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A History Of Old Norse Poetry And Poetics
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Book Synopsis A History of Old Norse Poetry and Poetics by : Margaret Clunies Ross
Download or read book A History of Old Norse Poetry and Poetics written by Margaret Clunies Ross and published by DS Brewer. This book was released on 2005 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book in English to deal with the twin subjects of Old Norse poetry and the various vernacular treatises on native poetry that were a conspicuous feature of medieval intellectual life in Iceland and the Orkneys from the mid-twelfth to the fourteenth centuries. Its aim is to give a clear description of the rich poetic tradition of early Scandinavia, particularly in Iceland, where it reached its zenith, and to demonstrate the social contexts that favoured poetic composition, from the oral societies of the early Viking Age in Norway and its colonies to the devout compositions of literate Christian clerics in fourteenth-century Iceland. The author analyses the two dominant poetic modes, eddic and skaldic, giving fresh examples of their various styles and subjects; looks at the prose contexts in which most Old Norse poetry has been preserved; and discusses problems of interpretation that arise because of the poetry's mode of transmission. She is concerned throughout to link indigenous theory with practice, beginning with the pre-Christian ideology of poets as favoured by the god ódinn and concluding with the Christian notion that a plain style best conveys the poet's message. Margaret Clunies Ross is McCaughey Professor of English Language and Early English Literature and Director of the Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of Sydney.
Book Synopsis English Poetry and Old Norse Myth by : Heather O'Donoghue
Download or read book English Poetry and Old Norse Myth written by Heather O'Donoghue and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English Poetry and Old Norse Myth: A History traces the influence of Old Norse myth -- stories and poems about the familiar gods and goddesses of the pagan North, such as Odin, Thor, Baldr and Freyja -- on poetry in English from Anglo-Saxon times to the present day. Especial care is taken to determine the precise form in which these poets encountered the mythic material, so that the book traces a parallel history of the gradual dissemination of Old Norse mythic texts. Very many major poets were inspired by Old Norse myth. Some, for instance the Anglo-Saxon poet of Beowulf, or much later, Sir Walter Scott, used Old Norse mythic references to lend dramatic colour and apparent authenticity to their presentation of a distant Northern past. Others, like Thomas Gray, or Matthew Arnold, adapted Old Norse mythological poems and stories in ways which both responded to and helped to form the literary tastes of their own times. Still others, such as William Blake, or David Jones, reworked and incorporated celebrated elements of Norse myth - valkyries weaving the fates of men, or the great World Tree Yggdrasill on which Odin sacrificed himself - as personal symbols in their own poetry. This book also considers less familiar literary figures, showing how a surprisingly large number of poets in English engaged in individual ways with Old Norse myth. English Poetry and Old Norse Myth: A History demonstrates how attitudes towards the pagan mythology of the north change over time, but reveals that poets have always recognized Old Norse myth as a vital part of the literary, political and historical legacy of the English-speaking world.
Book Synopsis Dating the Old Norse Poetic Edda by : Christopher D. Sapp
Download or read book Dating the Old Norse Poetic Edda written by Christopher D. Sapp and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2022-06-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers new dating of the poems of the Old Norse Poetic Edda , perhaps our best sources about the mythology and legends of the Viking Age. This study compares the anonymous Eddic poems to dated skaldic poems with respect to five phenomena that develop diachronically in early Old Norse: the expletive particle of, types of negation, word order, types of relative clause, and metrical criteria. After examining these dating features individually, the three most reliable criteria—the particle of, negation, and relative clause type—are combined into a multifactorial analysis using a Naïve Bayes Classifier. The classifier assigns a date to each Eddic poem, and these proposed dates have interesting implications for our understanding of these texts as sources for the medieval history, mythology, linguistics, and literature of the Germanic peoples. This book will have broad interdisciplinary interest, not just to historical linguists and philologists but also to scholars of Norse history, literature, and mythology.
