Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
A Decommissioning Plan For The Heavy Water Components Test Reactor
Download A Decommissioning Plan For The Heavy Water Components Test Reactor full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online A Decommissioning Plan For The Heavy Water Components Test Reactor ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis A Decommissioning Plan for the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor by :
Download or read book A Decommissioning Plan for the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three alternatives to decommission the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor (HWCTR) have been analyzed as summarized in Table 1. The protective confinement approach is advantageous as long as current activities onsite limit access by the general public; excellent confinement of the residual activity is provided by in situ dry storage as the radiation from 6°Co diminishes. Entombment provides the most-secure confinement of the activity but at some increased cost. Dismantling HWCTR has no apparent advantages other than a demonstration at the Savannah River Plant site, because of the long-term commitment to safeguarding radioactive material; the relative cost is high. The induced radioactivity in HWCTR is current 2.3 x 104 Ci; general area radiation levels are typically 3 mR/hr. In 35 years, the decay of 6°Co will lower the radiation levels by a factor of 100, and the remaining radioactivity will be 2 x 103 Ci of 63Ni. Minimal offsite effects are calculated to result after postulated structural failures to the decommissioned HWCTR facility. Flexibility and aesthetics favor dismantlement, but these criteria are considered less significant than public radiation dose, cost, and land area committed.
Book Synopsis Decommissioning Plan for the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor by :
Download or read book Decommissioning Plan for the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heavy Water Components Test Reactor Decommissioning - Major Component Removal by :
Download or read book Heavy Water Components Test Reactor Decommissioning - Major Component Removal written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Heavy Water Components Test Reactor (HWCTR) facility (Figure 1) was built in 1961, operated from 1962 to 1964, and is located in the northwest quadrant of the Savannah River Site (SRS) approximately three miles from the site boundary. The HWCTR facility is on high, well-drained ground, about 30 meters above the water table. The HWCTR was a pressurized heavy water test reactor used to develop candidate fuel designs for heavy water power reactors. It was not a defense-related facility like the materials production reactors at SRS. The reactor was moderated with heavy water and was rated at 50 megawatts thermal power. In December of 1964, operations were terminated and the facility was placed in a standby condition as a result of the decision by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission to redirect research and development work on heavy water power reactors to reactors cooled with organic materials. For about one year, site personnel maintained the facility in a standby status, and then retired the reactor in place. In 1965, fuel assemblies were removed, systems that contained heavy water were drained, fluid piping systems were drained, deenergized and disconnected and the spent fuel basin was drained and dried. The doors of the reactor facility were shut and it wasn't until 10 years later that decommissioning plans were considered and ultimately postponed due to budget constraints. In the early 1990s, DOE began planning to decommission HWCTR again. Yet, in the face of new budget constraints, DOE deferred dismantlement and placed HWCTR in an extended surveillance and maintenance mode. The doors of the reactor facility were welded shut to protect workers and discourage intruders. The $1.6 billion allocation from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act to SRS for site clean up at SRS has opened the doors to the HWCTR again - this time for final decommissioning. During the lifetime of HWCTR, 36 different fuel assemblies were tested in the facility. Ten of these experienced cladding failures as operational capabilities of the different designs were being established. In addition, numerous spills of heavy water occurred within the facility. Currently, radiation and radioactive contamination levels are low within HWCTR with most of the radioactivity contained within the reactor vessel. There are no known insults to the environment, however with the increasing deterioration of the facility, the possibility exists that contamination could spread outside the facility if it is not decommissioned. An interior panoramic view of the ground floor elevation taken in August 2009 is shown in Figure 2. The foreground shows the transfer coffin followed by the reactor vessel and control rod drive platform in the center. Behind the reactor vessel is the fuel pool. Above the ground level are the polar crane and the emergency deluge tank at the top of the dome. Note the considerable rust and degradation of the components and the interior of the containment building. Alternative studies have concluded that the most environmentally safe, cost effective option for final decommissioning is to remove the reactor vessel, steam generators, and all equipment above grade including the dome. Characterization studies along with transport models have concluded that the remaining below grade equipment that is left in place including the transfer coffin will not contribute any significant contamination to the environment in the future. The below grade space will be grouted in place. A concrete cover will be placed over the remaining footprint and the groundwater will be monitored for an indefinite period to ensure compliance with environmental regulations. The schedule for completion of decommissioning is late FY2011. This paper describes the concepts planned in order to remove the major components including the dome, the reactor vessel (RV), the two steam generators (SG), and relocating the transfer coffin (TC).
