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A Complete Model For Seismic Source Behavior Of Peaceful Nuclear Explosions
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Book Synopsis A Complete Model for Seismic Source Behavior of Peaceful Nuclear Explosions by :
Download or read book A Complete Model for Seismic Source Behavior of Peaceful Nuclear Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four most widely accepted forms used to represent the source time history of a nuclear explosion have been unified into a single simple time domain expression. A unique feature of this expression is that the Mueller-Murphy representation is given in terms of two characteristic frequency parameters (k's) and two independent source shaping parameters (B's). The Haskell, Helmberger-Hadley and von Seggern-Blandford representations have always been specified by one of each. There are a total of ten free parameters in the generalized fitting function which are too many for fitting any one type of seismic observation. Yet, they may be useful for unifying different types of data. In particular the Mueller-Murphy parameters are useful for modeling cavity scaling observations and the Helmberger-Hadley are best for studies of near field seismograms. However, there is a clear need to relate the investigations of both types of information. No unique mathematical relationship between the ten free parameters exists, but the differences between the pulses they predict can be measured in a least squares sense. To accomplish this, we have assumed that the Mueller-Murphy source is in fact correct and have found those source functions of the other three representations which approximate it most closely. An important result is that each of the four realizations of the unified source representation can be related to the others in a meaningful way, and the differences are negligible in a least squares sense. Future work needs to be directed at unifying the scaling laws of each representation which is where the real physics lies.
Book Synopsis TOWARD END-TO-END MODELING FOR NUCLEAR EXPLOSION MONITORING by :
Download or read book TOWARD END-TO-END MODELING FOR NUCLEAR EXPLOSION MONITORING written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes new research being performed to improve understanding of seismic waves generated by underground nuclear explosions (UNE) by using full waveform simulation, high-performance computing and three-dimensional (3D) earth models. The goal of this effort is to develop an end-to-end modeling capability to cover the range of wave propagation required for nuclear explosion monitoring (NEM) from the buried nuclear device to the seismic sensor. The goal of this work is to improve understanding of the physical basis and prediction capabilities of seismic observables for NEM including source and path-propagation effects. We are pursuing research along three main thrusts. Firstly, we are modeling the non-linear hydrodynamic response of geologic materials to underground explosions in order to better understand how source emplacement conditions impact the seismic waves that emerge from the source region and are ultimately observed hundreds or thousands of kilometers away. Empirical evidence shows that the amplitudes and frequency content of seismic waves at all distances are strongly impacted by the physical properties of the source region (e.g. density, strength, porosity). To model the near-source shock-wave motions of an UNE, we use GEODYN, an Eulerian Godunov (finite volume) code incorporating thermodynamically consistent non-linear constitutive relations, including cavity formation, yielding, porous compaction, tensile failure, bulking and damage. In order to propagate motions to seismic distances we are developing a one-way coupling method to pass motions to WPP (a Cartesian anelastic finite difference code). Preliminary investigations of UNE's in canonical materials (granite, tuff and alluvium) confirm that emplacement conditions have a strong effect on seismic amplitudes and the generation of shear waves. Specifically, we find that motions from an explosion in high-strength, low-porosity granite have high compressional wave amplitudes and weak shear waves, while an explosion in low strength, high-porosity alluvium results in much weaker compressional waves and low-frequency compressional and shear waves of nearly equal amplitude. Further work will attempt to model available near-field seismic data from explosions conducted at NTS, where we have accurate characterization of the sub-surface from the wealth of geological and geophysical data from the former nuclear test program. Secondly, we are modeling seismic wave propagation with free-surface topography in WPP. We have model the October 9, 2006 and May 25, 2009 North Korean nuclear tests to investigate the impact of rugged topography on seismic waves. Preliminary results indicate that the topographic relief causes complexity in the direct P-waves that leads to azimuthally dependent behavior and the topographic gradient to the northeast, east and southeast of the presumed test locations generate stronger shear-waves, although each test gives a different pattern. Thirdly, we are modeling intermediate period motions (10-50 seconds) from earthquakes and explosions at regional distances. For these simulations we run SPECFEM3D{_}GLOBE (a spherical geometry spectral element code). We modeled broadband waveforms from well-characterized and well-observed events in the Middle East and central Asia, as well as the North Korean nuclear tests. For the recent North Korean test we found that the one-dimensional iasp91 model predicts the observed waveforms quite well in the band 20-50 seconds, while waveform fits for available 3D earth models are generally poor, with some exceptions. Interestingly 3D models can predict energy on the transverse component for an isotropic source presumably due to surface wave mode conversion and/or multipathing.
Book Synopsis Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions by : Ola Dahlman
Download or read book Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions written by Ola Dahlman and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1977 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regional Seismic Detection Analyses of Selected Soviet Peaceful Nuclear Explosions by :
Download or read book Regional Seismic Detection Analyses of Selected Soviet Peaceful Nuclear Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic detection of small, evasively tested underground nuclear explosions remain as a major challenge to effective verification of any eventual CTBT. Most seismic detection research reported to date has focused on analyses of regional seismic signals recorded from explosions at the few known nuclear weapons test sites and, consequently, represent only limited ranges of the source and propagation path conditions of potential monitoring interest. In this study, we analyze regional seismic data recorded at the Borovoye station in Central Asia from a selected group of Soviet PNE tests which sample wider ranges of the source and propagation path variables of interest. The results of these analyses have indicated that it will in general be difficult to seismically detect low-yield, cavity decoupled nuclear explosions, even with high quality stations at regional distance of 100 or less, and that additional research will be required to optimize the seismic networks and signal processing systems needed to monitor such clandestine tests.
