A History Of Digital Currency In The United States

Download A History Of Digital Currency In The United States full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online A History Of Digital Currency In The United States ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

A History of Digital Currency in the United States

Author : P. Carl Mullan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137568704
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A History of Digital Currency in the United States by : P. Carl Mullan

Download or read book A History of Digital Currency in the United States written by P. Carl Mullan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents detailed case studies of the first commercial internet digital currency systems developed between 1996 and 2004. Transactions completed with the new technology circumvented all US financial regulations, an opening that transnational criminals exploited. Mullan explains how an entire industry of companies, agents, and participants turned a blind eye to crimes being committed in this unsupervised environment. He then tracks the subsequent changes made to US regulations that now prevent such unlicensed activity, illustrating the importance of supervising products and industries that arise from new disruptive technology. This book distills hundreds of hours of interviews with the creators and operators of early digital currency businesses to create detailed case studies of their practices.

The Future of Money

Author : Eswar S. Prasad
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674258444
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Future of Money by : Eswar S. Prasad

Download or read book The Future of Money written by Eswar S. Prasad and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cutting-edge look at how accelerating financial change, from the end of cash to the rise of cryptocurrencies, will transform economies for better and worse. We think weÕve seen financial innovation. We bank from laptops and buy coffee with the wave of a phone. But these are minor miracles compared with the dizzying experiments now underway around the globe, as businesses and governments alike embrace the possibilities of new financial technologies. As Eswar Prasad explains, the world of finance is at the threshold of major disruption that will affect corporations, bankers, states, and indeed all of us. The transformation of money will fundamentally rewrite how ordinary people live. Above all, Prasad foresees the end of physical cash. The driving force wonÕt be phones or credit cards but rather central banks, spurred by the emergence of cryptocurrencies to develop their own, more stable digital currencies. Meanwhile, cryptocurrencies themselves will evolve unpredictably as global corporations like Facebook and Amazon join the game. The changes will be accompanied by snowballing innovations that are reshaping finance and have already begun to revolutionize how we invest, trade, insure, and manage risk. Prasad shows how these and other changes will redefine the very concept of money, unbundling its traditional functions as a unit of account, medium of exchange, and store of value. The promise lies in greater efficiency and flexibility, increased sensitivity to the needs of diverse consumers, and improved market access for the unbanked. The risk is instability, lack of accountability, and erosion of privacy. A lucid, visionary work, The Future of Money shows how to maximize the best and guard against the worst of what is to come.

The Rise of Digital Money

Author : Mr.Tobias Adrian
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498324908
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Rise of Digital Money by : Mr.Tobias Adrian

Download or read book The Rise of Digital Money written by Mr.Tobias Adrian and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper marks the launch of a new IMF series, Fintech Notes. Building on years of IMF staff work, it will explore pressing topics in the digital economy and be issued periodically. The series will carry work by IMF staff and will seek to provide insight into the intersection of technology and the global economy. The Rise of Digital Money analyses how technology companies are stepping up competition to large banks and credit card companies. Digital forms of money are increasingly in the wallets of consumers as well as in the minds of policymakers. Cash and bank deposits are battling with so-called e-money, electronically stored monetary value denominated in, and pegged to, a currency like the euro or the dollar. This paper identifies the benefits and risks and highlights regulatory issues that are likely to emerge with a broader adoption of stablecoins. The paper also highlights the risks associated with e-money: potential creation of new monopolies; threats to weaker currencies; concerns about consumer protection and financial stability; and the risk of fostering illegal activities, among others.