Book Synopsis Revisiting the Poetic Edda by : Paul Acker
Download or read book Revisiting the Poetic Edda written by Paul Acker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing alive the dramatic poems of Old Norse heroic legend, this new collection offers accessible, ground-breaking and inspiring essays which introduce and analyse the exciting legends of the two doomed Helgis and their valkyrie lovers; the dragon-slayer Sigurðr; Brynhildr the implacable shield-maiden; tragic Guðrún and her children; Attila the Hun (from a Norse perspective!); and greedy King Fróði, whose name lives on in Tolkien’s Frodo. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the poems for students, taking a number of fresh, theoretically-sophisticated and productive approaches to the poetry and its characters. Contributors bring to bear insights generated by comparative study, speech act and feminist theory, queer theory and psychoanalytic theory (among others) to raise new, probing questions about the heroic poetry and its reception. Each essay is accompanied by up-to-date lists of further reading and a contextualisation of the poems or texts discussed in critical history. Drawing on the latest international studies of the poems in their manuscript context, and written by experts in their individual fields, engaging with the texts in their original language and context, but presented with full translations, this companion volume to The Poetic Edda: Essays on Old Norse Mythology (Routledge, 2002) is accessible to students and illuminating for experts. Essays also examine the afterlife of the heroic poems in Norse legendary saga, late medieval Icelandic poetry, the nineteenth-century operas of Richard Wagner’s Der Ring des Nibelungen, and the recently published (posthumous) poem by Tolkien, The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún.
Download or read book OLD NORSE POEMS written by Various and published by Abela Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE GROUP of poems offered in this volume comprises practically all the more considerable (non-Skaldic) verse material not in the Edda. Indeed, it has been subtitled "the most important non-skaldic verse not included in the poetic edda." It is a supplement to the Edda and it shows, even better than that remarkable collection, the wealth of independent poetic inventions and forms that flourished in the Scandinavian North before and immediately after the introduction of Christianity, especially when we bear in mind that much has been irretrievably lost. As to the contents of these poems, with respect to the first group of nine, range from the genuinely "heroic," realistic, dialogic-dramatic, earlier lays (such as the Biarkamol) to the more "romantic," legendary, monologic-elegiac, retrospective, later lays (like Hialmar's Death Song); though the lines of demarcation are by no means sharp and, in fact, nearly every poem represents an individual combination of these traits. A very different type of lay is seen in the three contemporary encomiastic poems which celebrate the life and deeds of the (historic) rulers of Norway-the only non-Skaldic efforts of this genre so exceedingly numerous in Old Norse literature. There is no common denominator for the four poems at the end of the volume, except possibly their arch-heathen character. As a finale the Song of the Sun marks the transition from heathen to Christian spheres of thought. Common to all of this material is its unliterary, that is, unbookish, character which is in marked contrast to virtually all of Anglo-Saxon epic literature, influenced as it is, to a greater or lesser degree, by Christian or classical models. That is to say, we deal here with the genuinely native expression of the North. 33% of the net profit will be donated to charities for educational purposes. Yesterday's Books for Tomorrow's Educations"
Author :Beverliey Braune Publisher :Peter Lang Limited, International Academic Publishers ISBN 13 :9781800795440 Total Pages : pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (954 download)
Book Synopsis Historical Lacunae and Poetic Space by : Beverliey Braune
Download or read book Historical Lacunae and Poetic Space written by Beverliey Braune and published by Peter Lang Limited, International Academic Publishers. This book was released on 2022-03-21 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the nature of poetic reading using a creative approach to understanding Old Norse poetry. Through a poetic enactment, an epic poem and its companion reader, the author explores critical approaches to Old Norse poetry and poetics, exploring the complex relationship between history, criticism and the creative reader.
