A History Of Exorcism In Catholic Christianity

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A History of Exorcism in Catholic Christianity

Author : Francis Young
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319291122
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Exorcism in Catholic Christianity by : Francis Young

Download or read book A History of Exorcism in Catholic Christianity written by Francis Young and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-27 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the development of exorcism in Catholic Christianity from the fourth century to the present day, and seeks to explain why exorcism is still so much in demand. This is the first work in English to trace the development of the liturgy, practice and authorisation of exorcisms in Latin Christianity. The rite of exorcism, and the claim by Roman Catholic priests to be able to drive demons from the possessed, remains an enduring source of popular fascination, but the origins and history of this controversial rite have been little explored. Arguing that belief in the need for exorcism typically re-emerges at periods of crisis for the church, Francis Young explores the shifting boundaries between authorised exorcisms and unauthorised magic throughout Christian history, from Augustine of Hippo to Pope Francis. This book offers the historical background to – and suggests reasons for – the current resurgence of exorcism in the global Catholic Church.

A History of Exorcism in Catholic Christianity

Author : Francis Young
Publisher : Palgrave MacMillan
ISBN 13 : 9783319804910
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Exorcism in Catholic Christianity by : Francis Young

Download or read book A History of Exorcism in Catholic Christianity written by Francis Young and published by Palgrave MacMillan. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the development of exorcism in Catholic Christianity from the fourth century to the present day, and seeks to explain why exorcism is still so much in demand. This is the first work in English to trace the development of the liturgy, practice and authorisation of exorcisms in Latin Christianity. The rite of exorcism, and the claim by Roman Catholic priests to be able to drive demons from the possessed, remains an enduring source of popular fascination, but the origins and history of this controversial rite have been little explored. Arguing that belief in the need for exorcism typically re-emerges at periods of crisis for the church, Francis Young explores the shifting boundaries between authorised exorcisms and unauthorised magic throughout Christian history, from Augustine of Hippo to Pope Francis. This book offers the historical background to - and suggests reasons for - the current resurgence of exorcism in the global Catholic Church.

Hauntings, Possessions, and Exorcisms

Author : Adam C. Blai
Publisher : Emmaus Road Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1945125608
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (451 download)

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Book Synopsis Hauntings, Possessions, and Exorcisms by : Adam C. Blai

Download or read book Hauntings, Possessions, and Exorcisms written by Adam C. Blai and published by Emmaus Road Publishing. This book was released on 2017-08-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do you fight an enemy you can’t see? In this field guide to defense against the demonic, Adam Blai, an expert in religious demonology and exorcism for the diocese of Pittsburgh, shares information and advice gained over years of extensive experience with the paranormal. Review the scriptural evidence about demons—who were cast down to earth, not hell—and the tricks they play to try to gain influence in our lives. You’ll also discover the tools the Church has developed for us to combat and resist the forces of evil. Written in an easy-to-read style, this book is perfect for the Catholic looking to learn more about the invisible forces hell-bent on the destruction of your soul—and how to claim the victory Christ has already won.

The Social Scientific Study of Exorcism in Christianity

Author : Giuseppe Giordan
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030431738
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Scientific Study of Exorcism in Christianity by : Giuseppe Giordan

Download or read book The Social Scientific Study of Exorcism in Christianity written by Giuseppe Giordan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an academic analysis of exorcism in Christianity. It not only explores the crisis and drama of a single individual in a fight against demonic possession but also looks at the broader implications for the society in which the possessed lives. In recognition of this, coverage includes case studies from various geographical areas in Europe, North and South America, and Oceania. The contributors explore the growing significance of the rite of exorcism, both in its more structured format within traditional Christian religions as well as in the less controlled and structured forms in the rites of deliverance within Neopentecostal movements. They examine theories on the interaction between religion, magic, and science to present new and groundbreaking data on exorcism. The fight against demonic possession underlines the way in which changes within the religious field, such as the rediscovery of typical practices of popular religiosity, challenge the expectations of the theory of secularization. This book argues that if possession is a threat to the individual and to the equilibrium of the social order, the ritual of exorcism is able to re-establish a balance and an order through the power of the exorcist. This does not happen in a social vacuum but in a consumer culture where religious groups market themselves against other faiths. This book appeals to researchers in the field.

