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Wildfire Effects On Selected Chemical Physical And Microbiological Characteristics Of Soils At Seney National Wildlife Refuge
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Book Synopsis Wildfire Effects on Selected Chemical, Physical, and Microbiological Characteristics of Soils at Seney National Wildlife Refuge by : John Falconi
Download or read book Wildfire Effects on Selected Chemical, Physical, and Microbiological Characteristics of Soils at Seney National Wildlife Refuge written by John Falconi and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Wade Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 26 (thesis year 1981) a total of 11 ,048 theses titles from 24 Canadian and 21 8 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 26 reports theses submitted in 1981, on occasion, certain univer sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Book Synopsis Effects of the 1976 Seney National Wildlife Refuge Wildfire on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat by :
Download or read book Effects of the 1976 Seney National Wildlife Refuge Wildfire on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fire Effects on Soil Properties by : Paulo Pereira
Download or read book Fire Effects on Soil Properties written by Paulo Pereira and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildland fires are occurring more frequently and affecting more of Earth's surface than ever before. These fires affect the properties of soils and the processes by which they form, but the nature of these impacts has not been well understood. Given that healthy soil is necessary to sustain biodiversity, ecosystems and agriculture, the impact of fire on soil is a vital field of research. Fire Effects on Soil Properties brings together current research on the effects of fire on the physical, biological and chemical properties of soil. Written by over 60 international experts in the field, it includes examples from fire-prone areas across the world, dealing with ash, meso and macrofauna, smouldering fires, recurrent fires and management of fire-affected soils. It also describes current best practice methodologies for research and monitoring of fire effects and new methodologies for future research. This is the first time information on this topic has been presented in a single volume and the book will be an important reference for students, practitioners, managers and academics interested in the effects of fire on ecosystems, including soil scientists, geologists, forestry researchers and environmentalists.
Download or read book Effects of Fire on Soil written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soils Under Fire by : Heather E. Erickson
Download or read book Soils Under Fire written by Heather E. Erickson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils are fundamental to a healthy and functioning ecosystem. Therefore, forest land managers can greatly benefit from a more thorough understanding of the ecological impacts of fire and fuel management activities on the vital services soils provide. We present a summary of new research on fire effects and soils made possible through the Joint Fire Science Program and highlight management implications where applicable. Some responses were consistent across sites, whereas others were unique and may not easily be extrapolated to other sites. Selected findings include (1) postfire soil water repellency is most likely to occur in areas of high burn severity and is closely related to surface vegetation; (2) although wildfire has the potential to decrease the amount of carbon stored in soils, major changes in land use, such as conversion from forest to grasslands, present a much greater threat to carbon storage; (3) prescribed fires, which tend to burn less severely than wildfires and oftentimes have minor effects on soils, may nonetheless decrease species richness of certain types of fungi; and (4) early season prescribed burns tend to have less impact than late season burns on soil organisms, soil carbon, and other soil properties.
Book Synopsis Wildfire Impacts on Soil Carbon Pools and Microbial Communities in Mixed-conifer Forests of California by : Jaron Adkins
Download or read book Wildfire Impacts on Soil Carbon Pools and Microbial Communities in Mixed-conifer Forests of California written by Jaron Adkins and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest ecosystems are important reservoirs for long term carbon (C) storage. Forests of the western United States account for 20-40% of total U.S. carbon C sequestration, and nearly half of the total C in these forests is stored in soil. However, many forests in the western U.S are experiencing wildfire conditions that diverge from historical fire regimes. Prior to Euro-American settlement, California's mixed-conifer forests typically experienced frequent surface fires of low to moderate burn severity, but, due to the combined effects of altered forest structure and climate change, now experience fires that are larger and more severe than historical conditions. Fires have numerous direct and indirect effects on the soil biological, chemical, and physical characteristics that influence the soil C cycle. Understanding how altered soil characteristics influence the cycling and persistence of soil C, and how they vary with severity, is important for managing forests for C storage and for predicting fire-climate feedbacks. My dissertation work incorporates observational and manipulative experiments to understand the direct and indirect effects of burn severity on soil C cycling and microbial communities over the short to intermediate term, with a particular focus on the distribution of soil C between active and slow cycling pools. Soil C can be conceptualized as discrete pools of variable persistence in soil. The active C pool is quickly decomposed, contributing to the return of CO2 to the atmosphere, whereas the non-active C pool is more stable and contributes to long term C storage. I leveraged a burn severity gradient resulting from a wildfire in a California mixed-conifer forest to determine the structure and kinetics of these