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Seismic Waves from Soviet Peaceful Nuclear Explosions in Salt by :
Download or read book Characteristics of Seismic Waves from Soviet Peaceful Nuclear Explosions in Salt written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geological Survey Professional Paper by : Geological Survey (U.S.)
Download or read book Geological Survey Professional Paper written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation by : Allan S. Krass
Download or read book Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation written by Allan S. Krass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.
Book Synopsis UNDERGROUND EXPLOSION EFFECTS. by : D. C. Sachs
Download or read book UNDERGROUND EXPLOSION EFFECTS. written by D. C. Sachs and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project 1.7 of Operation TEAPOT was concerned with the measurement of surface and subsurface effects of an underground explosion of a 1.2-kt nuclear burst (Shot 7). The measurements included free-field earth and airblast effects, as well as loading on underground structural devices. This report deals with the presentation and analysis of the free-field data only; the structural data have been transmitted to the appropriate agencies for their analysis. From the 76 channels installed on TEAPOT Shot 7, 75 usable records were obtained. The free-field quantities measured include air-blast pressure, earth acceleration, earth stress and strain, and permanent earth displacement. The results are discussed by phenomenon and, in each case, the TEAPOT data are compared with pretest predictions. Also, where data are available, comparisons are made with previous underground nuclear test results. Some aspects of seismology and soil mechanics as applied to underground explosion phenomena are presented and, finally, the most pertinent high explosives results from subsequent tests conducted at the TEAPOT location are summarized. (Author).
Book Synopsis U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper by :
Download or read book U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Source Processes and Explosion Yield Estimation by : Goran Ekstrom
Download or read book Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Source Processes and Explosion Yield Estimation written by Goran Ekstrom and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pure appl. geophys., by 161 nations. Entry of the treaty into force, however, is still uncertain since it requires ratification by all 44 nations that have some nuclear capability and, as of 15 June 2001, only 31 of those nations have done so. Although entry of the CTBT into force is still uncertain, seismologists and scientists in related fields, such as radionuclides, have proceeded with new research on issues relevant to monitoring compliance with it. Results of much of that research may be used by the International Monitoring System, headquartered in Vienna, and by several national centers and individual institutions, to monitor compliance with the CTBT. New issues associated with CTBT monitoring in the 21st century have presented scientists with many new challenges. They must be able to effectively monitor com pliance by several countries that have not previously been nuclear powers. Effective monitoring requires that we be able to detect and locate much smaller nuclear events than ever before and to distinguish them from small earthquakes and other types of explosions. We must have those capabilities in regions that are seismically active and geologically complex, and where seismic waves might not propagate efficiently.
Book Synopsis Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions by : U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Download or read book Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Publisher :Oxford ; Toronto : Oxford University Press ISBN 13 :9780198291206 Total Pages :460 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (912 download)
Book Synopsis Nuclear Weapon Tests by : Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Download or read book Nuclear Weapon Tests written by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute and published by Oxford ; Toronto : Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How feasible and how vital is the achievement of a meaningful test limitation treaty? This book presents a wide range of authoritative expertise and opinion as an informed contribution to the debate among governmental experts and the informed public.
Book Synopsis Peaceful Uses for Nuclear Explosives by :
Download or read book Peaceful Uses for Nuclear Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Identification of Seismic Sources — Earthquake or Underground Explosion by : Eystein S. Husebye
Download or read book Identification of Seismic Sources — Earthquake or Underground Explosion written by Eystein S. Husebye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 867 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was seismic monitoring under a nuclear test ban - an application of scienti fic knowledge and modern technology for a political purpose. The international political objective of a comprehensive nuclear test ban provided in turn the motivation for our technical and scientific discussions. In order to obtain a historical perspec tive on the progress of the work towards a comprehensive test-ban treaty (CTB), it is necessary to go back to 1958, when a confer ence of scientific experts in Geneva made the first steps toward an international seismic monitoring system. However, agreement on actual capabilities of a monitoring system for verifying compliance with such a treaty was not achieved, and thus the conference did not lead to immediate political results. After the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963, which banned nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, outer space and under the seas, renewed interest in the seismological verification of a CTB took place. A number of countries initiated large-scale research efforts toward detecting and identifying underground nuclear explosions, and it was in this context that the large aperture seismic arrays NORSAR and LASA were established. This type of development resulted in excellent seismic data in digital form and was thus of great irnprotance to the seismological com munity.
Download or read book United States Nuclear Tests written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document lists chronologically and alphabetically by name all nuclear tests and simultaneous detonations conducted by the United States from July 1945 through September 1992. Two nuclear weapons that the United States exploded over Japan ending World War II are not listed. These detonations were not "tests" in the sense that they were conducted to prove that the weapon would work as designed (as was the first test near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945), or to advance nuclear weapon design, or to determine weapons effects, or to verify weapon safety as were the more than one thousand tests that have taken place since June 30,1946. The nuclear weapon (nicknamed "Little Boy") dropped August 6,1945 from a United States Army Air Force B-29 bomber (the Enola Gay) and detonated over Hiroshima, Japan had an energy yield equivalent to that of 15,000 tons of TNT. The nuclear weapon (virtually identical to "Fat Man") exploded in a similar fashion August 9, 1945 over Nagaski, Japan had a yield of 21,000 tons of TNT. Both detonations were intended to end World War II as quickly as possible. Data on United States tests were obtained from, and verified by, the U.S. Department of Energy's three weapons laboratories -- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Additionally, data were obtained from public announcements issued by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and its successors, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy, respectively.
