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A Distributed Modeling Approach For Evaluating Hydrological Effects Of Rain Gardens In Urban Watersheds
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Book Synopsis A Distributed Modeling Approach for Evaluating Hydrological Effects of Rain Gardens in Urban Watersheds by : Waleska Echevarria
Download or read book A Distributed Modeling Approach for Evaluating Hydrological Effects of Rain Gardens in Urban Watersheds written by Waleska Echevarria and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) are sustainable stormwater management practices used to mitigate the effects of urbanization such as excess runoff and water quality issues. Implementation of BMPs and LID have been limited and sometimes restricted because of the lack of recognized methodologies to estimate their hydrologic effects in urban watersheds under a continuous rainfall period. It is expected that rain gardens will have a significant effect in the reduction of peak discharge and volume for a range of different storms magnitudes including less frequent events. Rain gardens are small depressions covered by native vegetation, which receive the runoff coming from impervious areas. These practices are part of the sustainable LID and BMPs approach with the goal of reducing runoff coming from urban areas, promoting evapotranspiration and restoring some of the infiltration capability of the predevelopment site. These distributed stormwater management practices modifies the urban watershed0́9s hydrologic response by varying the size and quantity of these distributed stormwater practices. Hydrologic processes of BMPs can be complex and non linear. Uncertainty could arise when commonly simplified models are use to simulates the effects of BMPs on the hydrologic response of the watershed. This research used a methodology developed to understand the hydrologic effects of rain gardens at different quantities distributed in an urban watershed for a continuous rainfall period. The methodology used in this research tries to improve the estimation of hydrologic process of rain gardens by using a physically distributed model, Mike SHE. Mike SHE, distributed by DHI, Inc. is a fully distributed model that is able to estimate a range of hydrological processes occurring in a rain garden. This model provides an improvement over simplified models, which cannot estimates relevant hydrologic processes. The Mike SHE model simulates evapotranspiration, subsurface flow and overland flow by coupling a finite difference method in two dimensions and the Richard0́9s equation for the unsaturated zone calculations. As part of the methodology used in this research, two rain garden scenarios with different quantities of rain gardens simulated are implemented in an urban watershed. Data from rain garden sites monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center were used to build and calibrate single rain garden models. The calibrated rain gardens were incorporated to an urban watershed with an area of 13 acres and 86 houses. The urban watershed model was calibrated by using observed data monitored in the 1960s without rain gardens. Rain garden scenarios were simulated under a continuous rainfall period. Results from this research showed that simulated rain gardens are able to reduce the peak discharge and volume among different return periods. The reduction of peak discharge and volume increased when the quantity of rain gardens increased. The hydrologic effects of rain gardens decreased when the magnitude of the storm increased. The reduction of peak discharge and volume ranged from 5% to 80% depending on the magnitude of the storm. It was found that the antecedent moisture conditions of rain gardens affected their capacity for runoff retention. The results found in this research show that physically distributed models are able to estimate hydrologic effects of rain gardens inside urban watersheds. This modeling approach provides the flexibility to estimate hydrologic effects of different rain gardens layouts under continuous rainfall periods. This modeling approach could be used by engineers and planners to examine hydrologic effects in urban watershed for design purposes.
Book Synopsis Hydrologic Distributed Modeling Approach for Quantifying the Hydrologic Impacts of Rain Gardens in Urban Catchments by : Daniel R. Christensen
Download or read book Hydrologic Distributed Modeling Approach for Quantifying the Hydrologic Impacts of Rain Gardens in Urban Catchments written by Daniel R. Christensen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Watershed Hydrology by : Vijay P. Singh
Download or read book Watershed Hydrology written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mathematical Models of Large Watershed Hydrology by : Vijay P. Singh
Download or read book Mathematical Models of Large Watershed Hydrology written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Water Resources Publication. This book was released on 2002 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive account of some of the most popular models of large watershed hydrology ~~ of interest to all hydrologic modelers and model users and a welcome and timely edition to any modeling library
Book Synopsis Runoff Prediction in Ungauged Basins by : Günter Blöschl
Download or read book Runoff Prediction in Ungauged Basins written by Günter Blöschl and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predicting water runoff in ungauged water catchment areas is vital to practical applications such as the design of drainage infrastructure and flooding defences, runoff forecasting, and for catchment management tasks such as water allocation and climate impact analysis. This full colour book offers an impressive synthesis of decades of international research, forming a holistic approach to catchment hydrology and providing a one-stop resource for hydrologists in both developed and developing countries. Topics include data for runoff regionalisation, the prediction of runoff hydrographs, flow duration curves, flow paths and residence times, annual and seasonal runoff, and floods. Illustrated with many case studies and including a final chapter on recommendations for researchers and practitioners, this book is written by expert authors involved in the prestigious IAHS PUB initiative. It is a key resource for academic researchers and professionals in the fields of hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, soil science, and environmental and civil engineering.
