Essentials of Glycobiology

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Publisher : CSHL Press
ISBN 13 : 9780879696818
Total Pages : 694 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (968 download)

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Book Synopsis Essentials of Glycobiology by : Ajit Varki

Download or read book Essentials of Glycobiology written by Ajit Varki and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.

Recent advances in genomic and genetic studies in the Archaea

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Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889191192
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent advances in genomic and genetic studies in the Archaea by : Frank T. Robb

Download or read book Recent advances in genomic and genetic studies in the Archaea written by Frank T. Robb and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accumulation of archaeal genomes has lagged significantly behind the Bacteria; however, in the last several years the coverage of the major phyla of Archaea has been significantly improved. There are now multiple genomes in several important genera such as Pyrobaculum, Sulfolobus, Thermococcus/Pyrococcus, Halobacterium, Methanosarcina, Methanopyrus and Methanocaldococcus. Comparative genomic studies are now under way, and in many cases there are several consortial multilaboratory groups, such as the SulfoSys community, which have started to break into new systems biology initiatives. At the same time, access to streamlined genetic approaches in the genera Sulfolobus, Thermococcus, Methanosarcina, and Halobacterium/Haloferax has improved significantly and is leveraging the genomic information in the Archaea. The result has been that genome-driven studies of metabolism, DNA replication and repair, transcription and translation, and posttranslational processing have become more detailed and that basic research findings are burgeoning. The areas of global gene regulation, the roles of small RNAs and mechanisms of transcription and DNA replication will be focus areas in the guidelines of this Research Topic. Recently, insights into the unique characteristics of archaeal transcription and the ability to study the effects of mutation in vivo following knock-in gene replacement have resulted in incisive findings.

Discover the World of Microbes

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527669396
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Discover the World of Microbes by : Gerhard Gottschalk

Download or read book Discover the World of Microbes written by Gerhard Gottschalk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-12 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is an essential primer for all students who need some background in microbiology and want to become familiar with the universal importance of bacteria for all forms of life. Written by Gerhard Gottschalk, Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology and one of the most prominent microbiologists in our time, this text covers the topic in its whole breadth and does not only focus on bacteria as pathogens. The book is written in an easy-to-read, entertaining style but each chapter also contains a `facts' section with compact text and diagrams for easy learning. In addition, more than 40 famous scientists, including several Nobel Prize winners, contributed sections, written specifically for this title. The book comes with color figures and a companion website with questions and answers. Key features: Unique, introductory text offering a comprehensive overview of the astonishing variety and abilities of Bacteria Easy-to-read, fascinating and educational Written by one of the best known microbiologists of our time Color images throughout Each chapter has a compact tutorial part with schemes on the biochemistry and metabolic pathways of Bacteria Comes with a companion website with questions and answers

Biocommunication of Archaea

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319655361
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Biocommunication of Archaea by : Guenther Witzany

Download or read book Biocommunication of Archaea written by Guenther Witzany and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-27 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archaea represent a third domain of life with unique properties not found in the other domains. Archaea actively compete for environmental resources. They perceive themselves and can distinguish between ‘self’ and ‘non-self’. They process and evaluate available information and then modify their behaviour accordingly. They assess their surroundings, estimate how much energy they need for particular goals, and then realize the optimum variant. These highly diverse competences show us that this is possible owing to sign(aling)- mediated communication processes within archaeal cells (intra-organismic), between the same, related and different archaeal species (interorganismic), and between archaea and nonarchaeal organisms (transorganismic). This is crucial in coordinating growth and development, shape and dynamics. Such communication must function both on the local level and between widely separated colony parts. This allows archaea to coordinate appropriate response behaviors in a differentiated manner to their current developmental status and physiological influences. This book will orientate further investigations on how archaeal ecosphere inhabitants communicate with each other to coordinate their behavioral patterns and whats the role of viruses in this highly dynamic interactional networks.

