lidar • Remote Sensing Analysis - Design and Implementation: chapters on Image Pre-Processing; Ground Data Collection; Integration with GIS; Quantitative Models in Remote Sensing; Validation and accuracy assessment; • Remote Sensing Analysis - Applications: LITHOSPHERIC SCIENCES: chapters on Topography; Geology; Soils; PLANT SCIENCES: Vegetation; Agriculture; HYDROSPHERIC and CRYSOPHERIC SCIENCES: Hydrosphere: Fresh and Ocean Water; Cryosphere; GLOBAL CHANGE AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS: Earth Systems; Human Environments & Links to the Social Sciences; Real Time Monitoring Systems and Disaster Management; Land Cover Change Illustrated throughout, an essential resource for the analysis of remotely sensed data, the SAGE Handbook of Remote Sensing provides researchers with a definitive statement of the core concepts and methodologies in the discipline.
Book Synopsis Microwave Remote Sensing of Sea Ice by : Frank D. Carsey
Download or read book Microwave Remote Sensing of Sea Ice written by Frank D. Carsey and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1992-04-08 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 68. Human activities in the polar regions have undergone incredible changes in this century. Among these changes is the revolution that satellites have brought about in obtaining information concerning polar geophysical processes. Satellites have flown for about three decades, and the polar regions have been the subject of their routine surveillance for more than half that time. Our observations of polar regions have evolved from happenstance ship sightings and isolated harbor icing records to routine global records obtained by those satellites. Thanks to such abundant data, we now know a great deal about the ice-covered seas, which constitute about 10% of the Earth's surface. This explosion of information about sea ice has fascinated scientists for some 20 years. We are now at a point of transition in sea ice studies; we are concerned less about ice itself and more about its role in the climate system. This change in emphasis has been the prime stimulus for this book.
Book Synopsis A COHERENT, POLARIMETRIC MICROWAVE SCATTERING MODEL FOR GRASSLAND STRUCTURES AND CANOPIES by : James Marion Stiles
Download or read book A COHERENT, POLARIMETRIC MICROWAVE SCATTERING MODEL FOR GRASSLAND STRUCTURES AND CANOPIES written by James Marion Stiles and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth by : Fuzhong Weng
Download or read book Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth written by Fuzhong Weng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-23 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the fundamentals of satellite microwave instrument calibration, remote sensing sciences and algorithms, as well as the applications of the satellite microwave observations in weather and climate research.
Book Synopsis Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Land--Atmosphere Interactions by : 0 Pampaloni
Download or read book Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Land--Atmosphere Interactions written by 0 Pampaloni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in theory and observations using passive microwave remote sensing have hightlighted the potential of spaceborne sensors for contributing to the required land surface measurements of soils, vegetation, snow cover and precipitation. Furthermore, the spatial resolution of passive microwave observations matches the special scales of large-scale models of land-atmosphere interactions both for data assimilation and validation. In order to stimulate and focus this research a workshop, sponsored by ESA and NASA, was organized to review the state-of-the-art in microwave radiometry related to land applications and to exchange ideas leading into new directions for future research. This volume contains the refereed papers from the aforementioned ESA/NASA workshop, which are arranged by topic, as well as the (edited) working group reports.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Renewable Energy Systems by : Hajji Bekkay
Download or read book Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Renewable Energy Systems written by Hajji Bekkay and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-11 with total page 1058 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICEERE 2022), which focus on the application of artificial intelligence techniques, emerging technology and the Internet of things in electrical and renewable energy systems, including hybrid systems, micro-grids, networking, smart health applications, smart grid, mechatronics and electric vehicles. It particularly focuses on new renewable energy technologies for agricultural and rural areas to promote the development of the Euro-Mediterranean region. Given its scope, the book is of interest to graduate students, researchers and practicing engineers working in the fields of electronic engineering and renewable energy.