A History of Anglican Exorcism

Author : Francis Young
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1838607927
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (386 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Anglican Exorcism by : Francis Young

Download or read book A History of Anglican Exorcism written by Francis Young and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-30 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exorcism is more widespread in contemporary England than perhaps at any other time in history. The Anglican Church is by no means the main provider of this ritual, which predominantly takes place in independent churches. However, every one of the Church of England dioceses in the country now designates at least one member of its clergy to advise on casting out demons. Such `deliverance ministry' is in theory made available to all those parishioners who desire it. Yet, as Francis Young reveals, present-day exorcism in Anglicanism is an unlikely historical anomaly. It sprang into existence in the 1970s within a church that earlier on had spent whole centuries condemning the expulsion of evil spirits as either Catholic superstition or evangelical excess. This book for the first time tells the full story of the Anglican Church's approach to demonology and the exorcist's ritual since the Reformation in the sixteenth century. The author explains how and why how such a remarkable transformation in the Church's attitude to the rite of exorcism took place, while also setting his subject against the canvas of the wider history of ideas.

Exorcism: The Battle Against Satan and His Demons

Author : Fr. Vincent P. Lampert
Publisher : Emmaus Road Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1645850625
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (458 download)

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Book Synopsis Exorcism: The Battle Against Satan and His Demons by : Fr. Vincent P. Lampert

Download or read book Exorcism: The Battle Against Satan and His Demons written by Fr. Vincent P. Lampert and published by Emmaus Road Publishing. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when many Christians no longer practice their faith, there has been an increase in the attention given to the devil and his devious ways. Because the devil seeks to destroy and separate us from God, all Catholics must be on guard. In Exorcism: The Battle Against Satan and His Angels, Fr. Vincent P. Lampert, a seasoned exorcist, presents authentic Catholic teaching on the devil and his plan against humanity. Providing a window into the merciful ministry of exorcism, Fr. Lampert equips Catholics with the knowledge necessary to avoid become vulnerable to spiritual attack. In Exorcism, you’ll learn · how the Church selects and trains priests for the ministry of exorcism · where and how the devil operates in the world, and what Scripture has to say about it · why it is vital for Catholics to live a vibrant life of faith · what to do if you suspect the presence of the demonic in your life or in others and · how to fend off spiritual attack and build a stronger relationship with God. Exorcism makes clear that the power of Satan to wreak havoc in our lives pales in light of the glorious omnipotence of our Redeemer, Jesus Christ.

Healing in the Early Church

Author : Andrew Daunton-Fear
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1606088742
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Healing in the Early Church by : Andrew Daunton-Fear

Download or read book Healing in the Early Church written by Andrew Daunton-Fear and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents the most comprehensive investigation yet made into the healing activity of the Early Church. In contrast to early skeptics like B. B. Warfield, the author is convinced there was a vigorous healing ministry in the centuries that followed the apostles, though it fluctuated somewhat and changed its mode. Exorcism is prominently attested throughout the period. The pre-Nicene Fathers recognized its great apologetic value as a dramatic demonstration of the superiority of Jesus Christ over pagan gods. Interest in healing miracles per se appears to have been particularly characteristic of the less educated members of the Church and those who were chaste in their devotion to the cause of Christ. Amongst these groups gifts of healing were found, becoming rare it seems by the mid-third century, but well attested again later in monastic circles. In the pre-Nicene period anointing with oil (in the name of Christ) was clearly an avenue of healing and, though mentioned comparatively rarely, may have been widespread as part of the regular ministry of local clergy to the sick. Baptismal healing, physical as well as spiritual, also took place. In the post-Nicene Church the shrines of the martyrs became a prominent locus of healing. Devotion to this cult may have been encouraged by Church Fathers as an acceptable alternative to magical practices. But evidence suggests syncretism did occur and martyr's relics could be invested with quasi-magical awe. Most Fathers were positive about the medical profession, seeing it as an avenue of God's work, and in the late fourth century one pioneered the hospital which then spread throughout the eastern Mediterranean. In an appendix to his work, the author sets down nine pointers from the healing activity of the Early Church, and his own experience, to assist those engaged in the healing ministry today.

