A Knowledge Based Approach To Natural Language Interpretation

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A Knowledge-Based Approach to Program Understanding

Author : Salwa K. Abd-El-Hafiz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146152279X
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis A Knowledge-Based Approach to Program Understanding by : Salwa K. Abd-El-Hafiz

Download or read book A Knowledge-Based Approach to Program Understanding written by Salwa K. Abd-El-Hafiz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Program understanding plays an important role in nearly all software related tasks. It is vital to the development, maintenance and reuse activities. Program understanding is indispensable for improving the quality of software development. Several development activities such as code reviews, debugging and some testing approaches require programmers to read and understand programs. Maintenance activities cannot be performed without a deep and correct understanding of the component to be maintained. Program understanding is vital to the reuse of code components because they cannot be utilized without a clear understanding of what they do. If a candidate reusable component needs to be modified, an understanding how it is designed is also required. of This monograph presents a· knowledge-based approach to the automation of program understanding. This approach generates rigorous program documentation mechanically by combining and building on strengths of a practical program decomposition method, the axiomatic correctness notation, and the knowledge based analysis approaches. More specifically, this approach documents programs by generating first order predicate logic annotations of their loops. In this approach, loops are classified according to their complexity levels. Based on this taxonomy, variations on the basic analysis approach that best fit each of the different classes are described. In general, mechanical annotation of loops is performed by first decomposing them using data flow analysis. This decomposition encapsulates interdependent statements in events, which can be analyzed individually.

Ontology-Based Interpretation of Natural Language

Author : Philipp Cimiano
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031021541
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Ontology-Based Interpretation of Natural Language by : Philipp Cimiano

Download or read book Ontology-Based Interpretation of Natural Language written by Philipp Cimiano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For humans, understanding a natural language sentence or discourse is so effortless that we hardly ever think about it. For machines, however, the task of interpreting natural language, especially grasping meaning beyond the literal content, has proven extremely difficult and requires a large amount of background knowledge. This book focuses on the interpretation of natural language with respect to specific domain knowledge captured in ontologies. The main contribution is an approach that puts ontologies at the center of the interpretation process. This means that ontologies not only provide a formalization of domain knowledge necessary for interpretation but also support and guide the construction of meaning representations. We start with an introduction to ontologies and demonstrate how linguistic information can be attached to them by means of the ontology lexicon model lemon. These lexica then serve as basis for the automatic generation of grammars, which we use to compositionally construct meaning representations that conform with the vocabulary of an underlying ontology. As a result, the level of representational granularity is not driven by language but by the semantic distinctions made in the underlying ontology and thus by distinctions that are relevant in the context of a particular domain. We highlight some of the challenges involved in the construction of ontology-based meaning representations, and show how ontologies can be exploited for ambiguity resolution and the interpretation of temporal expressions. Finally, we present a question answering system that combines all tools and techniques introduced throughout the book in a real-world application, and sketch how the presented approach can scale to larger, multi-domain scenarios in the context of the Semantic Web. Table of Contents: List of Figures / Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Ontologies / Linguistic Formalisms / Ontology Lexica / Grammar Generation / Putting Everything Together / Ontological Reasoning for Ambiguity Resolution / Temporal Interpretation / Ontology-Based Interpretation for Question Answering / Conclusion / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies

Integration of World Knowledge for Natural Language Understanding

Author : Ekaterina Ovchinnikova
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9491216538
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Integration of World Knowledge for Natural Language Understanding by : Ekaterina Ovchinnikova

Download or read book Integration of World Knowledge for Natural Language Understanding written by Ekaterina Ovchinnikova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-15 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concerns non-linguistic knowledge required to perform computational natural language understanding (NLU). The main objective of the book is to show that inference-based NLU has the potential for practical large scale applications. First, an introduction to research areas relevant for NLU is given. We review approaches to linguistic meaning, explore knowledge resources, describe semantic parsers, and compare two main forms of inference: deduction and abduction. In the main part of the book, we propose an integrative knowledge base combining lexical-semantic, ontological, and distributional knowledge. A particular attention is payed to ensuring its consistency. We then design a reasoning procedure able to make use of the large scale knowledge base. We experiment both with a deduction-based NLU system and with an abductive reasoner. For evaluation, we use three different NLU tasks: recognizing textual entailment, semantic role labeling, and interpretation of noun dependencies.