Book Synopsis The Poetic Edda & The Prose Edda (Complete Edition) by : Snorri Sturluson
Download or read book The Poetic Edda & The Prose Edda (Complete Edition) written by Snorri Sturluson and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2023-12-27 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This meticulously edited ebook collection is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents. "Edda" is an Old Norse term attributed by modern scholars to these two main Medieval Icelandic literary works of mythology: Contents: The Elder Eddas of Saemund Völuspâ. The Vala's Prophecy The Lay Of Vafthrudnir The Lay Of Grimnir The Lay Of Vegtam, Or Baldr's Dreams The High One's Lay Odin's Rune-song The Lay Of Hymir The Lay Of Thrym, Or The Hammer Recovered The Lay Of The Dwarf Alvis The Lay Of Harbard The Journey Or Lay Of Skirnir The Lay Of Rig Oegir's Compotation, Or Loki's Altercation The Lay Of Fiolsvith The Lay Of Hyndla The Incantation Of Groa The Song Of The Sun Sinfiotli's End The First Lay Of Sigurd Fafnicide, Or Gripir's Prophecy The Second Lay Of Sigurd Fafnicide The Lay Of Fafnir The Lay Of Sigrdrifa Fragments Of The Lay Of Sigurd And Brynhild The Third Lay Of Sigurd Fafnicide Fragments Of The Lay Of Brynhild The First Lay Of Gudrun Brynhild's Hel-ride The Slaughter Of The Niflungs The Second Lay Of Gudrun The Third Lay Of Gudrun Oddrun's Lament The Lay Of Atli The Groenland Lay Of Atli Gudrun's Incitement The Lay Of Hamdir The Younger Eddas of Sturleson The Deluding Of Gylfi Gylfi's Journey To Asgard Of The Supreme Deity Of The Primordial State Of The Universe Of Night And Day Of The Sun And Moon Of The Way That Leads To Heaven The Golden Age Origin Of The Dwarfs Of The Ash Yggdrasill, Mimir's Well., And The Norns Or Destinies Of The Various Celestial Regions Of The Wind And The Seasons Of Odin Of Thor Of Baldur Of Njord Of The God Frey, And The Goddess Freyja Of Tyr Of The Other Gods Hodur The Blind, Assassin Of Baldur Of Loki And His Progeny Of Ragnarok, Or The Twilight Of The Gods, And The Conflagration Of The Universe
Download or read book The Poetic Edda written by Paul Acker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-02-08 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique collection of essays applies significant critical approaches to the mythological poetry of the Poetic Edda, a principal source for Old Norse cosmography and the legends of Odin, Loki, and Thor. The volume also provides very useful introductions that sketch the critical history of the Eddas. By applying new theoretical approaches (feminist, structuralist, post-structuralist) to each of the major poems, this book yields a variety of powerful and convincing readings. Contributors to the collection are both young scholars and senior figures in the discipline, and are of varying nationalities (American, British, Australian, Scandinavian, and Icelandic), thus ensuring a range of interpretations from different corners of the scholarly community. The new translations included here make available for the first time to English speaking students the intriguing methodologies that are currently developing in Scandinavia. An essential collection of scholarship for any Old Norse course, The Poetic Edda will also be of interest to scholars of Indo-European myth, as well as those who study the theory of myth.
Book Synopsis Old Norse Poetry in Performance by : Brian McMahon
Download or read book Old Norse Poetry in Performance written by Brian McMahon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-05-02 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a range of approaches to the study of Old Norse poetry in performance. The contributors examine both eddic and skaldic poems and consider the surviving evidence for how they were originally recited or otherwise performed in medieval Scandinavia, Iceland and at royal courts across Europe. This study also engages with the challenge of reconstructing medieval performance styles and examines ways of applying the modern discipline of Performance Studies to the fragmentary corpus of Old Norse verse. The performance of verse by characters who appear in the Old Icelandic saga tradition is also considered, as is the cultural value associated not only with the poems themselves but with their various means of transmission and reception. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars in the fields of Old Norse studies, Performance and Theatre History.
