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World Economic And Financial Surveys Primary Commodities 1988
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Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451943083 Total Pages :116 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic and Financial Surveys, Primary Commodities, 1988 by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book World Economic and Financial Surveys, Primary Commodities, 1988 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an analysis of recent developments relating to the major nonfuel primary commodities traded in international markets. Particular attention is given to market price movements and the factors underlying these movements. A number of adjustments in the international trading environment in which commodity prices are determined occurred in 1987, and even more significant changes are expected in the years ahead. Some of the adjustments in the past year affected only bilateral trading arrangements, while others, such as certain initiatives undertaken in the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations and those relating to some international commodity agreements were of a multilateral nature. The present round, the eighth in a series of GATT negotiations held since 1947, involves two elements that are of particular relevance to international trade in commodities. Although only small changes were made in 1987 in the various multilateral schemes that exist to compensate countries for export earnings shortfalls, a significant increase in such financing in 1987 had the effect of stabilizing many developing countries’ export earnings, thereby maintaining their capacity to import and buoying world trade.
Author :International Monetary Fund : Commodities Division of the Research Departme nt Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :97 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (474 download)
Book Synopsis Primary Commodities May 1988 by : International Monetary Fund : Commodities Division of the Research Departme nt
Download or read book Primary Commodities May 1988 written by International Monetary Fund : Commodities Division of the Research Departme nt and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451943105 Total Pages :116 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic and Financial Surveys, Primary Commoditie, 1989 by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book World Economic and Financial Surveys, Primary Commoditie, 1989 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an analysis of the market developments in 1988 with respect to primary commodities and the outlook for these commodities in the near and medium term. Attention is focused on the major nonfuel primary commodities traded in international markets. Movements in the overall price index and in price indices for the major groups of commodities have been mirrored by an inverse movement in stocks of commodities. Beginning-of-year stocks of all nonfuel commodities—measured in terms of months of consumption—increased during the first half of the 1980s and peaked in 1986. Movements in primary commodity prices convey important information in several ways: they signal changes in the major source of export earnings for most developing countries; they indicate changes in a significant component of the cost of producing many manufactured goods; and they may be a helpful leading indicator of changes in inflation in industrial countries. The negotiating groups established for the Uruguay Round met on a number of occasions throughout the year to discuss a wide range of issues.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451943679 Total Pages :116 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis World Econonomic and Financial Surveys, 1988 by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book World Econonomic and Financial Surveys, 1988 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the World Economic Outlook forecasting record for the principal performance indicators for the major industrial countries and corresponding aggregates and for groups of non-oil developing countries. Several criteria were used in evaluating the forecasts: the computation and evaluation of various summary statistics of forecast accuracy, bias, and efficiency; comparisons with alternative forecasts—naive forecasts and forecasts produced by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and by national forecasting agencies; the examination of turning-point errors and forecast performance in defined episodes; and, finally, some attempt to explain forecast error in terms of unanticipated developments in policy variables and oil prices. In judging the forecast performance of the World Economic Outlook, a number of points must be kept in mind. Most important, it has to be recognized that the period since the inception of the World Economic Outlook as a regular forecasting exercise has been extraordinarily rich in economic upheavals, which have made the odds against accurate forecasting formidable.
Book Synopsis Primary Commodities by : International Monetary Fund Staff
Download or read book Primary Commodities written by International Monetary Fund Staff and published by . This book was released on with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Primary Commodities by : International Monetary Fund. Commodities Division
Download or read book Primary Commodities written by International Monetary Fund. Commodities Division and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 1989 World Economic and Financial Surveys by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book 1989 World Economic and Financial Surveys written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper summarizes major measures taken in the international exchange and trade systems in 1988 and developments in exchange arrangements and the evolution of exchange rates. The exchange arrangements adopted by members since 1973 cover a broad spectrum of degrees of flexibility, from single-currency pegs to a freely floating system. Most countries have adopted arrangements that fall clearly into one or another of the major categories of the present classification system adopted by the IMF in 1982, and countries with dual markets usually have one market that is clearly more important than the other, which allows accurate classification by major market. Changes in IMF members' arrangements for their currencies during this decade have shown a distinct tendency to move toward more flexible arrangements and away from single-currency pegs, continuing a trend that began in the mid-1970s. A qualitative sense of the significance of the trend toward more flexible arrangements can be conveyed by the degree that world trade is affected by countries adopting different arrangements.
