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A Characterization And Evaluation Of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Results Of Inspection Tests On Nine Coal Derived Distillation Cuts In The Jet Fuel Boiling Range
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Book Synopsis A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Results of Inspection Tests on Nine Coal-Derived Distillation Cuts in the Jet Fuel Boiling Range by :
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Results of Inspection Tests on Nine Coal-Derived Distillation Cuts in the Jet Fuel Boiling Range written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the assessment of the physical and chemical properties of the jet fuel (180-300 C) distillation fraction of nine direct coal liquefaction products and compares those properties to the corresponding specifications for aviation turbine fuels. These crude coal liquids were compared with finished fuel specifications specifically to learn what the refining requirements for these crudes will be to make them into finished fuels. The properties of the jet fuel fractions were shown in this work to require extensive hydrotreating to meet Jet A-1 specifications. However, these materials have a number of desirable qualities as feedstocks for the production of high energy-density jet fuels.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under subcontract from CONSOL Inc. (US DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-89PC89883), IIT Research Institute, National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research applied a suite of petroleum inspection tests to two direct coal liquefactions net product oils produced in two direct coal liquefaction processing runs. Two technical reports, authored by NIPER, are presented here. The following assessment briefly describes the two coal liquefaction runs and highlights the major findings of the project. It generally is concluded that the methods used in these studies can help define the value of liquefaction products and the requirements for further processing. The application of these methods adds substantially to our understanding of the coal liquefaction process and the chemistry of coal-derived materials. These results will be incorporated by CONSOL into a general overview of the application of novel analytical techniques to coal-derived materials at the conclusion of this contract.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deactivation of the second-stage supported catalyst dominated most of the properties over the course of the run. Consequences of increased catalyst age were increases in aromaticity and phenolic -OH concentration and decreases in hydrogen donor content and paraffinic hydrogen content in most process streams, including product distillates. Donor solvent quality of the whole PFL increased through the early part of the run until Period 8 when it apparently stabilized. The properties of the net product oil and its distillate fractions, as determined by NIPER, show that the coal-derived material has some desirable qualities. The whole crude has a low sulfur content and boils below the maximum temperature allowed for the production of transportation fuels. The naphtha fraction (IBP-380°F) is highly naphthenic and has a low benzene content. The naphtha fraction appears to be amenable to mild hydrotreating to produce a good gasoline blendstock. The kerosene (380--510°F) fraction is much too cyclic for use as aviation fuel and it is recommended that this fraction be distributed into the two cuts on either end of it (diesel and gasoline feedstocks). The 510--680°F fraction met most specifications as a heating fuel and diesel fuel. It appears that this material, after moderate hydroprocessing, could make a good diesel blendstock. Both the FIMS and CP/MAS 13C-NMR methods, currently being used to analyze the suite of twelve samples from HRI Run CC-15, are expected to provide chemical/molecular information to augment and extend the information provided by the base analyses. Preliminary information is encouraging.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the use of the gold tube carbonization technique and reflectance microscopy analysis for the examination of process-derived materials from direct coal liquefaction. The carbonization technique, which was applied to coal liquefaction distillation resids, yields information on the amounts of gas plus distillate, pyridine-soluble resid, and pyridine-insoluble material formed when a coal liquid sample is heated to 450°C for one hour at 5000 psi in an inert atmosphere. The pyridine-insolubles then are examined by reflectance microscopy to determine the type, amount, and optical texture of isotropic and anisotropic carbon formed upon carbonization. Further development of these analytical methods as process development tools may be justified on the basis of these results.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study demonstrated the feasibility of using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) spectroscopy accompanied by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy for the examination of the (THF)-insoluble portion of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. The technique was able to determine the distribution, morphology and elemental composition of dispersed catalyst components in the insoluble portion of the distillation resids. An attempt was made to use transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on these samples; however, detailed compositional information could not be obtained. Further development of STEM and EDX as aids to process development are justified based on these results.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Novel Analytical Techniques for Coal Liquefaction by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Novel Analytical Techniques for Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using fluorescence and reflectance microscopy techniques for the examination of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. Resid, as defined here, is the 850°F portion of the process stream, and includes soluble organics, insoluble organics and ash. The technique can be used to determine the degree of hydrogenation and the presence of multiple phases occurring within a resid sample. It can also be used to infer resid reactivity. The technique is rapid, requiring less than one hour for sample preparation and examination, and thus has apparent usefulness for process monitoring. Additionally, the technique can distinguish differences in samples produced under various process conditions. It can, therefore, be considered a potentially useful technique for the process developer. Further development and application of this analytical method as a process development tool is justified based on these results.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using CP/MAS 13C-NMR spectroscopy for the chemical structural examination of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. A set of twelve carbon skeletal-structure parameters and eight molecular structural descriptors were derived from the NMR data. The technique was used previously to determine these parameters for coal and char, and in the construction of a coal pyrolysis model. The method was applied successfully to the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble portion of eleven 850°F distillation resids and one 850°F distillation resid which contained ash and insoluble organic material (IOM). The results of this study demonstrate that this analytical method can provide data for construction of a model of direct coal liquefaction. Its further development and use is justified based on these results.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using CP/MAS [sup 13]C-NMR spectroscopy for the chemical structural examination of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. A set of twelve carbon skeletal-structure parameters and eight molecular structural descriptors were derived from the NMR data. The technique was used previously to determine these parameters for coal and char, and in the construction of a coal pyrolysis model. The method was applied successfully to the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble portion of eleven 850[degrees]F[sup +] distillation resids and one 850[degrees]F[sup +] distillation resid which contained ash and insoluble organic material (IOM). The results of this study demonstrate that this analytical method can provide data for construction of a model of direct coal liquefaction. Its further development and use is justified based on these results.
