A Critical Pedagogy Of Place

Download A Critical Pedagogy Of Place full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online A Critical Pedagogy Of Place ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Critical Pedagogy in the Twenty-First Century

Author : Curry Malott
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1617353329
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (173 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Critical Pedagogy in the Twenty-First Century by : Curry Malott

Download or read book Critical Pedagogy in the Twenty-First Century written by Curry Malott and published by IAP. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book simultaneously provides multiple analyses of critical pedagogy in the twenty-first century while showcasing the scholarship of this new generation of critical scholar-educators. Needless to say, the writers herein represent just a small subset of a much larger movement for critical transformation and a more humane, less Eurocentric, less paternalistic, less homophobic, less patriarchical, less exploitative, and less violent world. This volume highlights the finding that rigorous critical pedagogical approaches to education, while still marginalized in many contexts, are being used in increasingly more classrooms for the benefit of student learning, contributing, however indirectly, to the larger struggle against the barbarism of industrial, neoliberal, militarized destructiveness. The challenge for critical pedagogy in the twenty-first century, from this point of view, includes contributing to the manifestation of a truly global critical pedagogy that is epistemologically democratic and against human suffering and capitalist exploitation. These rigorous, democratic, critical standards for measuring the value of our scholarship, including this volume of essays, should be the same that we use to critique and transform the larger society in which we live and work.

On Critical Pedagogy

Author : Henry A. Giroux
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1441116222
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (411 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis On Critical Pedagogy by : Henry A. Giroux

Download or read book On Critical Pedagogy written by Henry A. Giroux and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-06-16 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Becoming a Critical Educator

Author : Patricia H. Hinchey
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9780820461496
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Becoming a Critical Educator by : Patricia H. Hinchey

Download or read book Becoming a Critical Educator written by Patricia H. Hinchey and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2004 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many American educators are all too familiar with disengaged students, disenfranchised teachers, sanitized and irrelevant curricula, inadequate support for the neediest schools and students, and the tyranny of standardizing testing. This text invites teachers and would-be teachers unhappy with such conditions to consider becoming critical educators - professionals dedicated to creating schools that genuinely provide equal opportunity for all children. Assuming little or no background in critical theory, chapters address several essential questions to help readers develop the understanding and resolve necessary to become change agents. Why do critical theorists say that education is always political? How do traditional and critical agendas for schools differ? Which agenda benefits whose children? What classroom and policy changes does critical practice require? What risks must change agents accept? Resources point readers toward opportunities to deepen their understanding beyond the limits of these pages.

Knowledge and Critical Pedagogy

Author : Joe L. Kincheloe
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140208224X
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Knowledge and Critical Pedagogy by : Joe L. Kincheloe

Download or read book Knowledge and Critical Pedagogy written by Joe L. Kincheloe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-19 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a globalized neo-colonial world an insidious and often debilitating crisis of knowledge not only continues to undermine the quality of research produced by scholars but to also perpetuate a neo-colonial and oppressive socio-cultural, political economic, and educational system. The lack of attention such issues receive in pedagogical institutions around the world undermines the value of education and its role as a force of social justice. In this context these knowledge issues become a central concern of critical pedagogy. As a mode of education that is dedicated to a rigorous form of knowledge work, teachers and students as knowledge producers, anti-oppressive educational and social practices, and diverse perspectives from multiple social locations, critical pedagogy views dominant knowledge policies as a direct assault on its goals. Knowledge and Critical Pedagogy: An Introduction takes scholars through a critical review of the issues facing researchers and educators in the last years of the first decade of the twenty-first century. Refusing to assume the reader’s familiarity with such issues but concurrently rebuffing the tendency to dumb down such complex issues, the book serves as an excellent introduction to one of the most important and complicated issues of our time.