Book Synopsis 1992 World Economic and Financial Surveys by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book 1992 World Economic and Financial Surveys written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews recent developments in private market financing for developing countries. Bank creditors themselves have been more amenable to restructuring in an environment where secondary market discounts on bank claims were falling significantly below the level of bank provisioning. This has allowed banks to realize substantial book profits by participating in debt operations. Debt conversions have also played a substantial role in reducing commercial bank debt. The pace of such conversions, however, has slowed over the past year in response to lower secondary market discounts on external debt and to a drop in privatization-related conversions. The re-entry to international capital markets by certain middle-income countries that had experienced debt-servicing difficulties gathered momentum over the past year. Total bond issues in international markets by the main re-entrants accounted for over half of issues by developing countries in this period. In contrast to the experience in securities markets, new bank lending to market re-entrants has remained limited and is confined mainly to short-term trade lines or project financing.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :145193890X Total Pages :120 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis 1993 World Economic and Financial Surveys by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book 1993 World Economic and Financial Surveys written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses systematic issues in international finance explained in the International Capital Markets report. The paper describes that the nature and extent of recent banking problems in several industrial countries along with the policy responses to those problems. It is observed that balance sheet problems in banking are widespread among the major industrial countries. The paper also analyses recent activity in the European currency unit bond and exchange markets, and reviews developments in the private financing of developing countries and discusses several issues raised by the recent experience, including the broadening of the investor base for developing country securities, the special role played by regional financial centers in East and Southeast Asia, and the systemic implications of the evolving pattern of developing country financing. A key influence on international capital movements in recent years was the rising international diversification of investment portfolios, which is generally believed to have increased in response to the liberalization of exchange and capital controls in many industrial countries in the 1970s and 1980s.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451943725 Total Pages :140 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic and Financial Surveys by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book World Economic and Financial Surveys written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the functioning of labor markets and to eliminate other structural obstacles to noninflationary growth. The decline in the price level in the home country will involve a rise in the real money supply and, if output is sluggish, this will result in an excess supply of money. This, in turn, will lead to a drop in the domestic interest rate and, given foreign interest rates, to a temporary depreciation of the exchange rate. Structural measures could also affect investment and the current account by raising the rate of return on capital in the home country. If capital is internationally mobile, a higher rate of return on capital would result in a rise in investment and a temporary deterioration in the home country’s current account, which will be financed by an inflow of foreign capital. The quantitative impact of financial market deregulation on the economy is rather uncertain.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :9781557751461 Total Pages :48 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (514 download)
Book Synopsis Primary Commodities by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Primary Commodities written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-09-15 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study prepared by the Commodities Division of the Research Department reviews and analyzes the developments in commodity markets.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451944470 Total Pages :204 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, October 1990 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, October 1990 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper highlights that after several years of rapid expansion that brought many countries to historically high levels of resource utilization, the growth of the world economy is projected to slow to about 2 percent in 1990 from 3 percent in 1989. The global slowdown would reflect a moderation of growth in both industrial and developing countries and a contraction of output in Eastern Europe and in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In 1991, the expansion in world output is expected to pick up to 21⁄2 percent, reflecting stronger growth in developing countries.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :9781557752864 Total Pages :218 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (528 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, May 1993 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, May 1993 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1993-05-30 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Economic Outlook, published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, presents IMF staff economists analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term. Chapters give an overview of the world economy; consider issues affecting industrial countries, developing countries, and economies in transition to market; and address topics of pressing current interest. Annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix augment the text.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451944535 Total Pages :180 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, October 1991 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, October 1991 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper highlights that the growth of world economic activity in 1991 is expected to fall to a scant 1 percent, the lowest in any year since 1982, when the industrial economies were in recession. The slowdown in the expansion of world trade would be considerably more pronounced. Output growth in the industrial countries as a group is expected to average 11⁄4 percent in 1991, reflecting a fall in economic activity in a number of countries. Cyclical divergences among the major countries persisted in the first half of 1991.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451945019 Total Pages :224 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, May 1991 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, May 1991 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper highlights that world economic growth is estimated to have declined from 31⁄4 percent in 1989 to 2 percent in 1990, reflecting a slowdown in the industrial countries and a fall in economic activity in developing countries of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and the Western Hemisphere. The growth of the world economy is expected to decline further in 1991 (to 11⁄4 percent) owing to the weakness of some industrial economies, and to further declines in output in the Middle East and in Eastern Europe.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451939140 Total Pages :68 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, January 1993 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, January 1993 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper highlights that the second part of 1992 has been characterized by flagging consumer and business confidence, weaker-than-expected economic activity—especially in Europe and Japan—and considerable tensions in foreign exchange markets. Despite encouraging signs of increased growth in the United States, these developments have cast new doubts on the prospects for recovery in the industrial world after what has already been two years of weak growth or recession in many countries. The persistent currency turbulence since September 1992 and growing tensions over trade have also contributed to increased uncertainty.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :145194456X Total Pages :196 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, October 1992 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook, October 1992 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper highlights that world economic activity showed signs of revival in the first half of 1992 as some major economies slowly began to emerge from the cyclical downturns of 1990–91. During the next 12 months, world growth is expected to continue to recover at a moderate pace. Following stagnation in 1991, world output is projected to expand by 1 percent in 1992 and by 3 percent in 1993, close to the average growth rate during the past two decades.