C pools at an intermediate time point in post-fire recovery (i.e. three years). I found that the size of the non-active C pool was smaller in burned areas than unburned areas, and the kinetic rate of the non-active C pool was negatively related to burn severity. I also characterized the soil microbial communities across this severity gradient and identified the environmental characteristics responsible for differences. I found that fungal-to-bacterial ratio and oligotroph-to-copiotroph bacteria ratio decreased with burn severity, and these effects were driven by differences in live and dead tree basal area, soil nutrients, and pH. Leveraging another burn severity gradient, I then determined whether differences in microbial communities and soil C pools were related one-year post-fire in a mixed-conifer forest. I again found lower non-active C pool kinetic rates, and higher abundances of copiotrophic bacteria in burned compared to unburned areas. Differences in soil C pool kinetics were related to tree basal area, soil nutrients, and bacterial communities.I determined the short-term impacts of fire on soil C pools and cycling using lab experiments in which I manipulated soil heating intensity and pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) additions. I found that high intensity soil heating can decrease microbial biomass C (MBC) accumulation, whereas PyOM had minimal effects on MBC in the short-term. Finally, I found that the size of the active C pool increased with soil heating intensity, while the kinetic rate of the non-active C pool decreased; PyOM primarily increased the size of the non-active C pool. Taken as a whole, my research suggests that fire induces short-term soil C losses by increasing the size of the active C pool, but, over the intermediate-term, residual soil C is more persistent. Fire severity is predicted to increase globally throughout the 21st century, and my research contributes to understanding how forest C storage will be affected by disrupted wildfire regimes.
Book Synopsis Effects of the 1976 Seney National Wildlife Refuge Wildfire on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitats by :
Download or read book Effects of the 1976 Seney National Wildlife Refuge Wildfire on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitats written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fire Effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies by : A Cerda
Download or read book Fire Effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies written by A Cerda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-01-05 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been published a decade after Fires Effects on Ecosystems by DeBano, Neary, and Folliott (1998), and builds on their foundation to update knowledge on natural post-fire processes and describe the use and effectiveness of various restoration strategies that may be applied when human intervention is warranted. The chapters in this book,
Book Synopsis The Effects of Fire on Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in a Mesquite-tobosagrass Community by : Terry Lee Whigham
Download or read book The Effects of Fire on Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in a Mesquite-tobosagrass Community written by Terry Lee Whigham and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Wildfire on Soil Wettability in the High Cascades of Oregon by : C. T. Dyrness
Download or read book Effect of Wildfire on Soil Wettability in the High Cascades of Oregon written by C. T. Dyrness and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Summary-review of the Effects of Fire on the Soil Environment by : P. F. Clinnick
Download or read book A Summary-review of the Effects of Fire on the Soil Environment written by P. F. Clinnick and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Potential Impacts of Wildfires on Soil and Water Chemistry in the San Gabriel Mountains, California by : Supasiri Rittiron
Download or read book Potential Impacts of Wildfires on Soil and Water Chemistry in the San Gabriel Mountains, California written by Supasiri Rittiron and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increase in contaminants in soil caused by wildfires is poorly understood, despite it being a significant source of pollutants to receiving waters and reservoirs (Abraham et al., 2017). This study assesses the potential longer-term impacts of a small-scale wildfire that occurred in September 2018 on soil and leachate chemistry in the San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles County, California. Soils were collected from five sites within the burned and unburned areas in March 2019, following the post-fire runoff, for sediment and total element analyses. Batch leaching tests were conducted at different temperatures to determine the extent of size partitioning and mobilization of the major (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, and Fe) and minor/trace (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, and As) elements in order to understand solute transport as a result of changes in chemical bonding and physical characteristics of the soils. The results showed that burned soils were relatively finer than the unburned soils. For soil chemistry, the burned and unburned soils had similar composition of major and minor elements with the average range of the four interested minor elements being between 105 and 1,250 ppm, except As (4 ppm). Nevertheless, the batch leaching tests showed burned soils had significantly higher concentrations for some elements (e.g. Mg and Ca by more than six-fold and sevenfold, respectively, compared to that of the unburned soils within four-week period). These results potentially imply that size partitioning and the rate of the elements released into the water, could be impacted. Chromium amended experiments showed the opposite trend with Cr(VI) concentrations decreasing over time for both burned and non-burned soils. The was likely due to sorption of Cr(VI). These results would be valuable for predicting the fate of the contaminants and broader impacts could also include more effective pre- and post-fire mitigation plans.