A Pedagogy of Place

Author : Brian Wattchow
Publisher : Monash University Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0980651247
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (86 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Pedagogy of Place by : Brian Wattchow

Download or read book A Pedagogy of Place written by Brian Wattchow and published by Monash University Publishing. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Pedagogy of Place offers an alternative vision for outdoor education practice. This timely book calls into question some of the underlying assumptions and ‘truths’ about outdoor education, putting forward alternatives to current practice that are responsive to local conditions and cultural traditions. In this renewal of outdoor education philosophy and practice, the emphasis is upon responding to, and empathising with, the outdoors as particular places, rich in local meaning and significance. Current outdoor education theory and practice is influenced by cultural ideas about risk and adventure, and by psychological theories of personal and social development. However, in recent decades the professional discourse of outdoor education has made a noticeable shift to include education for the ‘environment’ and ‘nature’. This has resulted in a mismatch between theory and practice: traditional notions of proving oneself ‘against’ the challenges of the outdoors are antithetical to the development of an empathetic relationship with outdoor places, which growing concern with today’s environment demands. This book is the first of its kind to articulate a renewal of philosophy and practice for outdoor education that is in keeping with the educational needs of today’s young people as they grapple with considerable social and ecological changes in a rapidly changing world. The authors draw extensively on international, national and local literature and provide compelling case studies drawn from the Australian and New Zealand contexts.

Critical Pedagogy

Author : Peter McLaren
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9780820481470
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (814 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Critical Pedagogy by : Peter McLaren

Download or read book Critical Pedagogy written by Peter McLaren and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2007 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our educational system is in turmoil. Many would argue that it has been assaulted and oversimplified by the right. There is growing concern that we are becoming a liberal nation-state with an increasingly anti-liberal population and an electorate that is disinterested in politics. In this globalized world, the power of capital is so great that opposition to it is often discouraged and disheartened, leaving many citizens few political precepts by which to consider their institutions. This contemporary failure of vision has opened the way for the unimpeded return of the philosophy of the free market. As a result, social and educational policies are debated almost solely in terms of how they fit with the needs of the market. Social and ethical understandings are replaced by a failed economic theory that requires a radical constraint of our political and economic choices. Compassion for the poor, the market lets us know, is wrong-headed because any interference with the labor market will always result in unfortunate economic and social consequences. Moral issues are eclipsed by market needs. In Critical Pedagogy: Where Are We Now? the contributors discuss how the field of critical pedagogy should respond to such dire conditions in a way that is theoretically savvy and visionary, while concurrently contributing to the struggle to improve the lives of those most hurt by them. Critical Pedagogy is essential reading for every classroom teacher and pre-service teacher. It is also a valuable tool for use in undergraduate and graduate-level classrooms.

Leaders in Critical Pedagogy

Author : Brad J Porfilio
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9463001662
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (63 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Leaders in Critical Pedagogy by : Brad J Porfilio

Download or read book Leaders in Critical Pedagogy written by Brad J Porfilio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical pedagogy has variously inspired, mobilized, troubled, and frustrated teachers, activists, and educational scholars for several decades now. Since its inception the field has been animated by internal antagonism and conflict, and this reality has simultaneously spread the influence of the field in and out of education and seriously challenged its status as an integral body of work. The various debates that have categorized critical pedagogy have also made it difficult for younger scholars to enter into the literature. This is the first book to survey critical pedagogy through first-hand accounts of its established and emerging leaders. While the book does indeed provide a historical exploration and documentation of the development of critical pedagogy as a contested and dynamic educational intervention—as well as analyses of that development and directions toward possible futures—it is also intended to provide an accessible and comprehensive entry point for a new generation of activists, organizers, scholars, and educators who place questions of pedagogy and social justice at the heart of their thinking and doing. “Martin Heidegger once said that Aristotle’s life could be summarized in one, short sentence ‘He was born, he thought, he died.’ Porfilio and Ford’s brilliantly curated compilation of autobiographical sketches of leaders in critical pedagogy resolutely rejects Heidegger’s reductive thesis, reminding us all that theory is grounded in the historical specificities and material contradictions of life. For those well acquainted with critical pedagogy, these theoretical memoirs grant us a unique and sometimes surprisingly intimate glimpse into the lives behind the words we know so well. But most importantly, the format of the book is an educational intervention into how critical pedagogy can be taught. While it is often the case that students find critical pedagogy dense, inaccessible, and seemingly detached from the everyday concerns of teache