Download or read book Viking Mediologies written by Kate Heslop and published by Fordham University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viking Mediologies is a study of pre-modern multimedia rooted in the embodied poetic practice of Viking Age skalds. Prior study of the skaldic tradition has focused on authorship—distinctions of poetic style, historical contexts, and attention to the oeuvres of the skalds whose names are preserved in the written tradition. Kate Heslop reconsiders these not as texts but as pieces in a pre-modern media landscape, focusing on poetry’s medial capacity to embody memory, visuality, and sound. Mobile, hybrid, diasporic social formations—bands of raiders and traders, petty kingdoms, colonial expeditions—achieved new prominence in the Viking Age. Skalds offered the leaders of these groups something uniquely valuable. With their complicated poetry, they claimed to be able to capture shared contingent meanings and re-mediate them in named, memorable, reproducible works. The commemorative poetry in kviðuháttr remembers histories of ruin and loss. Skaldic ekphrasis discloses and reproduces the presence of the gods. Dróttkvætt encomium evokes for the leader’s retinue the soundscape of battle. As writing arrived in Scandinavia in the wake of Christianization, the media landscape shifted. In the poetry of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, skalds adjusted to the demands of a literate audience, while the historical and poetological texts of the Icelandic High Middle Ages opened a dialogue between Latin Christian ideas of mediation and local traditions. In the Second Grammatical Treatise, for example, the literate technology of the grid is used to analyze the complex resonances of dróttkvætt as the output of a syllable-spewing hurdy-gurdy—a poetry machine. Offering both new readings of both canonical works such as Ynglingatal, Ragnarsdrápa, and Háttatal, and examinations of lesser-known texts like Glymdrápa, Líknarbraut, and Sturla Þórðarson’s Hákonarkviða, Viking Mediologies explores the powers and limits of poetic mediation.
Book Synopsis A Handbook to Eddic Poetry by : Carolyne Larrington
Download or read book A Handbook to Eddic Poetry written by Carolyne Larrington and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive and accessible survey in English of Old Norse eddic poetry: a remarkable body of literature rooted in the Viking Age, which is a critical source for the study of early Scandinavian myths, poetics, culture and society. Dramatically recreating the voices of the legendary past, eddic poems distil moments of high emotion as human heroes and supernatural beings alike grapple with betrayal, loyalty, mortality and love. These poems relate the most famous deeds of gods such as Óðinn and Þórr with their adversaries the giants; they bring to life the often fraught interactions between kings, queens and heroes as well as their encounters with valkyries, elves, dragons and dwarfs. Written by leading international scholars, the chapters in this volume showcase the poetic riches of the eddic corpus, and reveal its relevance to the history of poetics, gender studies, pre-Christian religions, art history and archaeology.
Download or read book The Poetic Edda written by Unkown and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-01-08 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Poetic Edda A Collection of Norse Poems Translated from the Icelandic with an Introduction and Notes By Henry Adams Bellows Two Volumes in One American Scandinavian Foundation The Poetic Edda is the modern attribution for an unnamed collection of Old Norse poems. Several versions exist, all consisting primarily of text from the Icelandic mediaeval manuscript known as the Codex Regius. The Codex Regius is arguably the most important extant source on Norse mythology and Germanic heroic legends, and from the early 19th century onwards has had a powerful influence on later Scandinavian literatures, not merely through the stories which it contains, but also through the visionary force and dramatic quality of many of the poems. It has also become an inspiring model for many later innovations in poetic meter, particularly in the Nordic languages, offering many varied examples of terse, stress-based metrical schemes working without any final rhyme, and instead using alliterative devices and strongly concentrated imagery. Poets who have acknowledged their debt to the Poetic Edda include Vilhelm Ekelund, August Strindberg, J.R.R. Tolkien, Ezra Pound, Jorge Luis Borges, and Karin Boye. THERE is scarcely any literary work of great importance which has been less readily available for the general reader, or even for the serious student of literature, than the Poetic Edda. Translations have been far from numerous, and only in Germany has the complete work of translation been done in the full light of recent scholarship. In English the only versions were long the conspicuously inadequate one made by Thorpe, and published about half a century ago, and the unsatisfactory prose translations in Vigfusson and Powell's