Book Synopsis Multiple Scattering of Microwaves from Soil Surface and Vegetation Canopies by : Andrew F. Feldman
Download or read book Multiple Scattering of Microwaves from Soil Surface and Vegetation Canopies written by Andrew F. Feldman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multiple scattering radiative transfer model is developed for use in global retrieval algorithms of microwave geophysical parameters. This attempts to both improve soil moisture and vegetation attenuation and scattering parameter retrievals under moderate to dense canopy covers and capture the full microwave vegetation signature. The model is developed using a ray tracing method of first-order interactions with canopy constituents larger than 21 cm (e.g. woody biomass). It introduces only one new variable, [omega]1 representing scattering from these constituents, making it almost as computationally efficient to implement as the commonly used tau-omega (zeroth-order) model. With concerns for vegetation cover changes with climate change, there is motivation to monitor vegetation cover properties and respective available surface water availability. The retrieval of microwave vegetation attenuation and scattering parameters provides a unique opportunity to monitor vegetation parameters in addition to commonly used optical remote sensing of vegetation techniques. The model is applied within the recently developed and hereby enhanced Multi-Temporal Dual Channel Algorithm (MT-DCA) framework. The algorithm is implemented over Africa using SMAP 36 km brightness temperature radiometric measurements using both zeroth and first-order radiative transfer models. The first-order radiative transfer model is determined to be more sensitive to surface emission resulting in an improved surface emission signature from retrievals. The retrieved [omega]1 are also greatest in forests noting the presence of woody biomass and resulting in first-order emission contributing to 5% of the total emission. Consequently, changes from zeroth to first-order retrievals occur primarily in vegetated regions where [omega]1 is non-zero. Non-zero [omega]1 additionally results in improved fit of parameters to SMAP measurements. Without a comprehensive forest in-situ measurement campaign, it is inconclusive whether the introduced first-order radiative transfer model improves retrievals over SMAP and SMOS baseline retrievals. Additionally, further work in developing global retrieval algorithms aimed at retrieving both surface and vegetation microwave parameters amongst moderate to dense vegetation is encouraged.
Book Synopsis Microwave Remote Sensing Tools in Environmental Science by : Costas A. Varotsos
Download or read book Microwave Remote Sensing Tools in Environmental Science written by Costas A. Varotsos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives new insight to the study of the global environmental changes using the ecoinformatics and microwave remote sensing tools together with the adaptive-evolutionary technology of geoinformation monitoring. The main advantage of this book consists in the accumulation of the interdisciplinary scientific knowledge for the parameterization of the global biogeochemical cycles and other environmental processes in the context of globalization and sustainable development. In this regard, the crucial global problems of the dynamics of the climate-nature-society system have been considered and the key problems of ensuring its sustainable development have been addressed. An analysis of the present trend in changing ecological systems has been discussed, including different types of forest ecosystems and ocean aquatories. The emphasis has been given to the accomplishment of the global geoinformation monitoring, which could provide a reliable control of the environmental processes development with reliable prognostic estimates of the consequences of human activities. A new approach to the numerical modelling of the climate-nature-society system has been presented and demonstrative results have been given about the modelling of the dynamics of this system‟s characteristics, in cases of realization of some scenarios of the anthropogenic impacts to the biogeochemical cycles, the land ecosystems and oceans. Methods and algorithms for the big data manipulation and processing in the remote sensing environmental monitoring systems have been described.
Book Synopsis Spatial Analysis for Radar Remote Sensing of Tropical Forests by : Gianfranco D. De Grandi
Download or read book Spatial Analysis for Radar Remote Sensing of Tropical Forests written by Gianfranco D. De Grandi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uniquely focused on specific techniques that provide multi-resolution spatial and temporal analysis of forest structure characteristics and changes. Examines several large and important international remote sensing projects aimed at documenting entire tropical ecosystems. Provides novel wavelet methods for tropical forest structural measures. Includes Python code for a suite of wavelet based time-series and single set InSAR coherence and backscatter speckle filters, available to download.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Book Synopsis Radio Wave Propagation for Telecommunication Applications by : Hervé Sizun
Download or read book Radio Wave Propagation for Telecommunication Applications written by Hervé Sizun and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the physical mechanisms involved in the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the radiofrequency range, inside and outside buildings, in the terrestrial and near space environments, with a special focus on mobile radio communication. It combines a theoretical and an experimental approaches with an understanding of the physical environment through adequate formulations of the laws of electromagnetism. It should thus provide the background needed by advanced students and development engineers for the conception of high quality and reliable telecommunication systems.
Book Synopsis Radar Remote Sensing for Crop Biophysical Parameter Estimation by : Dipankar Mandal
Download or read book Radar Remote Sensing for Crop Biophysical Parameter Estimation written by Dipankar Mandal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a timely investigation of radar remote sensing observations for agricultural crop monitoring and advancements of research techniques and their applicability for crop biophysical parameter estimation. It introduces theoretical background of radar scattering from vegetation volume and semi-empirical modelling approaches that are the foundation for biophysical parameter inversion. The contents will help readers explore the state-of-the-art crop monitoring and biophysical parameter estimation using approaches radar remote sensing. It is useful guide for academicians, practitioners and policymakers.
Book Synopsis MICROWAVE SCATTERING FROM PERIODIC ROW-STRUCTURED VEGETATION. by : MICHAEL WAYNE WHITT
Download or read book MICROWAVE SCATTERING FROM PERIODIC ROW-STRUCTURED VEGETATION. written by MICHAEL WAYNE WHITT and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: vegetation is a summation of contributions from several sources, including the ground periodicity, the periodic leaf density, and the quasi-periodic stalk structure.