Digital Cash

Author : Finn Brunton
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691209162
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Digital Cash by : Finn Brunton

Download or read book Digital Cash written by Finn Brunton and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fascinating untold story of digital cash and its creators—from experiments in the 1970s to the mania over Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies Bitcoin may appear to be a revolutionary form of digital cash without precedent or prehistory. In fact, it is only the best-known recent experiment in a long line of similar efforts going back to the 1970s. But the story behind cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and its blockchain technology has largely been untold—until now. In Digital Cash, Finn Brunton reveals how technological utopians and political radicals created experimental money to bring about their visions of the future: to protect privacy, bring down governments, prepare for apocalypse, or launch a civilization of innovation and abundance that would make its creators immortal. Filled with marvelous characters, stories, and ideas, Digital Cash is an engaging and accessible account of the strange origins and remarkable technologies behind today's cryptocurrency explosion.

A History of Currency in the United States

Author : Alonzo Barton Hepburn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (334 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A History of Currency in the United States by : Alonzo Barton Hepburn

Download or read book A History of Currency in the United States written by Alonzo Barton Hepburn and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Virtual Currencies and Beyond

Author : Mr.Dong He
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498321305
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Virtual Currencies and Beyond by : Mr.Dong He

Download or read book Virtual Currencies and Beyond written by Mr.Dong He and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-01-20 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New technologies are driving transformational changes in the global financial system. Virtual currencies (VCs) and the underlying distributed ledger systems are among these. VCs offer many potential benefits, but also considerable risks. VCs could raise efficiency and in the long run strengthen financial inclusion. At the same time, VCs could be potential vehicles for money laundering, terrorist financing, tax evasion and fraud. While risks to the conduct of monetary policy seem less likely to arise at this stage given the very small scale of VCs, risks to financial stability may eventually emerge as the new technologies become more widely used. National authorities have begun to address these challenges and will need to calibrate regulation in a manner that appropriately addresses the risks without stifling innovation. As experience is gained, international standards and best practices could be considered to provide guidance on the most appropriate regulatory responses in different fields, thereby promoting harmonization and cooperation across jurisdictions.

The Cryptocurrency Phenomenon

Author : Gianni Nicolini
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000923843
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Cryptocurrency Phenomenon by : Gianni Nicolini

Download or read book The Cryptocurrency Phenomenon written by Gianni Nicolini and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-08-16 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the cryptocurrency phenomenon from a financial/monetary point of view. It offers a unique slant in at least two ways, with the financial perspective as the reference point. An examination of the technicalities surrounding blockchain and the mining of cryptocurrencies is included, but the reading is oriented to those who seek to better understand how these technical issues help to explain the functioning and the potential of cryptocurrencies, without touching on coding aspects. Moreover, the book addresses cryptocurrencies as an evolution of the concept of money, and it frames the analysis to give readers all the knowledge needed to connect the cryptocurrency phenomenon with traditional monetary theories. In so doing, cryptocurrencies are not considered as a completely disconnected trend, set apart from traditional financial systems, but as innovations that will push the concept of money forward, without dismantling previous foundations. The book also includes a discussion on central banks, and stresses how their initial diffidence toward cryptocurrencies has turned into a more active approach that includes projects to develop the so-called Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), thereby completing the analysis of the state of the art of the cryptocurrency surge. The mix of theoretical content on the concept of money, the description of payment tools and the functioning of the payment industry, and the analysis of blockchain and the cryptocurrency markets makes the book interesting reading for researchers, scholars and students of economics, finance, or business, enabling them to develop the ability to understand the dynamics of the cryptocurrency phenomenon and its possible evolution.

CryptoDad

Author : J. Christopher Giancarlo
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111985508X
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis CryptoDad by : J. Christopher Giancarlo