Manual of Environmental Microbiology

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 155581882X
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (558 download)

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Book Synopsis Manual of Environmental Microbiology by : Cindy H. Nakatsu

Download or read book Manual of Environmental Microbiology written by Cindy H. Nakatsu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The single most comprehensive resource for environmental microbiology Environmental microbiology, the study of the roles that microbes play in all planetary environments, is one of the most important areas of scientific research. The Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Fourth Edition, provides comprehensive coverage of this critical and growing field. Thoroughly updated and revised, the Manual is the definitive reference for information on microbes in air, water, and soil and their impact on human health and welfare. Written in accessible, clear prose, the manual covers four broad areas: general methodologies, environmental public health microbiology, microbial ecology, and biodegradation and biotransformation. This wealth of information is divided into 18 sections each containing chapters written by acknowledged topical experts from the international community. Specifically, this new edition of the Manual Contains completely new sections covering microbial risk assessment, quality control, and microbial source tracking Incorporates a summary of the latest methodologies used to study microorganisms in various environments Synthesizes the latest information on the assessment of microbial presence and microbial activity in natural and artificial environments The Manual of Environmental Microbiology is an essential reference for environmental microbiologists, microbial ecologists, and environmental engineers, as well as those interested in human diseases, water and wastewater treatment, and biotechnology.

Target Discovery and Validation

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527345299
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Target Discovery and Validation by : Alleyn T. Plowright

Download or read book Target Discovery and Validation written by Alleyn T. Plowright and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modern drug developers? guide for making informed choices among the diverse target identification methods Target Discovery and Validation: Methods and Strategies for Drug Discovery offers a hands-on review of the modern technologies for drug target identification and validation. With contributions from noted industry and academic experts, the book addresses the most recent chemical, biological, and computational methods. Additionally, the book highlights techologies that are applicable to ?difficult? targets and drugs directed at multiple targets, including chemoproteomics, activity-based protein profiling, pathway mapping, genome-wide association studies, and array-based profiling. Throughout, the authors highlight a range of diverse approaches, and target validation studies reveal how these methods can support academic and drug discovery scientists in their target discovery and validation research. This resource: -Offers a guide to identifying and validating targets, a key enabling technology without which no new drug development is possible -Presents the information needed for choosing the appropriate assay method from the ever-growing range of available options -Provides practical examples from recent drug development projects, e. g. in kinase inhibitor profiling Written for medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical professionals, biochemists, biotechnology professionals, and pharmaceutical chemists, Target Discovery and Validation explores the current methods for the identification and validation of drug targets in one comrpehensive volume. It also includes numerous practical examples.

Advances in Microbial Physiology

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128052384
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Microbial Physiology by : Robert K. Poole

Download or read book Advances in Microbial Physiology written by Robert K. Poole and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Microbial Physiology continues the long tradition of topical and important, cutting-edge reviews in microbiology. - Contains contributions from leading authorities - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of microbial physiology

In Search of Cell History

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022617428X
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis In Search of Cell History by : Franklin M. Harold

Download or read book In Search of Cell History written by Franklin M. Harold and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-10-29 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The origin of cells remains one of the most fundamental problems in biology, one that over the past two decades has spawned a large body of research and debate. In this book, the author offers a comprehensive, impartial take on that research and the controversies that keep the field in turmoil.

Archaeal Cell Envelope and Surface Structures

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889197735
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Archaeal Cell Envelope and Surface Structures by : Sonja-Verena Albers