Corpus Poeticum Boreale, reprinted in the Norroena collection. An excellent translation of the poems dealing with the gods, in verse and with critical and explanatory notes, made by Olive Bray, was, however, published by the Viking Club of London in 1908. In French there exist only partial translations, chief among them being those made by Bergmann many years ago. Among the seven or eight German versions, those by the Brothers Grimm and by Karl Simrock, which had considerable historical importance because of their influence on nineteenth century German literature and art, and particularly on the work of Richard Wagner, have been largely superseded by Hugo Gering's admirable translation, published in 1892, and by the recent two volume rendering by Genzmer, with excellent notes by Andreas Heusler, 194-1920. There are competent translations in both Norwegian and Swedish. The lack of any complete and adequately annotated English rendering in metrical form, based on a critical text, and profiting by the cumulative labors of such scholars as Mogk, Vigfusson, Finnur Jonsson, Grundtvig, Bugge, Gislason, Hildebrand, Luning, Sweet, Niedner, Ettmuller, Mullenhoff, Edzardi, B. M. Olsen, Sievers, Sijmons, Detter, Heinzel, Falk, Neckel, Heusler, and Gering, has kept this extraordinary work practically out of the reach of those who have had neither time nor inclination to master the intricacies of the original Old Norse. CONTENTS INCLUDE: General Introduction Lays of the Gods Voluspo Hovamol Vafthruthnismol Grimnismol Skirnismol Harbarthsljoth Hymiskvitha Lokasenna Thrymskvitha Alvissmol Baldrs Draumar Rigsthula Hyndluljoth Svipdagsmol Lays of the Heroes Plus many more......
Book Synopsis The Poetics of Commemoration by : Erin Michelle Goeres
Download or read book The Poetics of Commemoration written by Erin Michelle Goeres and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-19 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Poetics of Commemoration is a study of commemorative skaldic verse from the Viking Age. It investigates how skaldic poets responded to the deaths of kings and the ways in which poetic commemoration functioned within the social and political communities of the early medieval court. Beginning with the early genealogical poem Ynglingatal, the book explores how the commemoration of a king's ancestors could be used to consolidate his political position and to provide a shared history for the community. It then examines the presentation of dead kings in the poems Eiríksmál and Hákonarmál, showing how poets could re-cast their kings as characters of myth and legend in the afterlife. This is followed by an analysis of verse in which poets use their commemoration of one king to reinforce their relationship with his successor; it is shown that poetry could both help and hinder the integration of the poet into the retinue of a new king. Focusing then on the memorial poems composed for Kings Óláfr Tryggvason and Óláfr Haraldsson, as well as for the Jarls of the Orkney Islands, the book considers the tension between public and private expressions of grief. It explores the strategies used by poets to negotiate the tumultuous period that followed the death of a king, and to work through their own emotional responses to that loss. The book demonstrates that skaldic poets engaged with the deaths of rulers in a wide variety of ways, and that poetic commemoration was a particularly effective means not only of constructing a collective memory of the dead man, but also of consolidating the new social identity of the community he left behind.
Book Synopsis The Meters of Old Norse Eddic Poetry by : Seiichi Suzuki
Download or read book The Meters of Old Norse Eddic Poetry written by Seiichi Suzuki and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 1141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a formal and functional study of the three distinct meters of Old Norse eddic poetry, fornyrðislag, málaháttr, and ljóðaháttr. Itprovides a systematic account of these archaic meters, both synchronic and diachronic, and from a comparative Germanic perspective; particularly concerned with Norse innovations in metrical practice, Suzukiexplores how and why the three meters were shaped in West Scandinavia through divergent reorganization of the Common Germanic metrical system. The bookconstitutes the first comprehensive work on the meters of Old Norse eddic poetry in a single coherent framework; with thorough data presentation, detailed philological analysis, and sophisticated linguistic explanation, the book will be of enormous interest to Old Germanic philologists/linguists, medievalists, as well as metrists of all persuasions. A strong methodological advantage of this work is the extensive use of inferential statistical techniques for giving empirical support to specific analyses and claims being adduced. Another strength is a cognitive dimension, a (re)construction of a prototype-based model of the metrical system and its overall characterization as an integral part of the poetic knowledge that governed eddic poets' verse-making technique in general.
