Why Shadow Banking Didnt Cause The Financial Crisis

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Why Shadow Banking Didn’t Cause the Financial Crisis

Author : Norbert J. Michel
Publisher : Cato Institute
ISBN 13 : 1952223474
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Shadow Banking Didn’t Cause the Financial Crisis by : Norbert J. Michel

Download or read book Why Shadow Banking Didn’t Cause the Financial Crisis written by Norbert J. Michel and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2023-01-17 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most American adults easily recognize the following description of the 2008 financial crisis. Unregulated Wall Street firms (so-called shadow banks) made too many risky bets with derivatives, causing the housing bubble to burst. The contagious run through the financial system was only stopped by bailouts from the federal government and major regulatory changes. But what if the record demonstrates that the core of this story is misleading and that the resulting regulations are misguided? Now, almost 15 years later, the Biden administration is using this same story to promote more regulations for money market mutual funds (a key part of the supposedly dangerous shadow banking system) and even to justify allowing only federally insured banks to issue stablecoins (a type of cryptocurrency that didn’t exist in 2008). But most of the post-2008 regulatory efforts were concentrated in the traditional banking sector—not the shadow banking sector—which warrants skepticism toward the conventional story of the 2008 crisis and any new regulations based on that story. This book explores the main problems with the conventional story about the 2008 crisis and explains why it does not justify expanding bank-like regulations throughout financial markets to mitigate systemic risks.

Shadow Banking and Its Role in the Financial Crisis

Author : Devin A. Jenkins
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781620817032
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Shadow Banking and Its Role in the Financial Crisis by : Devin A. Jenkins

Download or read book Shadow Banking and Its Role in the Financial Crisis written by Devin A. Jenkins and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shadow banking refers to bank-like financial activities that are conducted outside the traditional commercial banking system, many of which are unregulated or lightly regulated. Many of the activities performed within the shadow banking system take funds from savers and investors and ultimately provide them to borrowers. Within this broad definition are investment banks, finance companies, money market funds, hedge funds, special purpose entities, and other vehicles that aggregate and hold financial assets. These entities are critical players in the markets for securitised products, structured products, commercial paper, asset-backed commercial paper, repurchase agreements, and derivatives. The activities of these firms financed substantial economic activity, albeit indirectly. This book examines the nature and scope of the shadowing banking system and its role in the financial crisis.

Shadow Banking and Market Discipline on Traditional Banks

Author : Mr.Anil Ari
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484335376
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Shadow Banking and Market Discipline on Traditional Banks by : Mr.Anil Ari

Download or read book Shadow Banking and Market Discipline on Traditional Banks written by Mr.Anil Ari and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-12-22 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a model in which shadow banking arises endogenously and undermines market discipline on traditional banks. Depositors' ability to re-optimize in response to crises imposes market discipline on traditional banks: these banks optimally commit to a safe portfolio strategy to prevent early withdrawals. With costly commitment, shadow banking emerges as an alternative banking strategy that combines high risk-taking with early liquidation in times of crisis. We bring the model to bear on the 2008 financial crisis in the United States, during which shadow banks experienced a sudden dry-up of funding and liquidated their assets. We derive an equilibrium in which the shadow banking sector expands to a size where its liquidation causes a fire-sale and exposes traditional banks to liquidity risk. Higher deposit rates in compensation for liquidity risk also weaken threats of early withdrawal and traditional banks pursue risky portfolios that may leave them in default. Policy interventions aimed at making traditional banks safer such as liquidity support, bank regulation and deposit insurance fuel further expansion of shadow banking but have a net positive impact on financial stability. Financial stability can also be achieved with a tax on shadow bank profits.

The Shadow Banking System

Author : Valerio Lemma
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137496134
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis The Shadow Banking System by : Valerio Lemma

Download or read book The Shadow Banking System written by Valerio Lemma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book shows the fundaments of the shadow banking system and its entities, operations and risks. Focusing on the regulatory aspects, it provides an original view that is able to demonstrate that the lack of supervision is a market failure.