Download or read book Archaeal Cell Envelope and Surface Structures written by Sonja-Verena Albers and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archaea and Bacteria have complex cell envelopes that play important roles in several vital cellular processes, including serving as a barrier that protects the cytoplasm from the environment. Along with associated proteinaceous structures, cell envelopes also ensure cell stability, promote motility, mediate adherence to biotic and abiotic surfaces, and facilitate communication with the extracellular environment. While some aspects of the biosynthesis and structure of the cell are similar to the three domains of life, archaeal cell envelopes exhibit several unique characteristics. Moreover, recent analyzes have revealed that many features of cell envelopes can vary greatly between distantly related archaea. The collection of reviews and original research papers in this focused issue describes research that has been significantly expanded in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and functions of archaeal cell envelopes and their constituent surface structures. Jain et al. (5) cytoplasmic membrane, isoprenoid lipid bilayer, as well as recently revealed the cytoplasmic membrane biosynthesis, which is conserved across the three domains of life. Complementing this review, Andreas Klingl summarizes the diverse structures and functions of archaeal cytoplasmic membranes (8). While most archaeal cells have a single membrane, the archaea have an outer membrane, which has been thought of in a different variety of archaeal lineages. One particular intriguing diderm is the hyperthermophilic archaeon. In the periplasmic space, ATP in the periplasmic space. Complementing this work, Kletzin provides an in-depth review of evolutionarily conserved and unique archaeal inner and outer membrane-associated cytochromes (7). The periplasmic space between the membranes of archaeal diderms does not contain a peptidoclycan layer. In fact, while the cytoplasmic membrane is superimposed by an S-layer in many monoderm archaea, it is unclear how diderms, and even some monoderm extremophiles that varnish to S-layer, withstand osmotic stress. As noted by Klingl (8), glycocalyx, lipoglycans, or other protective cell-associated glycoproteins, may take on the functions of a cell wall in some archaea. One such secreted protein, as described by Zenke et al., Is the halomucin of Haloquadratum walsbyi (15). While H. walsbyi does not have a cell wall, halomucine, an unusually large protein (9159aa), is thought to play an important role in protecting these extreme halophiles against desiccation. Interestingly, Candidatus Altiarchaeum hamiconexum, an uncultured diderm euryarchaeon, isolated from biofilms containing hammers, cell surface proteins with the appearance of grappling hooks that connect cells to each other and to abiotic surfaces. Perra's stunning imagery suggests that this is the case with the S-layer glycoproteins, possibly suggesting a case of divergent evolution (12). [0003] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the preparation of a medical device, Are conserved across the prokaryotic domains, being found in the majority of sequenced archaea, where, as in bacteria, they play key roles in processes necessary for biofilm formation (10, 13). Interestingly, as discussed by Albers and Jarrell (1), as well as Näther et al. (11), a type IV pilus-like structure is responsible for swimming motility in archaea. Many secreted proteins, including the S-layer glycoprotein and pilin-like proteins, are heavily post-translationally modified. [1]. [0002] The known proteolytic modifications of the proteins of the model haloarchaeon [1], vol. Using the results of proteomic studies, Leon et al. (9), providing an invaluable resource in silico prediction tools for the characterization of archaeal proteins, in general, but also specific phyla. Kandiba and Eichler review our current knowledge of N-glycosylation in archaea, including descriptions of the pathways the regulatory roles of this post-translational modification plays in cellular processes (6). Considering the unique aspects of the archaeal cell envelope, including not only the protein structures, but their post-translational modifications as well, it is not surprising that archaeal viruses have evolved specific mechanisms to infect and egress from archaeal cells, which are reviewed in this Issue by Quemin and Quax (14). Understanding the roles that can be seen in this book is a study of the development of biofuels in the field of bioinformatics, including mucosa-associated methanogenic archaea, can (2). (2) In this paper, Archaeal cell membranes and S-layer glycoproteins have been used to make liposomes and nanomaterials. Finally, a better understanding of the similarities and differences among the archaea as well as between the archaea and the other two domains will lead to the development of a more accurate phylogeny. In this issue, Forterre takes advantage of the latest profusion of genome studies, along with supporting in vivo work, to assemble an improved tree of life (3). Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that this is not the case. Acknowledgments The support of the National Science Foundation MCB-1413158 to MP and the ERC starting grant 311523 (archaellum) to SA are gratefully acknowledged. References: 1. Albers SV & Jarrell KF (2015) The archaellum: how Archaea swim. Frontiers in microbiology 6:23. 2. Bang C, et al. (2014) Biofilm formation of mucosa-associated methanoarchaeal strains. Frontiers in microbiology 5: 353. 3. Forterre P (2015) The Universal Tree: an update. Frontiers in Microbiology, in 4. Gimenez MI, Cerletti M, & De Castro RE (2015) Archaeal membrane-associated proteases: insights on Haloferax volcanii and other haloarchaea. Frontiers in microbiology 6:39. 5. Jain S, Caforio A, & Driessen AJ (2014) Biosynthesis of archaeal membrane ether lipids. Frontiers in microbiology 5: 641. 6. Kandiba L & Eichler J (2014) Archaeal S-layer glycoproteins: post-translational modification in the face of extremes. Frontiers in microbiology 5: 661. 7. Kletzin A, et al. (2015) Cytochromes c in Archaea: distribution, maturation, cell architecture, and the special case of Ignicoccus hospitalis. Frontiers in microbiology 6: 439. 8. Klingl A (2014) S-layer and cytoplasmic membrane - exceptions from the typical archaeal cell wall with a focus on double membranes. Frontiers in microbiology 5: 624. 9. Leon DR, et al. (2015) Mining proteomic data to expose protein modifications to methanosarcina mazei strain Go1. Frontiers in microbiology 6: 149. 10. Losensky G, Vidakovic L, Klingl A, Pfeifer F, & Frols S (2014) Novel pili-like surface structures of Halobacterium salinarum strain R1 are crucial for surface adhesion. Frontiers in microbiology 5: 755. 11. Nather-Schindler DJ, Schopf S, Bellack A, Rachel R, & Wirth R (2014) Pyrococcus furiosus flagella: biochemical and transcriptional analyzes identify the newly detected flaB0 gene to encode the major flagellin. Frontiers in microbiology 5: 695. 12. Perras AK, et al. (2015) S-layers at second glance? Altiarchaeal grappling hooks (hami) resemble archaeal S-layer proteins in structure and sequence. Frontiers in microbiology 6: 543. 13. Pohlschroder M & Esquivel RN (2015) Archaeal type IV pili and their involvement in biofilm formation. Frontiers in microbiology 6:19. 14. Quemin ER & Quax TE (2015) Archaeal viruses at the cell envelope: entry and egress. Frontiers in microbiology 6: 552. 15. Zenke R, et al. (2015) fluorescence microscopy visualization of halomucin, a secreted 927 kDa protein surrounding haloquadratum walsbyi cells. Frontiers in microbiology 6: 249.