The Devil Within

Author : Brian Levack
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300195389
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Devil Within by : Brian Levack

Download or read book The Devil Within written by Brian Levack and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-22 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating, wide-ranging survey of the history of demon possession and exorcism through the ages. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the era of the Reformation, thousands of Europeans were thought to be possessed by demons. In response to their horrifying symptoms—violent convulsions, displays of preternatural strength, vomiting of foreign objects, displaying contempt for sacred objects, and others—exorcists were summoned to expel the evil spirits from victims’ bodies. This compelling book focuses on possession and exorcism in the Reformation period, but also reaches back to the fifteenth century and forward to our own times. Entire convents of nuns in French, Italian, and Spanish towns, thirty boys in an Amsterdam orphanage, a small group of young girls in Salem, Massachusetts—these are among the instances of demon possession in the United States and throughout Europe that Brian Levack closely examines, taking into account the diverse interpretations of generations of theologians, biblical scholars, pastors, physicians, anthropologists, psychiatrists, and historians. Challenging the commonly held belief that possession signals physical or mental illness, the author argues that demoniacs and exorcists—consciously or not—are following their various religious cultures, and their performances can only be understood in those contexts. “Riveting [and] readable . . . must-reading for students of history, psychology and religion.” —Publishers Weekly “Levak, a distinguished historian of early modern witchcraft, now sets exorcism in a long historical perspective, providing the most comprehensive and scholarly overview of the theme yet published.” —Peter Marshall, Times Literary Supplement

Interview with an Exorcist

Author : Fr. José Antonio Fortea
Publisher : Ascension Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Interview with an Exorcist by : Fr. José Antonio Fortea

Download or read book Interview with an Exorcist written by Fr. José Antonio Fortea and published by Ascension Press. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today’s culture of scientific enlightenment, many consider belief in demonic possession and exorcism to be superstitious remnants of the Dark Ages. Even many Christians, contrary to the clear words of Jesus in the Gospel, scoff at the notion that the Devil and demons really exist. Is demonic possession real? Are believers really in any danger from Satan and his crafty minions? What is the truth about exorcism? In this captivating book, you will find answers to these questions and many more. Written by one of the Church’s foremost experts on the topic, Interview with an Exorcist is based on Fr. Jose Antonio Fortea’s years of working as an exorcist, his extensive investigations of cases of suspected possessions, and his attendance at hundreds of exorcisms. You will learn: ● What really happens at an exorcism. ● The signs that show when possession is present. ● Why the number of possessions has been increasing in recent times. ● Why the permission of the local bishop is required for an exorcism to occur. ● Why some within the Church disparage this essential apostolic ministryAnd much more. ● The difference between demonic possession, obsession, and infestation. ● How to tell the difference between psychological problems and demonic influence. ● Why consulting mediums, dabbling in witchcraft, or having recourse to other occult practices is an open invitation to demonic spirits.

An Exorcist Tells His Story

Author : Gabriele Amorth
Publisher : Ignatius Press
ISBN 13 : 1681496690
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (814 download)

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Book Synopsis An Exorcist Tells His Story by : Gabriele Amorth

Download or read book An Exorcist Tells His Story written by Gabriele Amorth and published by Ignatius Press. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this powerful book, the renowned exorcist of Rome tells of his many experiences in his ministry as an exorcist doing battle with Satan to relieve the great suffering of people in the grip of evil. The importance of the ministry to expel demons is clearly seen in the Gospels, from the actions of the Apostles, and from Church history. Fr. Amorth allows the reader to witness the activities of the exorcist, to experience what an exorcist sees and does. He also reveals how little modern science, psychology, and medicine can do to help those under Satan's influence, and that only the power of Christ can release them from this kind of mental, spiritual or physical suffering. An Exorcist Tells His Story has been a European best-seller that has gone through numerous printings and editions. No other book today so thoroughly and concisely discusses the topic of exorcism.

American Exorcism

Author : Michael W. Cuneo
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0767911415
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (679 download)

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Book Synopsis American Exorcism by : Michael W. Cuneo

