Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Work Incentives At The Extensive And Intensive Margin In Europe
Download Work Incentives At The Extensive And Intensive Margin In Europe full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Work Incentives At The Extensive And Intensive Margin In Europe ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Guaranteed Minimum Income Schemes in Europe: Landscape and Design by : Mr. David Coady
Download or read book Guaranteed Minimum Income Schemes in Europe: Landscape and Design written by Mr. David Coady and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-02 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an overview of the design of means-tested Guaranteed Minimum Income schemes, which constitute an important component of social protection systems in European countries. It discusses how key design features differ across countries, including how countries balance the primary objective of poverty alleviation against the desire to both manage the work disincentives inherent in such programs and contain fiscal cost. The analysis finds a clear trade-off between both concerns in practice, with many countries combining low generosity with low benefit withdrawal rates (BWRs) thus prioritizing employment incentives over the primary objective of poverty alleviation. Many countries can reduce this trade off by combining higher generosity with higher BWRs. Countries with very high BWRs should consider reducing these, including through allowing income disregards and time dependent (rather than income-dependent) benefit withdrawal. The work disincentives associated with higher BWRs can also be attenuated through strengthening complementary activation policies that incentivize and support participation in the labor market.
Book Synopsis Labour Supply and Incentives to Work in Europe by : Ramón Gómez-Salvador
Download or read book Labour Supply and Incentives to Work in Europe written by Ramón Gómez-Salvador and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labour Supply and Incentives to Work in Europe highlights recent developments in the labour supply in Europe and gives a detailed assessment of their link with economic policies and labour market institutions. Despite major changes in European labour supply during the past few decades, the existing literature still lacks a comprehensive study of the relationship between labour supply and labour market institutions from a macro perspective.
Book Synopsis De Gruyter Handbook of Contemporary Welfare States by : Bent Greve
Download or read book De Gruyter Handbook of Contemporary Welfare States written by Bent Greve and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-09-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalisation, regionalisation, new technology, demography, voters’ expectations and re-structuring of societies are expected to influence welfare state development for years to come. This handbook analyses how different welfare state models and regimes will be able to cope with contemporary and future challenges, providing a variety of evidence based tools that make it essential reading for students, researchers and policy makers alike.
Book Synopsis Decent Incomes for All by : Bea Cantillon
Download or read book Decent Incomes for All written by Bea Cantillon and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a decade, organizations such as the IMF, OECD, and the ILO have issued concerns about the trend of increased inequality in rich welfare states, while influential thinkers and think tanks have come to agree on at least one central point: globalization and technological progress have exacerbated the existing inequities in social market economies. Across Europe, despite high social spending and work-related welfare reforms, poverty remains a largely intractable problem for policymakers and the persistent reality for citizens.In Decent Incomes for All, the authors shed new light on recent poverty trends in the European Union and the corresponding responses by European welfare states. They analyze the effect of social and fiscal policies before, during, and after the recent economic crisis and study the impact of alternative policy packages on poverty and inequality. The book also explores how social investment and local initiatives of social innovation can contribute to tackling poverty, while recognizing that there are indeed structural constraints on the increase of the social floor and difficult trade-offs involved in reconciling work and poverty reduction. Differences across countries are, however, stark, which suggests that there are lessons to be learned and policy changes to be applied, if the political will exists.
Book Synopsis The Effective Tax Burden on Highly Qualified Employees by : Christina Elschner
Download or read book The Effective Tax Burden on Highly Qualified Employees written by Christina Elschner and published by Physica. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taxes on the highly skilled are an important cost factor for companies competing internationally for talent. This book provides an international comparison of the effective level of taxes and social security charges imposed on highly qualified employees. Based on a newly developed inter-temporal simulation model, the attractiveness of 7 EU member states, 12 Swiss cantons, and the United States is assessed. Several compensation packages including old-age provision, fringe benefits, and long-term incentives as well as various income levels and family situations are considered in the analysis. The book also contains a comprehensive survey of social security and tax systems in the countries studied.