Book Synopsis A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Report, April 1--June 30, 1997 by :
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Report, April 1--June 30, 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Technical Progress Report for the twelfth quarter of activities. Described in this report are the following activities: (1) Thirty-nine samples from four run conditions of HTI Run PB-07 were received. Appropriate samples were characterized by proton NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vacuum distillation, and solvent quality tests. (2) The University of Delaware completed their subcontract this quarter. A meeting was held on April 30, 1997 at the University to close out the subcontract. (3) Twelve sets of samples were chosen from the CONSOL sample bank for the study of the insoluble and presumed unreactive material from process stream samples. Each set consists of the whole process stream and the 454 C[sup+] (850 F[sup+]) distillation resid derived from that process stream. Processing data for all samples were compiled. The samples represent four Wilsonville pilot plant runs and two HTI runs.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Gold Tube Carbonization and Reflectance Microscopy by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Gold Tube Carbonization and Reflectance Microscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the use of the gold tube carbonization technique and reflectance microscopy analysis for the examination of process-derived materials from direct coal liquefaction. The carbonization technique, which was applied to coal liquefaction distillation resids, yields information on the amounts of gas plus distillate, pyridine-soluble resid, and pyridine-insoluble material formed when a coal liquid sample is heated to 450°C for one hour at 5000 psi in an inert atmosphere. The pyridine-insolubles then are examined by reflectance microscopy to determine the type, amount, and optical texture of isotropic and anisotropic carbon formed upon carbonization. Further development of these analytical methods as process development tools may be justified on the basis of these results.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. UV Resonance Raman Studies of Coal Liquid Residuals by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. UV Resonance Raman Studies of Coal Liquid Residuals written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under subcontract from CONSOL Inc. (US DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-89PC89883), the University of Pittsburgh studied the use of ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy for the characterization of coal liquefaction resids. This study suggests that with further development the UVRR spectroscopy method may prove useful for the examination of the aromatic and unsaturated species in distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. The technique, which was previously used for the examination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in biomedical materials, petroleum, and polymer systems, was applied to the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble portion of six 850°F distillation resids. The results of this study indicate that the UVRR method may, with additional development, become a useful tool for the analysis of the PAHs in coal-derived materials.
Book Synopsis A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Status Assessment by :
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Status Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of the literature dealing with the modeling of fossil-fuel resid conversion to product oils and an updated assessment of the physico-chemical analytical methodology applicable to coal-liquefaction product streams is presented in this document. Analytical methodologies included here are either those which are different than those previously surveyed or are improvements on, or significantly different applications of methods previously surveyed. The literature cited spans the time period from 1991 to the present. The literature was examined from the 1960s through the present. When possible, for each model described, the methodology for deriving the model and the relative quality of the kinetic parameters derived is discussed. Proposed reaction schemes used for constructing coal-conversion models, in many cases, include the conversion of a resid intermediate to light products. These models are, therefore, also of interest, and are included here. Analytical techniques were identified that were shown to be useful for providing physico-chemical information of coal-liquefaction resids. These techniques are nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (especially the technique of field ionization mass spectrometry), electron spin resonance spectroscopy coupled to thermogravimetric analysis, and a suite of petroleum inspection tests. It is recommended that these techniques be used in the present contract. 76 refs.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Volume 2, Participants Program Final Summary Evaluation by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Volume 2, Participants Program Final Summary Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 4.5-year project consisted of routine analytical support to DOE's direct liquefaction process development effort (the Base Program), and an extensive effort to develop, demonstate, and apply new analytical methods for the characterization of liquefaction process streams (the Participants Program). The objective of the Base Program was to support the on-going DOE direct coal liquefaction process development program. Feed, process, and product samples were used to assess process operations, product quality, and the effects of process variables, and to direct future testing. The primary objective of the Participants Program was to identify and demonstrate analytical methods for use in support of liquefaction process develpment, and in so doing, provide a bridge between process design, development, and operation and analytical chemistry. To achieve this direct coal liquefaction-derived materials. CONSOL made an evaluation of each analytical technique. During the performance of this project, we obtained analyses on samples from numerous process development and research programs and we evaluated a variety of analytical techniques for their usefulness in supporting liquefaction process development. Because of the diverse nature of this program, we provide here an annotated bibliography of the technical reports, publications, and formal presentations that resulted from this program to serve as a comprehensive summary of contract activities.