Download or read book American Exorcism written by Michael W. Cuneo and published by Crown. This book was released on 2002-10-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guided tour through the burgeoning business of exorcism and the darker side of American life. There is no other religious ritual more fascinating, or more disturbing, than exorcism. This is particularly true in America today, where the ancient rite has a surprisingly strong hold on our imagination, and on our popular entertainment industry. We’ve all heard of exorcism, seen the movies and read the books, but few of us have ever experienced it firsthand. Conducted by exorcists officially appointed by Catholic archdioceses and by maverick priests sidestepping Church sanctions, by evangelical ministers and Episcopal charismatics, exorcism is alive and well in the new millennium. Oprah, Diane Sawyer, and Barbara Walters have featured exorcists on their shows. The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Time, and other publications have charted the proliferation of exorcisms across the United States. Last year, the Archdiocese of Chicago appointed its first full-time exorcist in its 160-year history; in New York, four priests have officially investigated about forty cases of suspected possession every year since 1995. American Exorcism is an inside look at this burgeoning phenomenon, written with objectivity, insight, and just the right touch of irony. Michael W. Cuneo attended more than fifty exorcisms and interviewed many of the participants–both the exorcists who performed the rituals and the people from all walks of life who believed they were possessed by the devil. He brings vividly to life the ceremonies themselves, conjuring up memories of Linda Blair’s astonishing performance in the 1973 movie The Exorcist and other bizarre (and sometimes stomach-churning) images. Cuneo dissects, as well, the arguments of such well-known exorcism advocates as Malachi Martin, author of the controversial Hostage to the Devil, self-help guru M. Scott Peck, and self-professed demonologists Ed and Lorraine Warren of Amityville Horror fame. As he explores this netherworld of American life, Cuneo reflects on the meaning of exorcism in the twenty-first century and on the relationship between religious ritual and popular culture. Touching on such provocative topics as the “satanic panics” of the 1980s, repressed memory, and ritual abuse, American Exorcism is a remarkably revealing, consistently entertaining work of cultural commentary.

Catechism of the Catholic Church

Author : U.S. Catholic Church
Publisher : Image
ISBN 13 : 030795370X
Total Pages : 849 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Catechism of the Catholic Church by : U.S. Catholic Church

Download or read book Catechism of the Catholic Church written by U.S. Catholic Church and published by Image. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 3 million copies sold! Essential reading for Catholics of all walks of life. Here it is - the first new Catechism of the Catholic Church in more than 400 years, a complete summary of what Catholics around the world commonly believe. The Catechism draws on the Bible, the Mass, the Sacraments, Church tradition and teaching, and the lives of saints. It comes with a complete index, footnotes and cross-references for a fuller understanding of every subject. The word catechism means "instruction" - this book will serve as the standard for all future catechisms. Using the tradition of explaining what the Church believes (the Creed), what she celebrates (the Sacraments), what she lives (the Commandments), and what she prays (the Lord's Prayer), the Catechism of the Catholic Church offers challenges for believers and answers for all those interested in learning about the mystery of the Catholic faith. The Catechism of the Catholic Church is a positive, coherent and contemporary map for our spiritual journey toward transformation.

The Rite of Exorcism the Roman Ritual

Author : Michael Freze
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781530812820
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rite of Exorcism the Roman Ritual by : Michael Freze

Download or read book The Rite of Exorcism the Roman Ritual written by Michael Freze and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-03-29 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Roman Rite of Exorcism (Rituale Romanum). An updated, scholarly treatment of the Rite of Exorcism from a Catholic perspective. Includes simple deliverance prayers from evil spirits. Extensive background on the history of the Rite, current rules and procedures, and traditional prayers of exorcism and deliverance. Written by Michael Freze, S.F.O., Catholic scholar and world recognized expert on demonology. The author has published a 12-book series on demonology, providing an important work in the field of demonology and the study of possession and exorcism. Destined to become a classic among the Catholic books of our era. A recent endorsement: "I have to say that of the many books I have read (having multiple degrees in theology -including my Doctorate from Columbia University) your "They Bore the Wounds of Christ: The Mystery of the Sacred Stigmata..." is one of my all time favorites. In fact not only do I continue to refer to it, but there are certain passages that you explain that could only be attributable to infused divine inspiration. Please continue to write ... Peace, Deacon Mike Vicinanza" (April 17, 2016).