Book Synopsis Dissecting the Decline in Average Hours Worked in Europe by : Diva Astinova
Download or read book Dissecting the Decline in Average Hours Worked in Europe written by Diva Astinova and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-01-12 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three years after the COVID-19 crisis, employment and total hours worked in Europe fully recovered, but average hours per worker did not. We analyze the decline in average hours worked across European countries and find that (i) it is not cyclical but predominantly structural, extending a long-term trend that predates COVID-19, (ii) it mainly reflects reduced hours within worker groups, not a compositional shift towards lower-hours jobs and workers, (iii) men—particularly those with young children—and youth drive this drop, (iv) declines in actual hours match declines in desired hours. Policy reforms could help involuntary parttimers and women with young children raise their actual hours towards desired levels, but the aggregate impact on average hours would be limited to 0.5 to 1.5 percent. Overall, there is scant evidence of slack at the intensive margin in European labor markets, and the trend fall in average hours worked seems unlikely to reverse.
Book Synopsis Connecting People with Jobs Reaching Out and Activating Inactive and Unemployed Persons in Bulgaria by : OECD
Download or read book Connecting People with Jobs Reaching Out and Activating Inactive and Unemployed Persons in Bulgaria written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report on Bulgaria is the eighth country study published in a series of reports looking into how policies connect people with jobs. It provides a detailed analysis of Bulgaria’s inactive and unemployed population and identifies groups of people who would benefit from measures and services provided by Bulgaria’s Public Employment Service.
Book Synopsis Jobs for the Poor by : Timothy J. Bartik
Download or read book Jobs for the Poor written by Timothy J. Bartik and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2001-06-11 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even as the United States enjoys a booming economy and historically low levels of unemployment, millions of Americans remain out of work or underemployed, and joblessness continues to plague many urban communities, racial minorities, and people with little education. In Jobs for the Poor, Timothy Bartik calls for a dramatic shift in the way the United States confronts this problem. Today, most efforts to address this problem focus on ways to make workers more employable, such as job training and welfare reform. But Bartik argues that the United States should put more emphasis on ways to increase the interest of employers in creating jobs for the poor—or the labor demand side of the labor market. Bartik's bases his case for labor demand policies on a comprehensive review of the low-wage labor market. He examines the effectiveness of government interventions in the labor market, such as Welfare Reform, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and Welfare-to-Work programs, and asks if having a job makes a person more employable. Bartik finds that public service employment and targeted employer wage subsidies can increase employment among the poor. In turn, job experience significantly increases the poor's long-run earnings by enhancing their skills and reputation with employers. And labor demand policies can avoid causing inflation or displacing other workers by targeting high-unemployment labor markets and persons who would otherwise be unemployed. Bartik concludes by proposing a large-scale labor demand program. One component of the program would give a tax credit to employers in areas of high unemployment. To provide disadvantaged workers with more targeted help, Bartik also recommends offering short-term subsidies to employers—particularly small businesses and nonprofit organizations—that hire people who otherwise would be unlikely to find jobs. With experience from subsidized jobs, the new workers should find it easier to obtain future year-round employment. Although these efforts would not catapult poor families into the middle class overnight, Bartik offers a powerful argument that having a full-time worker in every household would help improve the lives of millions. Jobs for the Poor makes a compelling case that full employment can be achieved if the country has the political will and adopts policies that address both sides of the labor market. Copublished with the W. E. Upjohn Institute for Economic Research
Book Synopsis Working Hours and Job Sharing in the EU and USA by : Tito Boeri
Download or read book Working Hours and Job Sharing in the EU and USA written by Tito Boeri and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2008 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do Europeans work so little compared to Americans? Can they be induced to work more without reducing labour productivity? This volume explores these questions and more in order to understand the changing nature of the hours worked in the USA and EU, as well as the effects of policies that impose working hour restrictions.
Book Synopsis The European Social Model under Pressure by : Romana Careja
Download or read book The European Social Model under Pressure written by Romana Careja and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Social Model is at a crossroad. Although from the 1990s onwards, the threat of an imminent crisis shaped much of the rhetoric surrounding the future of the welfare state, disagreement within the academic community remains. What is however increasingly clear is that with the global financial crisis and the Euro crisis that followed it, the challenges the European Social Model faces have become more acute and demand action. This volume launches a multifaceted inquiry into these challenges. Each contribution, written by renowned scholars in their fields, represents an in-depth exploration of issues that cut to the core of current political, economic and social processes. They are an invitation to the seasoned scholars as well as to the beginning students of social sciences, public administration or journalism to engage with, by now, a large body of scholarship, to accompany the authors in their endeavours to seek an explanation to burning questions and start their own inquiries.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy and Employment in Advanced and Emerging Economies by : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Download or read book Fiscal Policy and Employment in Advanced and Emerging Economies written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-06-15 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses tax and expenditure policy reforms to raise employment. Using data for 58 advanced and emerging economies, the paper provides a unified assessment of tax and expenditure measures that have usually been addressed separately. The focus is on incentives to increase labor demand and supply rather than on the impact of fiscal policy on employment through aggregate demand effects. It also discusses policies to improve the matching of labor supply and demand, and the principles which should guide the design of country-specific fiscal reforms to boost employment. A comprehensive set of tables on fiscal policies and labor market outturns for advanced and emerging economies is provided, permitting cross-country comparisons to facilitate the design of reform strategies.