Book Synopsis A Decommissioning Plan for the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor by : F. R. Field
Download or read book A Decommissioning Plan for the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor written by F. R. Field and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heavy Water Components Test Reactor Decommissioning by :
Download or read book Heavy Water Components Test Reactor Decommissioning written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Heavy Water Components Test Reactor (HWCTR) Decommissioning Project was initiated in 2009 as a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) Removal Action with funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). This paper summarizes the history prior to 2009, the major D & D activities, and final end state of the facility at completion of decommissioning in June 2011. The HWCTR facility was built in 1961, operated from 1962 to 1964, and is located in the northwest quadrant of the Savannah River Site (SRS) approximately three miles from the site boundary. The HWCTR was a pressurized heavy water test reactor used to develop candidate fuel designs for heavy water power reactors. In December of 1964, operations were terminated and the facility was placed in a standby condition as a result of the decision by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission to redirect research and development work on heavy water power reactors to reactors cooled with organic materials. For about one year, site personnel maintained the facility in a standby status, and then retired the reactor in place. In the early 1990s, DOE began planning to decommission HWCTR. Yet, in the face of new budget constraints, DOE deferred dismantlement and placed HWCTR in an extended surveillance and maintenance mode. The doors of the reactor facility were welded shut to protect workers and discourage intruders. In 2009 the $1.6 billion allocation from the ARRA to SRS for site footprint reduction at SRS reopened the doors to HWCTR - this time for final decommissioning. Alternative studies concluded that the most environmentally safe, cost effective option for final decommissioning was to remove the reactor vessel, both steam generators, and all equipment above grade including the dome. The transfer coffin, originally above grade, was to be placed in the cavity vacated by the reactor vessel and the remaining below grade spaces would be grouted. Once all above equipment including the dome was removed, a concrete cover was to be placed over the remaining footprint and the groundwater monitored for an indefinite period to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Removal Alternatives for the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor at the Savannah River Site by :
Download or read book Analysis of Removal Alternatives for the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor at the Savannah River Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This engineering study was developed to evaluate different options for decommissioning of the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor (HWCTR) at the Savannah River Site. This document will be placed in the DOE-SRS Area reading rooms for a period of 30 days in order to obtain public input to plans for the demolition of HWCTR.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Removal Alternatives for the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor at the Savannah River Site. Revision 1 by :
Download or read book Analysis of Removal Alternatives for the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor at the Savannah River Site. Revision 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This engineering study evaluates different alternatives for decontamination and decommissioning of the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor (HWCTR). Cooled and moderated with pressurized heavy water, this uranium-fueled nuclear reactor was designed to test fuel assemblies for heavy water power reactors. It was operated for this purpose from march of 1962 until December of 1964. Four alternatives studied in detail include: (1) dismantlement, in which all radioactive and hazardous contaminants would be removed, the containment dome dismantled and the property restored to a condition similar to its original preconstruction state; (2) partial dismantlement and interim safe storage, where radioactive equipment except for the reactor vessel and steam generators would be removed, along with hazardous materials, and the building sealed with remote monitoring equipment in place to permit limited inspections at five-year intervals; (3) conversion for beneficial reuse, in which most radioactive equipment and hazardous materials would be removed and the containment building converted to another use such as a storage facility for radioactive materials, and (4) entombment, which involves removing hazardous materials, filling the below-ground structure with concrete, removing the containment dome and pouring a concrete cap on the tomb. Also considered was safe storage, but this approach, which has, in effect, been followed for the past 30 years, did not warrant detailed evaluation. The four other alternatives were evaluate, taking into account factors such as potential effects on the environment, risks, effectiveness, ease of implementation and cost. The preferred alternative was determined to be dismantlement. This approach is recommended because it ranks highest in the comparative analysis, would serve as the best prototype for the site reactor decommissioning program and would be most compatible with site property reuse plans for the future.