Book Synopsis A CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF COAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESS STREAMS. by :
Download or read book A CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF COAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESS STREAMS. written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Technical Progress Report for the fifteenth quarter of activities under DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-94PC93054. It covers the period January 1 through March 31, 1998. Described in this report are the following activities: (1) CONSOL characterized 41 process stream samples obtained from HTI Run PB-01 (227-90), in which Black Thunder Mine coal, Hondo VTB resid, municipal solid waste (MSW) plastics, and virgin plastics were co-liquefaction feedstocks with all-dispersed Fe and Mo catalysts. (2) A request was made for samples from the Nippon Coal Oil NEDOL pilot plant in Kashima, Japan. (3) Phenols were extracted from two samples of separator overhead oil from HTI Run PB-03 Periods 10A and 10B. The phenols were converted to ethylphenyl ethers, and the ethers were distilled to produce a sample within the diesel fuel boiling range. The ethers were mixed with diesel fuel to make 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% solutions. The four mixtures and a control sample (0% ether) were tested for diesel fuel properties by Intertek Testing Services, Caleb Brett. (4) Computational studies related to the University of Delaware's resid conversion model were continued on the Hewlett Packard Apollo HP-735 RISC workstation at CONSOL R and D. The Structure Optimization Program and the Structure Once-Through Program were used to generate physicochemical properties and structure models for the 15 coal resid samples which have been under study.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Characterization of Coal Liquefaction Resids Employing Thermogravimetric Analysis and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Characterization of Coal Liquefaction Resids Employing Thermogravimetric Analysis and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using temperature-programmed electron spin resonance (ESR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for the examination of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. TGA is used to quantitate volatile losses in a temperature-programmed experiment. The TGA data are used to correct the free radical densities obtained by ESR as volatile material is evolved from the samples in the temperature-programmed ESR experiment. The techniques, when employed in tandem, can be used to determine the content and nature of the free radicals in the samples at temperatures approximating those used in the liquefaction process. TGA and ESR experiments were performed in flowing nitrogen and hydrogen, at ambient pressure. No significant difference was observed in the ESR spectra in the different atmospheres, except in the case of low-rank coal-derived resids. The TGA results, however, were systematically different; mass loss in an H2 atmosphere is consistently higher than that observed in an N2 atmosphere. It was shown that temperature-programmed ESR, which can pinpoint conditions at which the free radical content is the highest, has potential to be a guide for the appropriate choice of conditions for optimum resid upgrading. Further development of these combined analytical methods as process development tools appears justified based on these results.
Book Synopsis A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1--December 31, 1995 by :
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1--December 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to support the DOE direct coal liquefaction process development program and to improve the useful application of analytical chemistry to direct coal liquefaction process development. Independent analyses by well-established methods will be obtained of samples produced in direct coal liquefaction processes under evaluation by DOE. Additionally, analytical instruments and techniques which are currently underutilized for the purpose of examining coal-derived samples will be evaluated. The data obtained from this study will be used to help guide current process development and to develop an improved data base on coal and coal liquids properties. During this reporting period, CONSOL completed analyses of 81 feed and process stream samples from HTI bench Run CMSL-9. HTI liquefaction bench unit Run CMSL-9 (227-87) was operated with all-dispersed catalyst and Black Thunder Mine (Wyodak and Anderson seam) coal, with and without mixed plastics or high density polyethylene (HDPE) as coprocessing feedstocks. The dispersed catalysts used were Molyvan A and HTI's iron catalyst, a sulfated iron hydroxide. Results are discussed in this report.
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation: The Preliminary Evaluation of the Kinetics of Coal Liquefation Distillation Resid Conversion by :
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation: The Preliminary Evaluation of the Kinetics of Coal Liquefation Distillation Resid Conversion written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