Linguistics for the Age of AI

Author : Marjorie Mcshane
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262362600
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Linguistics for the Age of AI by : Marjorie Mcshane

Download or read book Linguistics for the Age of AI written by Marjorie Mcshane and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A human-inspired, linguistically sophisticated model of language understanding for intelligent agent systems. One of the original goals of artificial intelligence research was to endow intelligent agents with human-level natural language capabilities. Recent AI research, however, has focused on applying statistical and machine learning approaches to big data rather than attempting to model what people do and how they do it. In this book, Marjorie McShane and Sergei Nirenburg return to the original goal of recreating human-level intelligence in a machine. They present a human-inspired, linguistically sophisticated model of language understanding for intelligent agent systems that emphasizes meaning--the deep, context-sensitive meaning that a person derives from spoken or written language.

A General Explanation-Based Learning Mechanism and Its Application to Narrative Understanding

Author : Raymond J. Mooney
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 : 9781558600911
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis A General Explanation-Based Learning Mechanism and Its Application to Narrative Understanding by : Raymond J. Mooney

Download or read book A General Explanation-Based Learning Mechanism and Its Application to Narrative Understanding written by Raymond J. Mooney and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 1990 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By Raymond J. Mooney.

Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering

Author : Eduardo Toledo Santos
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030512959
Total Pages : 1332 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering by : Eduardo Toledo Santos

Download or read book Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering written by Eduardo Toledo Santos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 1332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of information technology in civil and building engineering, presented at the 18th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE), São Paulo, Brazil, August 18-20, 2020. It covers highly diverse topics such as BIM, construction information modeling, knowledge management, GIS, GPS, laser scanning, sensors, monitoring, VR/AR, computer-aided construction, product and process modeling, big data and IoT, cooperative design, mobile computing, simulation, structural health monitoring, computer-aided structural control and analysis, ICT in geotechnical engineering, computational mechanics, asset management, maintenance, urban planning, facility management, and smart cities. Written by leading researchers and engineers, and selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, the contributions highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.

Semantic Interpretation and the Resolution of Ambiguity

Author : Graeme Hirst
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521428989
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Semantic Interpretation and the Resolution of Ambiguity by : Graeme Hirst

Download or read book Semantic Interpretation and the Resolution of Ambiguity written by Graeme Hirst and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semantic interpretation and the resolution of ambiguity presents an important advance in computer understanding of natural language. While parsing techniques have been greatly improved in recent years, the approach to semantics has generally improved in recent years, the approach to semantics has generally been ad hoc and had little theoretical basis. Graeme Hirst offers a new, theoretically motivated foundation for conceptual analysis by computer, and shows how this framework facilitates the resolution of lexical and syntactic ambiguities. His approach is interdisciplinary, drawing on research in computational linguistics, artificial intelligence, montague semantics, and cognitive psychology.

The KBMT Project

Author : Kenneth Goodman
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 : 9781558601291
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis The KBMT Project by : Kenneth Goodman

Download or read book The KBMT Project written by Kenneth Goodman and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 1991-07-15 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Machine translation of natural languages is one of the most complex and comprehensive applications of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence. This is especially true of knowledge-based machine translation (KBMT) systems, which require many knowledge resources and processing modules to carry out the necessary levels of analysis, representation and generation of meaning and form. The number of real-world problems, tasks, and solutions involved in developing any realistic-size knowledge-based machine translation system is enormous. It is thus difficult for researchers in the field to learn what a system "really does". This book fills that need with a detailed case study of a KBMT system implemented at the Center for Machine Translation at Carnegie Mellon University. The research consists in part of the creation of a system for translation between English and Japanese. The corpora used in the project were manuals for installing and maintaining IBM personal computers (sponsorship by IBM, through its Tokyo Research Laboratory) Individual chapters describe the interlingua texts used in knowledge-based machine translation, the grammar formalism embodied in the system, the grammars and lexicons and their roles in the translation process, the process of source language analysis, an augmentation module that interactively and automatically resolves ambiguities remaining after source language analysis, and the generator, which produces target language sentences. Detailed appendices illustrate the process from analysis through generation. This book is intended for developers, researchers and advanced students in natural language processing and computational linguistics, including all those who have an interest in machine translation and machine-aided translation.