Download or read book CryptoDad written by J. Christopher Giancarlo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insider's account of the rise of digital money and cryptocurrencies Dubbed "CryptoDad" for his impassioned plea to Congress to acknowledge and respect cryptocurrencies as the inevitable product of a fast-growing technological wave and a free marketplace, Chris Giancarlo is considered one of "the most influential individuals in financial regulation." CryptoDad: The Fight for the Future of Money describes Giancarlo’s own reckoning with the future of the global economy—at the intersection of markets, technology, and public policy—and lays out the fight for a Digital Dollar. CryptoDad is Giancarlo's own personal story, detailing his forays into the world of Wall Street to his tenure as the 13th Chairman of the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), where he pushed for the agency to recognize the digitization of markets. His growing fame as a Twitter presence in this essential debate has given Giancarlo a platform to makes a case for the future of cryptocurrencies as the natural successor to America’s current failing financial market infrastructure. CryptoDad provides readers with: A thorough exploration of digital change and how it affects the lives of everyone in a global economy A revolutionary consideration of regulatory responses to the rapid pace of technological innovation A call to update our aging financial organizations, particularly the infrastructure of money itself, and focus on renewed faith and confidence in free market innovation A foreword by Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, two of the biggest names in cryptocurrencies CryptoDad argues that the next digital wave will be the coming Internet of Value, where cryptocurrencies will do the Internet of Information did to immaterial things: make them accessible, distributable, and movable instantly across the globe. This book is an ideal introduction to the importance of technology in the marketplace.

A History of Currency in the United States, with a Brief Description of the Currency Systems of All Commercial Nations

Author : Alonzo Barton Hepburn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A History of Currency in the United States, with a Brief Description of the Currency Systems of All Commercial Nations by : Alonzo Barton Hepburn

Download or read book A History of Currency in the United States, with a Brief Description of the Currency Systems of All Commercial Nations written by Alonzo Barton Hepburn and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cryptocurrencies

Author : Mark Grabowski
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429510144
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cryptocurrencies by : Mark Grabowski

Download or read book Cryptocurrencies written by Mark Grabowski and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Already in just a decade of existence, cryptocurrencies have been the world’s best-performing financial asset, outperforming stocks, bonds, commodities and currencies. This comprehensive yet concise book will enable the reader to learn about the nuts and bolts of cryptocurrencies, including their history, technology, regulations and economics. Additionally, this book teaches sound investment strategies that already work along with the spectrum of risks and returns. This book provides a plain-language primer for beginners worldwide on how to confidently navigate the rapidly evolving world of cryptocurrencies. Beginning by cutting to the chase, the author lists the common burning questions about cryptocurrency and provides succinct answers. Next, he gives an overview of cryptocurrency’s underlying technology: blockchain. He then explores the history of cryptocurrency and why it’s attracted so much attention. With that foundation, readers will be ready to understand how to invest in cryptocurrency: how cryptocurrency differs from traditional investments such as stocks, how to decide which cryptocurrency to invest in, how to acquire it, how to send and receive it, along with investment strategies. Additionally, legal issues, social implications, cybersecurity risks and the vocabulary of cryptocurrency are also covered, including Bitcoin and the many alternative cryptocurrencies. Written by a journalist-turned-professor, this book’s appeal lies in its succinct, informative and easy-to-understand style. It will be of great interest to anyone looking to further their understanding of what cryptocurrency is, why it’s a big deal, how to acquire it, how to send and receive it, and investment strategies.

Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy

Author : Avi Goldfarb
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022620684X
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy by : Avi Goldfarb

Download or read book Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy written by Avi Goldfarb and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a small and growing literature that explores the impact of digitization in a variety of contexts, but its economic consequences, surprisingly, remain poorly understood. This volume aims to set the agenda for research in the economics of digitization, with each chapter identifying a promising area of research. "Economics of Digitization "identifies urgent topics with research already underway that warrant further exploration from economists. In addition to the growing importance of digitization itself, digital technologies have some features that suggest that many well-studied economic models may not apply and, indeed, so many aspects of the digital economy throw normal economics in a loop. "Economics of Digitization" will be one of the first to focus on the economic implications of digitization and to bring together leading scholars in the economics of digitization to explore emerging research.

The Rise of Public and Private Digital Money

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513592033
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Rise of Public and Private Digital Money by : International Monetary Fund

Download or read book The Rise of Public and Private Digital Money written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-29 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the companion paper on the new policy challenges related to the adoption of digital forms of money, this paper presents an operational strategy for the IMF to continue delivering on its mandate of ensuring domestic and international financial and economic stability. The paper begins by summarizing the forces driving the adoption of digital forms of money, and the new policy questions that emerge. It then focusses on how the IMF’s core activities and output will need to evolve, including surveillance, capacity development, and analytical foundations. It ends by discusses how the IMF intends to partner with other organization, and to grow and structure internal resources to fulfill this vision.

