A Conversation Grammar Of The Hindustani Language

Author : George Small
Publisher : Theclassics.Us
ISBN 13 : 9781230447728
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (477 download)

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Download or read book A Grammar of the Urdu Or Hindustani Language in Its Romanized Character written by George Small and published by Theclassics.Us. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1895 edition. Excerpt: ... or mujhpds. 189. Though not exactly coming under the head of Syntax, a few remarks may here be made as to the colloquial uses of the Personal Pronouns. In Urdu, as in other languages, both Western and Eastern, the Plural Pronoun is often used instead of the Singular. Thus, in familiar conversation with equals ham and tum commonly take the place of main and tu,1 the latter being seldom used, except when a sense of difference in status is designed to be expressed, or else either affection, or reverence, or contempt. Thus, in addressing children (especially one's own) or near relations, or in prayer to God, or addressing a person of low caste, or an object of hatred or disgust, tu would properly be used, and (except in the last case) main also. When conversing with persons of rank, whether equals or superiors, neither tu nor tum should be used, but dp (=' Sir, ' 'Monsieur') with Verbs in the Plural 3rd Person; as, Ap jante hath, or, Apko md'lum hai 'You, Sir, know, ' or 'Your Honour knows'; and then the speaker frequently uses 1 To avoid the ambiguity which this custom might sometimes occasion, real plurality is sometimes expressed by the addition of the word log ('people'), as, ham log tamajhte hain 'we (not I) think.' main, though in ordinary parlance ham, with equals, is more common. And, when referring to a third party, whether present or absent, if respect be designed, then unkd, or unko, etc., or even unhohkd (or-ko) would be proper; or when the Agent Case is syntactically required--then unhohne is preferable to unke; as, unkd kdm hat, unko dar kdr hai, unhohne kaha 'it is his business, ' 'he must' (or 'he needs'), 'he said.' Demonstrative Pronouns. 190. The Pronouns yih and wuh are used both as Personals and Demonstratives. As the