The Penguin Book of Exorcisms

Author : Joseph P. Laycock
Publisher : National Geographic Books
ISBN 13 : 0143135473
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis The Penguin Book of Exorcisms by : Joseph P. Laycock

Download or read book The Penguin Book of Exorcisms written by Joseph P. Laycock and published by National Geographic Books. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Haunting accounts of real-life exorcisms through the centuries and around the world, from ancient Egypt and the biblical Middle East to colonial America and twentieth-century South Africa A Penguin Classic Levitation. Feats of superhuman strength. Speaking in tongues. A hateful, glowing stare. The signs of spirit possession have been documented for thousands of years and across religions and cultures, even into our time: In 2019 the Vatican convened 250 priests from 50 countries for a weeklong seminar on exorcism. The Penguin Book of Exorcisms brings together the most astonishing accounts: Saint Anthony set upon by demons in the form of a lion, a bull, and a panther, who are no match for his devotion and prayer; the Prophet Muhammad casting an enemy of God out of a young boy; fox spirits in medieval China and Japan; a headless bear assaulting a woman in sixteenth-century England; the possession in the French town of Loudun of an entire convent of Ursuline nuns; a Zulu woman who floated to a height of five feet almost daily; a previously unpublished account of an exorcism in Earling, Iowa, in 1928--an important inspiration for the movie The Exorcist; poltergeist activity at a home in Maryland in 1949--the basis for William Peter Blatty's novel The Exorcist; a Filipina girl "bitten by devils"; and a rare example of a priest's letter requesting permission of a bishop to perform an exorcism--after witnessing a boy walk backward up a wall. Fifty-seven percent of Americans profess to believe in demonic possession; after reading this book, you may too. For more than seventy-five years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 2,000 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.

The Vatican's Exorcists

Author : Tracy Wilkinson
Publisher : Warner Books (NY)
ISBN 13 : 9780446586917
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (869 download)

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Book Synopsis The Vatican's Exorcists by : Tracy Wilkinson

Download or read book The Vatican's Exorcists written by Tracy Wilkinson and published by Warner Books (NY). This book was released on 2014-07-02 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An award-winning reporter for the "Los Angeles Times" reveals the fascinatingand often terrifying practice of driving out demons and battling Satanic evilas it's practiced today by the Vatican's Office of Exorcism.

An Exorcist

Author : Gabriele Amorth
Publisher : Ignatius Press
ISBN 13 : 1681496704
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (814 download)

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Book Synopsis An Exorcist by : Gabriele Amorth

Download or read book An Exorcist written by Gabriele Amorth and published by Ignatius Press. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following up his international best- selling book, An Exorcist Tells His Story, Fr. Gabriele Amorth, the renowned chief exorcist of Rome, expands on some of the key topics of his previous book, covering important details about demonic or occult issues. He uses concrete examples from his own experiences and those of other exorcists to illustrate and substantiate his points. Since satanic sects, occultism, s?ances, fortune-tellers and astrologers are so widespread today, Father Amorth asks the question why is it so difficult today to find an exorcist, or a priest who is an expert in this field? The example and the teaching of Christ is very clear, as is the tradition of the Church. But today's Catholics are often misinformed. Exorcisms are reserved for appointed priests, while all believers can make prayers of liberation. What is the difference? What norms must be followed? What problems are still open and unresolved in this field? The new book by Father Amorth answers these and many other questions, supporting his discourse with a rich exposition of recent facts. A valuable, practical and instructive manual for priests and lay people, on how to help many who are suffering.

Believe Not Every Spirit

Author : Moshe Sluhovsky
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226762955
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Believe Not Every Spirit by : Moshe Sluhovsky

Download or read book Believe Not Every Spirit written by Moshe Sluhovsky and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-11-15 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1400 through 1700, the number of reports of demonic possessions among European women was extraordinarily high. During the same period, a new type of mysticism—popular with women—emerged that greatly affected the risk of possession and, as a result, the practice of exorcism. Many feared that in moments of rapture, women, who had surrendered their souls to divine love, were not experiencing the work of angels, but rather the ravages of demons in disguise. So how then, asks Moshe Sluhovsky, were practitioners of exorcism to distinguish demonic from divine possessions? Drawing on unexplored accounts of mystical schools and spiritual techniques, testimonies of the possessed, and exorcism manuals, Believe Not Every Spirit examines how early modern Europeans dealt with this dilemma. The personal experiences of practitioners, Sluhovsky shows, trumped theological knowledge. Worried that this could lead to a rejection of Catholic rituals, the church reshaped the meaning and practices of exorcism, transforming this healing rite into a means of spiritual interrogation. In its efforts to distinguish between good and evil, the church developed important new explanatory frameworks for the relations between body and soul, interiority and exteriority, and the natural and supernatural.