Book Synopsis CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE REACTOR VESSEL OF THE HEAVY WATER COMPONENT TEST REACTOR. by :
Download or read book CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE REACTOR VESSEL OF THE HEAVY WATER COMPONENT TEST REACTOR. written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Heavy Water Component Test Reactor (HWCTR) facility is a pressurized heavy water reactor that was used to test candidate fuel designs for heavy water power reactors. The reactor operated at nominal power of 50 MW{sub th}. The reactor coolant loop operated at 1200 psig and 250 C. Two isolated test loop were designed into the reactor to provide special test conditions. Fig. 1 shows a cut-away view of the reactor. The two loops are contained in four inch diameter stainless steel piping. The HWCTR was operated for only a short duration, from March 1962 to December 1964 in order to test the viability of test fuel elements and other reactor components for use in a heavy water power reactor. The reactor achieved 13,882 MWd of total power while testing 36 different fuel assemblies. In the course of operation, HWCTR experienced the cladding failures of 10 separate test fuel assemblies. In each case, the cladding was breached with some release of fuel core material into the isolated test loop, causing fission product and actinide contamination in the main coolant loop and the liquid and boiling test loops. Despite the contribution of the contamination from the failed fuel, the primary source of radioactivity in the HWCTR vessel and internals is the activation products in the thermal shields, and to a lesser degree, activation products in the reactor vessel walls and liner. A detailed facility characterization report of the HWCTR facility was completed in 1996. Many of the inputs and assumptions in the 1996 characterization report were derived from the HWCTR decommissioning plan published in 1975. The current paper provides an updated assessment of the radioisotopic characteristics of the HWCTR vessel and internals to support decommissioning activities on the facility.
Book Synopsis Heavy Water Components Test Reactor by :
Download or read book Heavy Water Components Test Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Decommissioning Techniques for Research Reactors by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Decommissioning Techniques for Research Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first report published by the IAEA which provides guidance on the preparation and implementation of the decommissioning of different types of research reactor. Different construction and operational features of research reactors have a major impact on the decommissioning techniques required. This report offers information on the conclusions drawn from a number of completed projects and identifies their similarities and differences. It is complemented by a computerized research reactor databank. Staff requirements, decommissioning costs waste activity are presented graphically according to reactor thermal power and integrated energy.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Decommissioning by : Michele Laraia
Download or read book Nuclear Decommissioning written by Michele Laraia and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once a nuclear installation has reached the end of its safe and economical operational lifetime, the need for its decommissioning arises. Different strategies can be employed for nuclear decommissioning, based on the evaluation of particular hazards and their attendant risks, as well as on the analysis of costs of clean-up and waste management. This allows for decommissioning either soon after permanent shutdown, or perhaps a long time later, the latter course allowing for radioactivity levels to drop in any activated or contaminated components. It is crucial for clear processes and best practices to be applied in decommissioning such installations and sites, particular where any significant health and environmental risks exist. This book critically reviews the nuclear decommissioning processes and technologies applicable to nuclear power plants and other civilian nuclear facilities. Part one focuses on the fundamental planning issues in starting a nuclear decommissioning process, from principles and safety regulations, to financing and project management. Part two covers the execution phase of nuclear decommissioning projects, detailing processes and technologies such as dismantling, decontamination, and radioactive waste management, as well as environmental remediation, site clearance and reuse. Finally, part three details international experience in the decommissioning of nuclear applications, including the main nuclear reactor types and nuclear fuel cycle facilities, as well as small nuclear facilities and legacy nuclear waste sites. Critically reviews nuclear decommissioning processes and technologies applicable to nuclear power plants and other civilian nuclear facilities Discusses the fundamental planning issues in starting a nuclear decommissioning process Considers the execution phase of nuclear decommissioning projects, including dismantling, decontamination, and radioactive waste management, as well as environmental remediation, site clearance and reuse
Author :OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Publisher :Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre ISBN 13 : Total Pages :142 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities by : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
Download or read book Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre. This book was released on 1991 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heavy Water Test Reactor Dome Removal by :
Download or read book Heavy Water Test Reactor Dome Removal written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A high speed look at the removal of the Heavy Water Test Reactor Dome Removal. A project sponsored by the Recovery Act on the Savannah River Site.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Facility Decommissioning and Site Remedial Actions by :
Download or read book Nuclear Facility Decommissioning and Site Remedial Actions written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methodology and Technology of Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Methodology and Technology of Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by Bernan Press(PA). This book was released on 1986 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a review of the current state of the methodology and technology of decommissioning nuclear facilities including remote systems technology.
Book Synopsis The Heavy Water Components Test Reactor, HWCTR. by : E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company
Download or read book The Heavy Water Components Test Reactor, HWCTR. written by E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-03 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