Digital Gold

Author : Nathaniel Popper
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0062572067
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Digital Gold by : Nathaniel Popper

Download or read book Digital Gold written by Nathaniel Popper and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2016-05-17 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York Times Book Review Editor’s Choice SHORTLISTED FOR THE 2015 FINANCIAL TIMES AND MCKINSEY BUSINESS BOOK OF THE YEAR A New York Times technology and business reporter charts the dramatic rise of Bitcoin and the fascinating personalities who are striving to create a new global money for the Internet age. Digital Gold is New York Times reporter Nathaniel Popper’s brilliant and engrossing history of Bitcoin, the landmark digital money and financial technology that has spawned a global social movement. The notion of a new currency, maintained by the computers of users around the world, has been the butt of many jokes, but that has not stopped it from growing into a technology worth billions of dollars, supported by the hordes of followers who have come to view it as the most important new idea since the creation of the Internet. Believers from Beijing to Buenos Aires see the potential for a financial system free from banks and governments. More than just a tech industry fad, Bitcoin has threatened to decentralize some of society’s most basic institutions. An unusual tale of group invention, Digital Gold charts the rise of the Bitcoin technology through the eyes of the movement’s colorful central characters, including an Argentinian millionaire, a Chinese entrepreneur, Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss, and Bitcoin’s elusive creator, Satoshi Nakamoto. Already, Bitcoin has led to untold riches for some, and prison terms for others.

Central Bank Digital Currency and Fintech in Asia

Author : Marlene Amstad
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 9784899742135
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Central Bank Digital Currency and Fintech in Asia by : Marlene Amstad

Download or read book Central Bank Digital Currency and Fintech in Asia written by Marlene Amstad and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough introduction and historical overview of the principles and practices of digital currency and fintech in Asia. It covers the theory of central bank digital currency and examines regulatory aspects, economic digitalization, financial inclusion, and the role of SMEs. Selected case studies offer in-depth insights into recent fintech developments in major economies, including Australia; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; the People's Republic of China; the Republic of Korea; and Thailand. The book also makes a valuable supplement for introductory courses on finance, governance, and economics, as it appeals to a broad range of readers, including university students, academics, finance practitioners, and policy makers.

Beyond Blockchain

Author : Erik Townsend
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781729177280
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (772 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Beyond Blockchain by : Erik Townsend

Download or read book Beyond Blockchain written by Erik Townsend and published by . This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cryptocurrency trend of the past few years has continued to grow despite widespread predictions that it would just be a flash in the pan. Blockchain is suddenly everyone's favorite buzzword. But what if there's more to this story than meets the eye? What if Digital Currency is about to change the world in ways beyond our imagination? And what if geopolitical forces our politicians don't even understand have already inspired China and Russia to use Digital Currency to attack the U.S. Dollar's dominance over the global financial system?The Dollar has served as the world's reserve currency since 1944, and the fringe benefits have allowed the U.S. Government to borrow and spend beyond its means and run massive trade deficits for decades. Now China and Russia suddenly have a new lever to use which could upset the global balance of power. Who would have guessed that technology breakthroughs conceived by the inventors of cryptocurrency would hand China and Russia just the weapon they needed to attack the Dollar's rule over the global economy? The invention of digital cash enables government-issued digital currency systems that could completely modernize the global monetary system. The potential benefits to society are so great that it's hard to grasp their full magnitude. But a digital currency system introduced by China and Russia could upstage the Dollar and replace it as global reserve currency, causing devastating consequences for the U.S. economy. Which country wins the new digital currency Space Race could change the course of human history.There's plenty of evidence that China and Russia are already hard at work. The Chinese central bank is aggressively hiring Blockchain engineers, but has been suspiciously quiet about what they're working on. Sergei Glaziev, economic advisor to Russian President Vladimir Putin is giving keynote speeches to Blockchain conferences. The Chinese central bank filed more digital currency patents than anyone else in 2017. This book explains why China and Russia are suddenly so interested in Digital Currency technology, and more importantly, what they plan to do with it. Time is short for the U.S. Government to wake up and recognize the threat that now looms over the U.S. Dollar's dominance at the center of the global financial system, and why Digital Currency technology is likely to be the challengers' weapon of choice to defeat the Dollar.Author Erik Townsend is uniquely qualified to sort this puzzle out and tell the entire fascinating story. In his first career, Townsend was a distributed systems architect - an expert in all the technologies used to create cryptocurrencies. In his second career, he was a hedge fund manager who studied reserve currency status extensively. Townsend first gives readers an introduction to both conventional money and digital currency, then gives a detailed introduction to relevant monetary history subjects, and finally ties it all together and explains how a state-sponsored digital currency system could steal the title of global reserve currency from the U.S. Dollar and change the balance of world power.

Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies

Author : Arvind Narayanan
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400884152
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies by : Arvind Narayanan

Download or read book Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies written by Arvind Narayanan and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-19 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative introduction to the exciting new technologies of digital money Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies provides a comprehensive introduction to the revolutionary yet often misunderstood new technologies of digital currency. Whether you are a student, software developer, tech entrepreneur, or researcher in computer science, this authoritative and self-contained book tells you everything you need to know about the new global money for the Internet age. How do Bitcoin and its block chain actually work? How secure are your bitcoins? How anonymous are their users? Can cryptocurrencies be regulated? These are some of the many questions this book answers. It begins by tracing the history and development of Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies, and then gives the conceptual and practical foundations you need to engineer secure software that interacts with the Bitcoin network as well as to integrate ideas from Bitcoin into your own projects. Topics include decentralization, mining, the politics of Bitcoin, altcoins and the cryptocurrency ecosystem, the future of Bitcoin, and more. An essential introduction to the new technologies of digital currency Covers the history and mechanics of Bitcoin and the block chain, security, decentralization, anonymity, politics and regulation, altcoins, and much more Features an accompanying website that includes instructional videos for each chapter, homework problems, programming assignments, and lecture slides Also suitable for use with the authors' Coursera online course Electronic solutions manual (available only to professors)

The Bitcoin Big Bang

Author : Brian Kelly
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118963660
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Bitcoin Big Bang by : Brian Kelly

Download or read book The Bitcoin Big Bang written by Brian Kelly and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a handle on the digital currency revolution, and learn how to get on board The Bitcoin Big Bang is a guide to navigating the uncharted territory of digital currency. Written by CNBC contributor Brian Kelly, this book goes beyond Bitcoin 101 to explain how this transformative technology is about to change the world. Digital currency is thrown into perspective against the history of payment systems and its own evolution, as readers are invited to explore the ways in which this technology is already changing the way business gets done. Readers gain insight into the mechanisms behind Bitcoin, and an expert perspective on digital currency's effect on the future of money and the economic implications of the Bitcoin revolution. In the same way that e-mail changed the way we transfer information, the decentralized Bitcoin network is about to revolutionize the business world, the legal profession, and even the role of the government. The Bitcoin Big Bang dives head first into this paradigm shift, allowing readers to: Explore the origins of digital currency Learn the history and evolution of payment systems Discover how the Bitcoin network is facilitating free and instant transfer of value Understand the mining of Bitcoin, and how to invest The digital currency revolution has implications that spread far beyond the finance industry. Anyone who exchanges payment for goods and services is on the cusp of the next big push in societal evolution, and only an understanding of the technology and a clear knowledge of the systems and behaviors at play can fully prepare us for the changes to come. The Bitcoin Big Bang is the go-to guide, helping those who use money use it better.