Book Synopsis Operating at the Intersection of Social, Engineered, and Natural Systems : Assessing Hydrologic Impacts of Green Stormwater Infrastructure Based on Stated Rates of Adoption by : Stephanie Paige Arnold
Download or read book Operating at the Intersection of Social, Engineered, and Natural Systems : Assessing Hydrologic Impacts of Green Stormwater Infrastructure Based on Stated Rates of Adoption written by Stephanie Paige Arnold and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urbanization disrupts natural hydrologic processes, causing increased risks of flooding, higher runoff volumes, and reduced infiltration volumes, among other challenges. Implementing green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) can potentially mitigate such impacts. This study employs Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) to model subwatershed-scale impacts of installing residential-scale GSI--specifically rain gardens and cisterns. The Waller Creek watershed in Austin, Texas serves as a case study. The hydrologic modeling process traditionally examines the intersection of engineered and natural systems, but this study provides a novel modeling framework that considers the social system as well. Using survey responses from residents in the Waller Creek Watershed, percentages of residents who have or are willing to implement or expand capacity of rain gardens or cisterns were estimated. These stated rates of adoption were used to estimate the current and potential residential GSI in the watershed. Using a parent-child model calibration approach, a watershed-scale model of Waller Creek was used to calibrate a neighborhood-scale subcatchment of interest. The subcatchment was used to model a "pre-GSI" control scenario and four "post-GSI" scenarios that captured the varied levels of potential GSI adoption--15%-55% adoption across single family homes--based on survey results. Each scenario was modeled with 1-hour design storm sizes ranging from a less than 1-year return period (0.65") to a 25-year return period (3.58"). Analysis of simulated storm hydrographs and a Wilcoxon paired sign-rank test indicated that 24 out of 28 post-GSI scenarios showed a statistically significant decrease in peak discharge from the control. All post-GSI adoption scenarios led to reductions in both peak discharge and total runoff, ranging from 2.4% to 24.9% and from 1.3% to 16.3%, respectively, depending on storm size. This study provides local decision-makers with insight into the efficacy of residential-scale GSI in the Waller Creek Watershed
Book Synopsis The Economic Water Model - a Method and Software Program for Assessing the Impacts of Storm Water "green Solutions" in Urban Areas by : Christopher Green
Download or read book The Economic Water Model - a Method and Software Program for Assessing the Impacts of Storm Water "green Solutions" in Urban Areas written by Christopher Green and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new model is needed for storm water "green solutions" such as rain gardens, bioswales, and rain barrels. Estimating average annual runoff at the property level is essential to providing precise estimates on the effectiveness of stormwater "green solutions" like rain barrels and rain gardens. This information can also be used to implement a more accurate stormwater fee so municipalities can generate revenue to fund water infrastructure improvements, water conservation efforts, or storm water mitigation projects, while also providing a performance based rebate for those property owners who do install a storm water green solution. Rather than use modeling tools that utilize single design storms and runoff coefficients, site-specific GIS data can be input for a continuous runoff model whose focus is not conveyance but interception and infiltration. A distributed, deterministic Economic Water Model (EWM) method and modeling software was developed to estimate runoff using site-specific climate, soil, slope, and surface conditions extracted from GIS, weather station, and USDA soil data. Findings indicate that widespread implementation of rain barrels and rain gardens can have significant effects on urban runoff, especially in dense residential areas with small lot sizes. While this model also demonstrates that energy consumption is reduced at the municipal level through reduced combined sewer water treatment, the most significant water-related energy savings is from simple water-saving devices like low-flow faucet aerators. The results of this modeling can be used to implement and maintain more sustainable water infrastructure systems, economically and environmentally.