Book Synopsis Belowground Biodiversity Following Herbicide Application Post Wildfire by : Tanner Scott Hoffman
Download or read book Belowground Biodiversity Following Herbicide Application Post Wildfire written by Tanner Scott Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent increases in wildfire occurrence and non-native plant invasion have led to unique opportunities to study the impacts of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the soil microbiome. Our aim was to understand responses of the soil microbial diversity and function to the application of herbicide immediately post wildfire in a sagebrush steppe/mixed grass prairie ecosystem. Sites were selected for soil sampling representing burned and unburned ecosystems across the Mullen wildfire impacted area that were either treated or not treated with indaziflam, a pre-emergent cellulose biosynthesis inhibiting herbicide. A variety of soil analyses were done to compliment a vegetation surveying effort by the USDA Forest Service to observe the effectiveness of this herbicide and measure any unintended consequences on native vegetation. We performed amplicon sequencing and phospholipid fatty acid analysis to capture soil microbial diversity and biomass of bacteria and fungi, extracellular enzyme assays for microbial functional traits, and soil available nutrients to measure potential changes in the soil conditions. Results indicate increased enzymatic activity two months following herbicide application, with activities dropping off to pre-treatment levels the following year. Changes in fungal community composition were correlated with herbicide application, but bacteria were not. Overall, our results suggest that indaziflam application post wildfire has minimal, short-lived effects on soil microbial function, does not seem to strongly affect soil microbial community composition, and has little to no effect on soil chemical properties. Given our results that showed changes in fungal community structure, further research on indaziflam’s impact on fungi should be done.
Book Synopsis Shifts in Microbial Community Structure as a Result of a Wildfire in the New Jersey Pinelands by : Robyn Ann Mikita
Download or read book Shifts in Microbial Community Structure as a Result of a Wildfire in the New Jersey Pinelands written by Robyn Ann Mikita and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the threat of wildfires in the United States increases due to global warming, understanding their effects on the soil biological community becomes central to recovery efforts. Therefore, it is important to study microbial community dynamics in forest soils impacted by fires from the view of elucidating how the new state compares with the original state of the microbial community. For this study, wildfires were hypothesized to cause a shift in the microbial community structure with dominant microbes being those best capable of responding to changes in their environment caused by the perturbation. The objectives of this research were to examine the recovery of the forest soil microbial communities after a wildfire and to investigate the state of the communities more than two years post-fire. After a wildfire occurred in the New Jersey Pinelands in 2007, soil samples were collected from the organic and mineral layers of two severely burned sites and an unburned control site over the span of two years following the fire. Microbial community composition was evaluated by principal component analysis and multivariate analysis of variance of molecular fingerprint data for bacterial, archaeal, and fungal-specific amplicons from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The bacterial communities in the samples collected from 2 and 5 months following the fire clustered separately from those collected 13 and 17 months post-fire in two-dimensional space, indicating that the soil bacterial community structure changed with time following the fire. Deeper evaluation of the bacterial, archaeal, and fungal community patterns revealed that even though there were common bands between the unburned and the severely burned samples, the community structure of the samples from the unburned site grouped separately from those of the severely burned sites collected 2, 13, and 25 months post-fire. Generally, the microbial community composition in the unburned samples did not change significantly over two years. These data support the hypothesis that the soil microbial community was selected by both the direct and indirect effects associated with the wildfire in the initial two years after the perturbation. Rather than return to the predisturbance state, the soil microbial communities may reflect an alternate state two years following the fire.
Download or read book Wildland Fire in Ecosystems written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-knowledge review about the effects of fire on soils and water can assist land and fire managers with information on the physical, chemical, and biological effects of fire needed to successfully conduct ecosystem management, and effectively inform others about the role and impacts of wildland fire. Chapter topics include the soil resource, soil physical properties and fire, soil chemistry effects, soil biology responses, the hydrologic cycle and water resources, water quality, aquatic biology, fire effects on wetland and riparian systems, fire effects models, and watershed rehabilitation.
Book Synopsis Effects of Fire in the Northern Great Plains by : Kenneth F. Higgins
Download or read book Effects of Fire in the Northern Great Plains written by Kenneth F. Higgins and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