Marine Organisms as Model Systems in Biology and Medicine

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319924869
Total Pages : 627 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Organisms as Model Systems in Biology and Medicine by : Malgorzata Kloc

Download or read book Marine Organisms as Model Systems in Biology and Medicine written by Malgorzata Kloc and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the potential advantages of using marine invertebrates like tunicates, echinoderms, sponges and cephalopods as models in both biological and medical research. Bioactive compounds found in marine organisms possess antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties, and can affect the immune and nervous systems. Despite substantial research on the medicinal attributes of various marine invertebrates, they are still very much underrepresented in scientific literature: the majority of cell, developmental and evolutionary scientific journals only publish research conducted on a few well-known model systems like Drosophila melanogaster or Xenopus laevis. Addressing that gap, this book introduces readers to new model organisms like starfish or nemertera. By showing their benefits with regard to regeneration, stem cell research and Evo-Devo, the authors provide a cross-sectional view encompassing various disciplines of biological research. As such, this book will not only appeal to scientists currently working on marine organisms, but will also inspire future generations to pursue research of their own.

Archaea in the Environment: Views on Archaeal Distribution, Activity, and Biogeography

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Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889667359
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Archaea in the Environment: Views on Archaeal Distribution, Activity, and Biogeography by : Andreas Teske

Download or read book Archaea in the Environment: Views on Archaeal Distribution, Activity, and Biogeography written by Andreas Teske and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-03 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Curiosity And Passion For Science And Art

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813141832
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Curiosity And Passion For Science And Art by : Uwe B Sleytr

Download or read book Curiosity And Passion For Science And Art written by Uwe B Sleytr and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-07-04 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the accomplishments of a curious and imaginative scientist, and his endeavours to translate or even to extrapolate scientific insights into the world of art.The science section in this volume concerns studies on S-layers, a very important class of proteins found on the surface of numerous Bacteria and nearly all Archaea. S-layer proteins are one of the most abundant biopolymers on our planet, and assemble into the simplest type of biological membrane. Moreover, they are unique building blocks and patterning elements for the production of complex supramolecular structures and nanoscale devices in nanobiotechnology, molecular nanotechnology, synthetic biology, biomimetics and nanomedicine.In the second part of this book the author goes on to passionately describe how his scientific activities stimulated his art work, which in particular concerns the visualization of results and the potential of synthetic biology and evolutionary events induced by genetic manipulations. Most importantly, the engagement in art allowed him to leave the rather curtailed canon of science and reach a mental state of unlimited freedom of thoughts. Mask-like sculptures are used as examples to visualize the intersection between science and art, and in particular the unpredictability and mystery of scientific visions.

Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331953047X
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons by : Jan Löwe

Download or read book Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons written by Jan Löwe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the structures and functions of active protein filaments, found in bacteria and archaea, and now known to perform crucial roles in cell division and intra-cellular motility, as well as being essential for controlling cell shape and growth. These roles are possible because the cytoskeletal and cytomotive filaments provide long range order from small subunits. Studies of these filaments are therefore of central importance to understanding prokaryotic cell biology. The wide variation in subunit and polymer structure and its relationship with the range of functions also provide important insights into cell evolution, including the emergence of eukaryotic cells. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers, review the great advances made in the past 20-25 years, and still ongoing, to discover the architectures, dynamics and roles of filaments found in relevant model organisms. Others describe one of the families of dynamic filaments found in many species. The most common types of filament are deeply related to eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins, notably actin and tubulin that polymerise and depolymerise under the control of nucleotide hydrolysis. Related systems are found to perform a variety of roles, depending on the organisms. Surprisingly, prokaryotes all lack the molecular motors associated with eukaryotic F-actin and microtubules. Archaea, but not bacteria, also have active filaments related to the eukaryotic ESCRT system. Non-dynamic fibres, including intermediate filament-like structures, are known to occur in some bacteria.. Details of known filament structures are discussed and related to what has been established about their molecular mechanisms, including current controversies. The final chapter covers the use of some of these dynamic filaments in Systems Biology research. The level of information in all chapters is suitable both for active researchers and for advanced students in courses involving bacterial or archaeal physiology, molecular microbiology, structural cell biology, molecular motility or evolution. Chapter 3 of this book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Relentless Evolution

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022601889X
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Relentless Evolution by : John N. Thompson

Download or read book Relentless Evolution written by John N. Thompson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a glance, most species seem adapted to the environment in which they live. Yet species relentlessly evolve, and populations within species evolve in different ways. Evolution, as it turns out, is much more dynamic than biologists realized just a few decades ago. In Relentless Evolution, John N. Thompson explores why adaptive evolution never ceases and why natural selection acts on species in so many different ways. Thompson presents a view of life in which ongoing evolution is essential and inevitable. Each chapter focuses on one of the major problems in adaptive evolution: How fast is evolution? How strong is natural selection? How do species co-opt the genomes of other species as they adapt? Why does adaptive evolution sometimes lead to more, rather than less, genetic variation within populations? How does the process of adaptation drive the evolution of new species? How does coevolution among species continually reshape the web of life? And, more generally, how are our views of adaptive evolution changing? Relentless Evolution draws on studies of all the major forms of life—from microbes that evolve in microcosms within a few weeks to plants and animals that sometimes evolve in detectable ways within a few decades. It shows evolution not as a slow and stately process, but rather as a continual and sometimes frenetic process that favors yet more evolutionary change.

Bioremediation and Phytoremediation Technologies in Sustainable Soil Management

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000570274
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioremediation and Phytoremediation Technologies in Sustainable Soil Management by : Junaid Ahmad Malik

Download or read book Bioremediation and Phytoremediation Technologies in Sustainable Soil Management written by Junaid Ahmad Malik and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 4-volume set focuses on the use of microbial bioremediation and phytoremediation to clean up pollutants in soil, such as pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, and chlorinated solvents, which reduce the soil's fertility and renders it unfit for plant growth. Volume 2: Microbial Approaches and Recent Trends focuses on new and emerging techniques and approaches to address soil pollution. These include the use of rhizobacteria, archaea, cyanobacteria, and microalgae as biofertilizers and for soil bioremediation efforts. New technologies for assessment of soil bioremediation are explored also. The chapters provide in-depth coverage of the mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of the technologies used and highlight the use of different microbial enzymes that are used in the process of bioremediation and phytoremediation to clean up different pollutants without causing damage to the natural environment. Other volumes in the 4-volume set: • Volume 1: Fundamental Aspects and Contaminated Sites • Volume 3: Inventive Techniques, Research Methods, and Case Studies • Volume 4: Degradation of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls Together, these four volumes provide in-depth coverage of the mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of the bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies for safe and sustainable soil management. The diverse topics help to arm biologists, agricultural engineers, environmental and soil scientists and chemists with the information and tools they need to address soil toxins that are a dangerous risk to plants, wildlife, humans and, of course, the soil itself.