Book Synopsis Integrated Soil and Water Management: Selected Papers from 2016 International SWAT Conference by : Karim Abbaspour
Download or read book Integrated Soil and Water Management: Selected Papers from 2016 International SWAT Conference written by Karim Abbaspour and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Integrated Soil and Water Management: Selected Papers from 2016 International SWAT Conference" that was published in Water
Book Synopsis Hydrologic Analysis of Rain Garden Performance by : Yanan Ma
Download or read book Hydrologic Analysis of Rain Garden Performance written by Yanan Ma and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban flooding became a significant issue for many cities worldwide due to rapid urbanization and increased impervious areas over the past two decades ([1]). Rain gardens are considered to be an economically-friendly solution for addressing this extensive urban storm water problem. The Marlborough neighborhood, in an urban (and older) area of Kansas City, MO (USA) was selected as a large study area with dense rain garden construction opportunities and applicability. The City of Kansas City introduced the rain garden project into this neighborhood to see if the rain gardens could perform well in reducing inflow to the collection system, thus reducing combined sewer system and long-term performance of rain gardens. There are seven rain gardens (part of 135 rain gardens in this six block neighborhood) that were monitored by the UMKC research team. The monitoring data reveals that the seven rain gardens have different performance responses during the same rain event. There are many candidate factors which may affect rain gardens’ hydrological performance, such as watershed area, street slope, watershed slope, impervious area, precipitation depth, precipitation duration peak precipitation intensity, and antecedent dry day. There were a total 57 rain events that were captured capacity issues. Regular and ongoing system monitoring is needed to quantify design parameters between June 2012 and June 2014 for seven monitored locations. This study presents which factors are the most significant to affect the gardens’ hydrological performance for future design. Therefore, a data-driven PCA and MLR model was developed from this study. Internal and external data validation have been processed to assess this model. Future site monitoring and design recommendation have been identified. Rain gardens’ hydrology characteristics research has been done for many years by different research groups nationwide. However, few studies show the detailed rain garden performance characteristics based on actual and varying field data. Most studies are limited to short monitoring periods and/or only one or two rain gardens. This study results can validate rain gardens’ hydrology features. Thus, it can provide valuable support for future engineering site design guidance and new data analysis approach to research work based on more robust and extensive data.
Book Synopsis Urban Drainage Modeling by : Robert W. Brashear
Download or read book Urban Drainage Modeling written by Robert W. Brashear and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection contains 91 papers presented at a specialty symposium on urban drainage modeling at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, held in Orlando, Florida, May 20-24, 2001.
Book Synopsis Using Openhydroqual to Model a Rain Garden and Assess the Impact of Internal Water Storage on Hydrologic Function by : Qian Zhang
Download or read book Using Openhydroqual to Model a Rain Garden and Assess the Impact of Internal Water Storage on Hydrologic Function written by Qian Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rain gardens are a commonly used type of green stormwater infrastructure, implemented for managing stormwater quantity and quality. There is increasing interest in implementing a modification in rain gardens to create an internal water storage zone (IWS). While there is a growing body of work documenting IWS benefits on nitrogen removal, evidence of other benefits is less well documented. This study aims to investigate the influence of IWS on the hydrologic and hydraulic performance of rain gardens. The modeling tool OpenHydroQual is used to represent the rain garden system hydrology and hydraulics. The model is calibrated utilizing data collected from Penn State Intramural (IM) building rain garden. After modifying the calibrated model to represent a scenario with IWS added, results show that IWS has substantial influence on peak flow rate reduction and runoff volume. There is also a small amount of delay regarding peak flow timing. However, as IWS depths increase, the effect on peak flow reduction becomes less pronounced. In addition, evapotranspiration appears to be minimally sensitive to the introduction of IWS. Further research involving different datasets and software is recommended to provide more definitive conclusions, and to ensure that the best possible information is supporting regulatory recommendations for IWS implementation.
Book Synopsis Urban Stormwater Management in the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
Book Synopsis Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Water Management by : Junguo Liu
Download or read book Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Water Management written by Junguo Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-23 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water plays an essential role in the development and functioning of a city, but could also be a key risk factor for urban pluvial flooding, which may occur more frequently in the context of future climate change. The traditional means of flood risk management relied heavily on engineering measures, or the use of “gray” infrastructure. Recently, there has been a call to integrate nature-based solutions (NBS), which make use of natural processes and ecosystem services, with conventional engineering approaches. NBS infrastructures and designs pay great attention to ecosystem services considerations in assessing their induced hydrological processes, as well as in managing the stormwater and mitigating urban flood and droughts. Nevertheless, compared with grey infrastructure, larger space could be demanded for NBS, while the buffer effect for NBS in extremes events is still uncertain for evaluation.
Book Synopsis Rain Garden Design and Function by : Michael Eric Dietz
Download or read book Rain Garden Design and Function written by Michael Eric Dietz and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrology and Global Environmental Change by : Nigel W. Arnell
Download or read book Hydrology and Global Environmental Change written by Nigel W. Arnell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrology and Global Environmental Change presents the hydrological contribution to, and consequences of, global environmental change. Assuming little or no prior knowledge on the part of the reader, the book looks at the main processes of global environmental change - global scale processes, large regional processes, repetitive processes - and how the hydrological cycle, processes and regimes impact on GEC and vice-versa.
Book Synopsis A Program in Urban Hydrology by : P. B. S. Sarma
Download or read book A Program in Urban Hydrology written by P. B. S. Sarma and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Program in Urban Hydrology, Part 2- an Evaluation of Rainfall - Runoff Models For Small Urbanized Watersheds and the Effect of Urbanization on Runoff by : Purdue University. Water Resources Research Center
Download or read book Program in Urban Hydrology, Part 2- an Evaluation of Rainfall - Runoff Models For Small Urbanized Watersheds and the Effect of Urbanization on Runoff written by Purdue University. Water Resources Research Center and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