Knowledge-Based Systems

Author : Rajendra Akerkar
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN 13 : 0763776475
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (637 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge-Based Systems by : Rajendra Akerkar

Download or read book Knowledge-Based Systems written by Rajendra Akerkar and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2010-08-30 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge Based Systems (KBS) are systems that use artificial intelligence techniques in the problem solving process. This text is designed to develop an appreciation of KBS and their architecture and to help users understand a broad variety of knowledge based techniques for decision support and planning. It assumes basic computer science skills and a math background that includes set theory, relations, elementary probability, and introductory concepts of artificial intelligence. Each of the 12 chapters are designed to be modular providing instructors with the flexibility to model the book to their own course needs. Exercises are incorporated throughout the text to highlight certain aspects of the material being presented and to stimulate thought and discussion.

A Practical Guide to Hybrid Natural Language Processing

Author : Jose Manuel Gomez-Perez
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030448304
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis A Practical Guide to Hybrid Natural Language Processing by : Jose Manuel Gomez-Perez

Download or read book A Practical Guide to Hybrid Natural Language Processing written by Jose Manuel Gomez-Perez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-16 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with a practical guide to the principles of hybrid approaches to natural language processing (NLP) involving a combination of neural methods and knowledge graphs. To this end, it first introduces the main building blocks and then describes how they can be integrated to support the effective implementation of real-world NLP applications. To illustrate the ideas described, the book also includes a comprehensive set of experiments and exercises involving different algorithms over a selection of domains and corpora in various NLP tasks. Throughout, the authors show how to leverage complementary representations stemming from the analysis of unstructured text corpora as well as the entities and relations described explicitly in a knowledge graph, how to integrate such representations, and how to use the resulting features to effectively solve NLP tasks in a range of domains. In addition, the book offers access to executable code with examples, exercises and real-world applications in key domains, like disinformation analysis and machine reading comprehension of scientific literature. All the examples and exercises proposed in the book are available as executable Jupyter notebooks in a GitHub repository. They are all ready to be run on Google Colaboratory or, if preferred, in a local environment. A valuable resource for anyone interested in the interplay between neural and knowledge-based approaches to NLP, this book is a useful guide for readers with a background in structured knowledge representations as well as those whose main approach to AI is fundamentally based on logic. Further, it will appeal to those whose main background is in the areas of machine and deep learning who are looking for ways to leverage structured knowledge bases to optimize results along the NLP downstream.

Machine Translation

Author : Sergei Nirenburg
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Machine Translation by : Sergei Nirenburg

Download or read book Machine Translation written by Sergei Nirenburg and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 1992 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All over the world, people are claiming their rights. Are these claims prompted by similar values and aspirations? And even if human rights are universal, what are the consequences of claiming them in different historical, cultural and material realities? The diversity of African countries considered in this book compels careful thought about these questions.

ITNG 2021 18th International Conference on Information Technology-New Generations

Author : Shahram Latifi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030704165
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis ITNG 2021 18th International Conference on Information Technology-New Generations by : Shahram Latifi

Download or read book ITNG 2021 18th International Conference on Information Technology-New Generations written by Shahram Latifi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-04 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents the 18th International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations (ITNG), 2021. ITNG is an annual event focusing on state of the art technologies pertaining to digital information and communications. The applications of advanced information technology to such domains as astronomy, biology, education, geosciences, security, and health care are the among topics of relevance to ITNG. Visionary ideas, theoretical and experimental results, as well as prototypes, designs, and tools that help the information readily flow to the user are of special interest. Machine Learning, Robotics, High Performance Computing, and Innovative Methods of Computing are examples of related topics. The conference features keynote speakers, a best student award, poster award, service award, a technical open panel, and workshops/exhibits from industry, government and academia. This publication is unique as it captures modern trends in IT with a balance of theoretical and experimental work. Most other work focus either on theoretical or experimental, but not both. Accordingly, we do not know of any competitive literature.