Download or read book European Economy written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 : Total Pages :21 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (2 download)
Book Synopsis Kingdom of the Netherlands–The Netherlands by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Download or read book Kingdom of the Netherlands–The Netherlands written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-04-08 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kingdom of the Netherlands–The Netherlands: Selected Issues
Book Synopsis Stepping Up Venture Capital to Finance Innovation in Europe by : Mr. Nathaniel G Arnold
Download or read book Stepping Up Venture Capital to Finance Innovation in Europe written by Mr. Nathaniel G Arnold and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-07-12 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relative to the US, productivity growth and investment in R&D in lagging in the EU, where it is more difficult to finance and scale up promising, innovative startups. Many of the most successful EU startups move elsewhere for financing, causing the EU to lose out on both the direct growth benefits and positive spillovers from these innovative firms. The EU could nurture innovative startups by accelerating the development of its venture capital (VC) ecosystem. Reducing regulatory frictions, especially ones that deter pensions funds and insurers from investing in VC, combined with well-designed tax incentives for R&D investments could help accelerate the development of the VC sector. These and other key CMU initiatives, such as the consolidation of stock markets and reforming and harmonizing insolvency regimes, will take time. Given the urgency to boost innovation, giving public financial institutions like the European Investment Fund a more active and expanded role in kickstarting VC markets where needed and in familiarizing investors with the VC asset class can be a helpful interim step.
Author :International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484398645 Total Pages :69 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis Republic of Croatia by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Download or read book Republic of Croatia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Article IV Consultation highlights that the economic expansion continues, driven primarily by private consumption and exports of goods and services. Discussions primarily focused on increasing the economy’s flexibility and resilience. Fiscal performance has been strong, however, the materialization of contingent liabilities from government guarantees is likely to reduce the overall surplus. Low public and private investment, and continued emigration appear to weigh on medium-term growth prospects. Downside risks in the near-term stem could be due to possible changes in regional or global economic and financial conditions, and the further realization of contingent liabilities. The IMF staff advocated for a moderately faster fiscal adjustment. The report recommends accelerating the pace of debt reduction that would build fiscal space and help reduce downside risks. The Central Bank may need to address potentially tighter external conditions while continuing with strong bank supervision and macroprudential policies. Additional measures to prevent excessive household borrowing could be considered if needed.
Author :International Labour Organisation Publisher :International Labour Organization ISBN 13 :9789221148395 Total Pages :306 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (483 download)
Book Synopsis Minimum Income Schemes in Europe by : International Labour Organisation
Download or read book Minimum Income Schemes in Europe written by International Labour Organisation and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 2003 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the paradox of rich countries of Western Europe, who have high levels of poverty whilst proclaiming its eradication as one of the primary social and economic goals. It looks at how policies often do not achieve their goals, why countries need mechanisms to reduce wage inequality and why they choose to provide universal benefits instead of systems of selective benefits targeted at the poor. Along with cross-countries comparisons, the volume also presents analysis of the minimum income in France, Portugal, Italy, Finland, Ireland, Belgium, and Greece.
Author :International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1513526235 Total Pages :14 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (135 download)
Book Synopsis Finland by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Download or read book Finland written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper investigates impact of promoting labor supply through tax and benefit reform in Finland. A comprehensive reform of the tax-benefit system could support the government’s objective of increasing employment. The equity-efficiency trade-off of the proposed reform scenarios improves social welfare when using Finland-specific preferences. The Finnish tax and benefit system has served the country well, having supported high income levels alongside low inequality. The model is characterized by strong institutions, high taxes and public service provision, a highly skilled labor force and a generous social safety net. The microsimulation analysis shows that, despite strong redistribution and high-income levels, Finland could improve its tax and benefit system. Even for revenue-neutral reforms, economic gains in terms of labor supply and earnings could be substantial. The reform proposals consider Finland’s strong preferences for equity, while seeking to correct potential inconsistencies in how the tax burden is distributed.