The Art of Critical Pedagogy

Author : Jeffrey Michael Reyes Duncan-Andrade
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9780820474151
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (741 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Art of Critical Pedagogy by : Jeffrey Michael Reyes Duncan-Andrade

Download or read book The Art of Critical Pedagogy written by Jeffrey Michael Reyes Duncan-Andrade and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2008 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book furthers the discussion concerning critical pedagogy and its practical applications for urban contexts. It addresses two looming, yet under-explored questions that have emerged with the ascendancy of critical pedagogy in the educational discourse: (1) What does critical pedagogy look like in work with urban youth? and (2) How can a systematic investigation of critical work enacted in urban contexts simultaneously draw upon and push the core tenets of critical pedagogy? Addressing the tensions inherent in enacting critical pedagogy - between working to disrupt and to successfully navigate oppressive institutionalized structures, and between the practice of critical pedagogy and the current standards-driven climate - The Art of Critical Pedagogy seeks to generate authentic internal and external dialogues among educators in search of texts that offer guidance for teaching for a more socially just world.

Critical Digital Pedagogy

Author : Jesse Stommel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780578725918
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (259 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Critical Digital Pedagogy by : Jesse Stommel

Download or read book Critical Digital Pedagogy written by Jesse Stommel and published by . This book was released on 2020-07-17 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work of teachers is not just to teach. We are also responsible for the basic needs of students. Helping students eat and live, and also helping them find the tools they need to reflect on the present moment. This is exactly in keeping with Paulo Freire's insistence that critical pedagogy be focused on helping students read their world; but more and more, we must together reckon with that world. Teaching must be an act of imagination, hope, and possibility. Education must be a practice done with hearts as much as heads, with hands as much as books. Care has to be at the center of this work.For the past ten years, Hybrid Pedagogy has worked to help craft a theory of teaching and learning in and around digital spaces, not by imagining what that work might look like, but by doing, asking after, changing, and doing again. Since 2011, Hybrid Pedagogy has published over 400 articles from more than 200 authors focused in and around the emerging field of critical digital pedagogy. A selection of those articles are gathered here. This is the first peer-reviewed publication centered on the theory and practice of critical digital pedagogy. The collection represents a wide cross-section of both academic and non-academic culture and features articles by women, Black people, indigenous people, Chicanx and Latinx writers, disabled people, queer people, and other underrepresented populations. The goal is to provide evidence for the extraordinary work being done by teachers, librarians, instructional designers, graduate students, technologists, and more - work which advances the study and the praxis of critical digital pedagogy.

Critical Pedagogy and Social Change

Author : Seehwa Cho
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136813756
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Critical Pedagogy and Social Change by : Seehwa Cho

Download or read book Critical Pedagogy and Social Change written by Seehwa Cho and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At its core, the main goal of critical pedagogy is deceptively simple—to construct schools and education as agents of change. While noble and ambitious, it is not always realistic in a climate of increased commodification, privatization of schooling, and canned curriculum. By assuming rather than articulating its own possibilities, critical pedagogy literature itself is often its own worst enemy in its call for transformation. With such challenges from both within and without, is the idea of liberatory pedagogy for social change out of reach or can critical educators really achieve the rather high call for social change? What alternative visions of schooling does critical pedagogy truly offer against the mainstream pedagogy? In short, what are the political projects of critical pedagogy? This powerful and accessible text breaks with tradition by teasing out mere assumptions, and provides a concrete illustration and critique of today’s critical pedagogy. Veteran teacher educator Seehwa Cho begins the book with an engaging overview of the history of critical pedagogy and a clear, concise breakdown of key concepts and terms. Not content to hide behind rhetoric, Cho forces herself and the reader to question the most basic assumptions of critical pedagogy, such as what a vision of social change really means. After a thoughtful and pithy analysis of the politics, possibilities and agendas of mainstream critical pedagogy, Cho takes the provocative step of arguing that these dominant discourses are ultimately what stifle the possibility for true social change. Without focusing on micro-level approaches to alternatives, Cho concludes by laying out some basic principles and future directions for critical pedagogy. Both accessible and provocative, Critical Pedagogy and Social Change is a significant contribution to the debates over critical pedagogy and a fresh, much-needed examination of teaching and learning for social justice in the classroom and community beyond.