Book Synopsis Old Norse Women's Poetry by : Sandra Ballif Straubhaar
Download or read book Old Norse Women's Poetry written by Sandra Ballif Straubhaar and published by DS Brewer. This book was released on 2011 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Text, with English translation in two formats, of all the Old Norse poetry attributed to women - skáldkonur. The rich and compelling corpus of Old Norse poetry is one of the most important and influential areas of medieval European literature. What is less well known, however, is the quantity of the material which can be attributed to women skalds. This book, intended for a broad audience, presents a bilingual edition (Old Norse and English) of this material, from the ninth to the thirteenth century and beyond, with commentary and notes. The poems here reflect the dramatic and often violent nature of the sagas: their subject matter features Viking Age shipboard adventures and shipwrecks; prophecies; curses; declarations of love and of revenge; duels, feuds and battles; encounters with ghosts; marital and family discord; and religious insults, among many other topics. Their authors fall into four main categories: pre-Christian Norwegian and Icelandic skáldkonur of the Viking Age; Icelandic skáldkonur of the Sturlung Age (thirteenth century); additional early skáldkonur from the Islendingasögur and related material, not as historically verifiable as the first group; and mythical figures cited as reciting verse in the legendary sagas (fornaldarsögur). Sandra Ballif Straubhaar is Senior Lecturer in Germanic Studies at the University of Texas at Austin.
Book Synopsis The Old Norse Poetic Translations of Thomas Percy by : Margaret Clunies Ross
Download or read book The Old Norse Poetic Translations of Thomas Percy written by Margaret Clunies Ross and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viking Mediologies written by Kate Heslop and published by Fordham University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viking Mediologies is a study of pre-modern multimedia rooted in the embodied poetic practice of Viking Age skalds. Prior study of the skaldic tradition has focused on authorship—distinctions of poetic style, historical contexts, and attention to the oeuvres of the skalds whose names are preserved in the written tradition. Kate Heslop reconsiders these not as texts but as pieces in a pre-modern media landscape, focusing on poetry’s medial capacity to embody memory, visuality, and sound. Mobile, hybrid, diasporic social formations—bands of raiders and traders, petty kingdoms, colonial expeditions—achieved new prominence in the Viking Age. Skalds offered the leaders of these groups something uniquely valuable. With their complicated poetry, they claimed to be able to capture shared contingent meanings and re-mediate them in named, memorable, reproducible works. The commemorative poetry in kviðuháttr remembers histories of ruin and loss. Skaldic ekphrasis discloses and reproduces the presence of the gods. Dróttkvætt encomium evokes for the leader’s retinue the soundscape of battle. As writing arrived in Scandinavia in the wake of Christianization, the media landscape shifted. In the poetry of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, skalds adjusted to the demands of a literate audience, while the historical and poetological texts of the Icelandic High Middle Ages opened a dialogue between Latin Christian ideas of mediation and local traditions. In the Second Grammatical Treatise, for example, the literate technology of the grid is used to analyze the complex resonances of dróttkvætt as the output of a syllable-spewing hurdy-gurdy—a poetry machine. Offering both new readings of both canonical works such as Ynglingatal, Ragnarsdrápa, and Háttatal, and examinations of lesser-known texts like Glymdrápa, Líknarbraut, and Sturla Þórðarson’s Hákonarkviða, Viking Mediologies explores the powers and limits of poetic mediation.