Microbial genomics challenge Darwin

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Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889191222
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial genomics challenge Darwin by : Didier Raoult

Download or read book Microbial genomics challenge Darwin written by Didier Raoult and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 200th anniversary of Darwin’s birthday was celebrated in 2009, making the concept of Darwinism even more popular than at the time it was originally proposed, to the extent that it has acquired quasi-religious status. His theory revolves around a Tree of Life in which all living organisms are considered to have descended from a single ancestor, and each node represents a common ancestor. It comprises hierarchy and dichotomy, which are typical characteristics of the post-biblical 19th century vision. Indeed, according to post-modern philosophy (also called the French theory) the majority of theories, including scientific ones, are based only on meta-narratives expressing the influence of a culture at a given time. Buddhism or Hinduism may have generated a very different story of evolution. Our way of thinking about life, and the way we describe evolution, have changed radically in the 21st century due to the genomic revolution. Comparative genome analyses have demonstrated that gene repertoires are characterized by plasticity, and there is strong evidence that nearly all genes have been exchanged at some point. Genomic data show that the genetic information of living organisms is inherited not only vertically but also laterally. Lateral gene transfers were at first observed only in bacteria, which contain genes originating from eukaryotes, Archaea and viruses. Such transfers were subsequently identified in all living organisms; giant viruses have chimeric genomes and the human genome is a mosaic of genes with eukaryotic, bacterial, and viral origins. We cannot identify a single common ancestor for the gene repertoire of any organism. Furthermore, a very high proportion of genes have been newly created through gene fusion or degradation, and others show no homology to sequences found in other species. It is now clear that every living organism has a variety of ancestors, while exchanges between species are intense, and the creation of new genes is frequent and permanent in all living organisms. Our current genomic knowledge contradicts the tree of life theory, as established by Darwin. Recent analyses have produced bushes rather than resolved trees, with the structure of some parts remaining elusive. It becomes more and more obvious that phylogenetic relationships are better described by forests and networks and that species evolution looks more like a rhizome. The chimerism and mosaic structure of all living organisms through both non-vertical inheritance and de novo creation can only be assimilated and described by a post-Darwinist concept. In this Research Topic we wish to highlight the influence of microbiology and genomics on our understanding of the complexity of gene repertoires, and also demonstrate how current knowledge does not support Darwin’s theory. Microbiology has offered a great advance in the way we perceive life. Evidence obtained from studies on bacterial and viral evolution, lateral inheritance, phylogenetic trees and biodiversity continues to challenge what constituted, until recently, an unimpeded dogma in biology.

Practical Handbook of Microbiology

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000245012
Total Pages : 976 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Practical Handbook of Microbiology by : Lorrence H Green

Download or read book Practical Handbook of Microbiology written by Lorrence H Green and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical Handbook of Microbiology, 4th edition provides basic, clear and concise knowledge and practical information about working with microorganisms. Useful to anyone interested in microbes, the book is intended to especially benefit four groups: trained microbiologists working within one specific area of microbiology; people with training in other disciplines, and use microorganisms as a tool or "chemical reagent"; business people evaluating investments in microbiology focused companies; and an emerging group, people in occupations and trades that might have limited training in microbiology, but who require specific practical information. Key Features Provides a comprehensive compendium of basic information on microorganisms—from classical microbiology to genomics. Includes coverage of disease-causing bacteria, bacterial viruses (phage), and the use of phage for treating diseases, and added coverage of extremophiles. Features comprehensive coverage of antimicrobial agents, including chapters on anti-fungals and anti-virals. Covers the Microbiome, gene editing with CRISPR, Parasites, Fungi, and Animal Viruses. Adds numerous chapters especially intended for professionals such as healthcare and industrial professionals, environmental scientists and ecologists, teachers, and businesspeople. Includes comprehensive survey table of Clinical, Commercial, and Research-Model bacteria. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Chapter 21, "Archaea," of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com See Emanuel Goldman's Open Access article: "Lamarck redux and other false arguments against SARS-CoV-2 vaccination," https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embr.202254675