Pedagogy of the Oppressed

Author : Paulo Freire
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780140225839
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (258 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pedagogy of the Oppressed by : Paulo Freire

Download or read book Pedagogy of the Oppressed written by Paulo Freire and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Learning and Reconciliation Through Indigenous Education in Oceania

Author : Pangelinan, Perry Jason Camacho
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799877388
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Learning and Reconciliation Through Indigenous Education in Oceania by : Pangelinan, Perry Jason Camacho

Download or read book Learning and Reconciliation Through Indigenous Education in Oceania written by Pangelinan, Perry Jason Camacho and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-12-10 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mission of higher education in the 21st century must address the reconciliation of student learning and experiences through the lens of indigenous education and frameworks. Higher learning institutions throughout the oceanic countries have established frameworks for addressing indigeneity through the infusion of an indigenous perspectives curriculum. The incorporation of island indigenous frameworks into their respective curriculums, colleges, and universities in the oceanic countries has seen positive impact results on student learning, leading to the creation of authentic experiences in higher education landscapes. Learning and Reconciliation Through Indigenous Education in Oceania discusses ways of promoting active student learning and unique experiences through indigenous scholarship and studies among contemporary college students. It seeks to provide an understanding of the essential link between practices for incorporating island indigenous curriculum, strategies for effective student learning, and course designs which are aligned with frameworks that address indigeneity, and that place college teachers in the role of leaders for lifelong learning through indigenous scholarship and studies in Oceania. It is ideal for professors, practitioners, researchers, scholars, academicians, students, administrators, curriculum developers, and classroom designers.

When Students Have Power

Author : Ira Shor
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022622385X
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis When Students Have Power by : Ira Shor

Download or read book When Students Have Power written by Ira Shor and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What happens when teachers share power with students? In this profound book, Ira Shor—the inventor of critical pedagogy in the United States—relates the story of an experiment that nearly went out of control. Shor provides the reader with a reenactment of one semester that shows what really can happen when one applies the theory and democratizes the classroom. This is the story of one class in which Shor tried to fully share with his students control of the curriculum and of the classroom. After twenty years of practicing critical teaching, he unexpectedly found himself faced with a student uprising that threatened the very possibility of learning. How Shor resolves these problems, while remaining true to his commitment to power-sharing and radical pedagogy, is the crux of the book. Unconventional in both form and substance, this deeply personal work weaves together student voices and thick descriptions of classroom experience with pedagogical theory to illuminate the power relations that must be negotiated if true learning is to take place.

The SAGE Handbook of Critical Pedagogies

Author : Shirley R. Steinberg
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1526486474
Total Pages : 2395 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (264 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Critical Pedagogies by : Shirley R. Steinberg

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Critical Pedagogies written by Shirley R. Steinberg and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 2395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **Winner of a 2022 American Educational Studies Association Critics′ Choice Book Award** This extensive Handbook brings together different aspects of critical pedagogy in order to open up a clear international conversation on the subject, as well as pushing the boundaries of current understanding by extending the notion of a pedagogy to multiple pedagogies and perspectives. Bringing together contributing authors from around the globe, chapters provide a unique approach and insight to the discipline by crossing a range of disciplines and articulating common philosophical and social themes. Chapters are organised across three volumes and twelve core thematic sections: Part 1: Social Theories of Critical Pedagogy Part 2: Seminal Figures in Critical Pedagogy Part 3: Transnational Perspectives and Critical Pedagogy Part 4: Indigenous Perspectives and Critical Pedagogy Part 5: On Education Part 6: In Classrooms Part 7: Critical Community Praxis Part 8: Reading Critical Pedagogy, Reading Paulo Freire Part 9: Communication, Media and Popular Culture Part 10: Arts and Aesthetics Part 11: Critical Youth Pedagogies Part 12: Technoscience, Ecology and Wellness The SAGE Handbook of Critical Pedagogies is an essential benchmark publication for advanced students, researchers and practitioners across a wide range of disciplines including education, health, sociology, anthropology and development studies

Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies

Author : Django Paris
Publisher : Teachers College Press
ISBN 13 : 0807775703
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies by : Django Paris

Download or read book Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies written by Django Paris and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies raises fundamental questions about the purpose of schooling in changing societies. Bringing together an intergenerational group of prominent educators and researchers, this volume engages and extends the concept of culturally sustaining pedagogy (CSP)—teaching that perpetuates and fosters linguistic, literate, and cultural pluralism as part of schooling for positive social transformation. The authors propose that schooling should be a site for sustaining the cultural practices of communities of color, rather than eradicating them. Chapters present theoretically grounded examples of how educators and scholars can support Black, Indigenous, Latinx, Asian/Pacific Islander, South African, and immigrant students as part of a collective movement towards educational justice in a changing world. Book Features: A definitive resource on culturally sustaining pedagogies, including what they look like in the classroom and how they differ from deficit-model approaches.Examples of teaching that sustain the languages, literacies, and cultural practices of students and communities of color.Contributions from the founders of such lasting educational frameworks as culturally relevant pedagogy, funds of knowledge, cultural modeling, and third space. Contributors: H. Samy Alim, Mary Bucholtz, Dolores Inés Casillas, Michael Domínguez, Nelson Flores, Norma Gonzalez, Kris D. Gutiérrez, Adam Haupt, Amanda Holmes, Jason G. Irizarry, Patrick Johnson, Valerie Kinloch, Gloria Ladson-Billings, Carol D. Lee, Stacey J. Lee, Tiffany S. Lee, Jin Sook Lee, Teresa L. McCarty, Django Paris, Courtney Peña, Jonathan Rosa, Timothy J. San Pedro, Daniel Walsh, Casey Wong “All teachers committed to justice and equity in our schools and society will cherish this book.” —Sonia Nieto, professor emerita, University of Massachusetts, Amherst “This book is for educators who are unafraid of using education to make a difference in the lives of the most vulnerable.” —Pedro Noguera, University of California, Los Angeles “This book calls for deep, effective practices and understanding that centers on our youths’ assets.” —Prudence L. Carter, dean, Graduate School of Education, UC Berkeley

A Critical Pedagogy of Resistance

Author : James D. Kirylo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9462093741
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Critical Pedagogy of Resistance by : James D. Kirylo

Download or read book A Critical Pedagogy of Resistance written by James D. Kirylo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diverse range of critical pedagogues presented in this book comes from a variety of backgrounds with respect to race, gender, and ethnicity, from various geographic places and eras, and from an array of complex political, historical, religious, theological, social, cultural, and educational circumstances which necessitated their leadership and resistance. How each pedagogue uniquely lives in that tension of dealing with pain and struggle, while concurrently fostering a pedagogy that is humanizing, is deeply influenced by their individual autobiographical lens of reality, the conceptual thought that enlightened them, the circumstances that surrounded them, and the conviction that drove them. To be sure, people of justice, people who resist, are framed by a vision that embraces an inclusive, tolerant, more loving community that passionately calls for a more democratic citizenship. That is just what the 34 critical pedagogues represented in this text heroically do. Through the highlighting of their lives and work, this book is not only an excellent resource to serve as a springboard to engage us in dialogue about pivotal issues and concerns related to justice, equality, and opportunity, but also to prompt us to further explore deeper into the lives and thought of some extraordinary people. A Critical Pedagogy of Resistance: 34 Pedagogues We Need to Know is an ambitious undertaking. Kirylo’s narrative enterprise, which seeks to chronicle the lives of transformative pedagogues, is a project whose time has come. This text is an excellent resource for all those interested in the aesthetic that, as Kierkegaard believed, exercised power for the common good. Luis Mirón

Critical Pedagogies and Language Learning

Author : Bonny Norton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521828023
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Critical Pedagogies and Language Learning by : Bonny Norton

Download or read book Critical Pedagogies and Language Learning written by Bonny Norton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-01-26 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume applies the critical pedagogical approach to the area of language learning, and in doing so, it addresses such topics as critical multiculturalism, gender and language learning, and popular culture.