A Knowledge Based Approach to Landsat Image Interpretation

Author : Jezching Ton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis A Knowledge Based Approach to Landsat Image Interpretation by : Jezching Ton

Download or read book A Knowledge Based Approach to Landsat Image Interpretation written by Jezching Ton and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Embeddings in Natural Language Processing

Author : Mohammad Taher Pilehvar
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1636390226
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (363 download)

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Book Synopsis Embeddings in Natural Language Processing by : Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

Download or read book Embeddings in Natural Language Processing written by Mohammad Taher Pilehvar and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embeddings have undoubtedly been one of the most influential research areas in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Encoding information into a low-dimensional vector representation, which is easily integrable in modern machine learning models, has played a central role in the development of NLP. Embedding techniques initially focused on words, but the attention soon started to shift to other forms: from graph structures, such as knowledge bases, to other types of textual content, such as sentences and documents. This book provides a high-level synthesis of the main embedding techniques in NLP, in the broad sense. The book starts by explaining conventional word vector space models and word embeddings (e.g., Word2Vec and GloVe) and then moves to other types of embeddings, such as word sense, sentence and document, and graph embeddings. The book also provides an overview of recent developments in contextualized representations (e.g., ELMo and BERT) and explains their potential in NLP. Throughout the book, the reader can find both essential information for understanding a certain topic from scratch and a broad overview of the most successful techniques developed in the literature.

Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advancement on Computer and Communication

Author : Basant Tiwari
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811081980
Total Pages : 657 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advancement on Computer and Communication by : Basant Tiwari

Download or read book Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advancement on Computer and Communication written by Basant Tiwari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a compilation of best papers presented at International Conference on Recent Advancement in Computer and Communication (ICRAC 2017) organized by IMPLab Research and Innovation Foundation, Bhopal, India. The book covers all aspects of computers and communication techniques including pervasive computing, distributed computing, cloud computing, sensor and adhoc network, image, text and speech processing, pattern recognition and pattern analysis, digital signal processing, digital electronics, telecommunication technologies, robotics, VLSI technologies, embedded system, satellite communication, digital signal processing, and digital communication. The papers included are original research works of experts from industry, government centers and academic institutions; experienced in engineering, design and research.

Machine Translation and the Lexicon

Author : Petra Steffens
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540590408
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Machine Translation and the Lexicon by : Petra Steffens

Download or read book Machine Translation and the Lexicon written by Petra Steffens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-03-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Workshop of the European Association for Machine Translation, held in Heidelberg, Germany in April 1993. The EAMT Workshops traditionally aim at bringing together researchers, developers, users, and others interested in the field of machine or computer-assisted translation research, development and use. The volume presents thoroughly revised versions of the 15 best workshop contributions together with an introductory survey by the volume editor. The presentations are centered primarily on questions of acquiring, sharing, and managing lexical data, but also address aspects of lexical description.

Multilingual Book Production

Author : Bill Cope
Publisher : Common Ground
ISBN 13 : 186335073X
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (633 download)

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Book Synopsis Multilingual Book Production by : Bill Cope

Download or read book Multilingual Book Production written by Bill Cope and published by Common Ground. This book was released on 2001 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The universal process of globalisation brings the peoples, cultures and languages of the world closer together. But this process does not have to make them more the same. The emerging technological tools of digital text creation and manufacture make possible quite the opposite - the revival of small cultures and languages. This books sets out to argue two things. Firstly, that the technological, commercial and cultural forces of globalisation are moving into a very complex phase in which the effects on the Australian publishing industry may not be what we expect. They need not fortify and extend the technological, commercial and cultural domination of the multinational corporations and the English language, but could become agents which foster increasing cultural diversity, greater local commercial autonomy, and the revival of local and ancestral languages and culture. The second aim of this book is to discuss the technological, human skills and enterprise possibilities for Australia, a small, multicultural country in an economic region where the English language is becoming less important.