Shadow Banking and Its Role in the Financial Crisis

Author : Devin A. Jenkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781620817353
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Shadow Banking and Its Role in the Financial Crisis by : Devin A. Jenkins

Download or read book Shadow Banking and Its Role in the Financial Crisis written by Devin A. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shadow banking refers to bank-like financial activities that are conducted outside the traditional commercial banking system, many of which are unregulated or lightly regulated. Many of the activities performed within the shadow banking system take funds from savers and investors and ultimately provide them to borrowers. Within this broad definition are investment banks, finance companies, money market funds, hedge funds, special purpose entities, and other vehicles that aggregate and hold financial assets. These entities are critical players in the markets for securitized products, structured products, commercial paper, asset-backed commercial paper, repurchase agreements, and derivatives. The activities of these firms financed substantial economic activity, albeit indirectly. This book examines the nature and scope of the shadowing banking system and its role in the financial crisis.

The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report

Author : Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
Publisher : Cosimo, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1616405414
Total Pages : 692 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (164 download)

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Book Synopsis The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report by : Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission

Download or read book The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report written by Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission and published by Cosimo, Inc.. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.

The Growth of Shadow Banking

Author : Matthias Thiemann
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107161983
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Growth of Shadow Banking by : Matthias Thiemann

Download or read book The Growth of Shadow Banking written by Matthias Thiemann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By analyzing the growth and regulation of shadow banking activities by large banks in Western Europe and the US, this book illuminates how the evolution of finance, driven by structural pressures and financial innovations, is crucially mediated through state-finance interactions on the meaning of rules and the need to comply.

Shadow Banking Within and Across National Borders

Author : Stijn Claessens
Publisher : World Scientific Studies in International Economics
ISBN 13 : 9789814602709
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Shadow Banking Within and Across National Borders by : Stijn Claessens

Download or read book Shadow Banking Within and Across National Borders written by Stijn Claessens and published by World Scientific Studies in International Economics. This book was released on 2014-12-30 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generally thought to be an under-regulated sector, the shadow banking system has been identified as having a significant role in the recent global financial crisis. In recent years, it has also been growing rapidly in emerging markets. Yet, little is known about its size, scope and operations; nor its benefits and costs to society. Shadow Banking Within and Across National Borders consists of a proceedings of a conference held at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, in November 2013. Edited by Stijn Claessens, Douglas Evanoff, George Kaufman and Luc Laeven, this volume brings together leading industry scholars to examine various aspects of the shadow banking system. The contributors of this volume debate issues which include defining and quantifying shadow banking; the causes of the development of the sector; its role in the recent financial crisis; the implications for financial stability; the social benefits of the sector; the associated challenges for financial supervision and regulation; and alternative policy options to address problems created by the sector.

Misunderstanding Financial Crises

Author : Gary B. Gorton
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199986886
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Misunderstanding Financial Crises by : Gary B. Gorton

Download or read book Misunderstanding Financial Crises written by Gary B. Gorton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-02 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before 2007, economists thought that financial crises would never happen again in the United States, that such upheavals were a thing of the past. Gary B. Gorton, a prominent expert on financial crises, argues that economists fundamentally misunderstand what they are, why they occur, and why there were none in the U.S. from 1934 to 2007. Misunderstanding Financial Crises offers a back-to-basics overview of financial crises, and shows that they are not rare, idiosyncratic events caused by a perfect storm of unconnected factors. Instead, Gorton shows how financial crises are, indeed, inherent to our financial system. Economists, Gorton writes, looked from a certain point of view and missed everything that was important: the evolution of capital markets and the banking system, the existence of new financial instruments, and the size of certain money markets like the sale and repurchase market. Comparing the so-called "Quiet Period" of 1934 to 2007, when there were no systemic crises, to the "Panic of 2007-2008," Gorton ties together key issues like bank debt and liquidity, credit booms and manias, moral hazard, and too-big-too-fail--all to illustrate the true causes of financial collapse. He argues that the successful regulation that prevented crises since 1934 did not adequately keep pace with innovation in the financial sector, due in part to the misunderstandings of economists, who assured regulators that all was well. Gorton also looks forward to offer both a better way for economists to think about markets and a description of the regulation necessary to address the future threat of financial disaster.

Taming the Megabanks

Author : Arthur E. Wilmarth Jr
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190260718
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Taming the Megabanks by : Arthur E. Wilmarth Jr

Download or read book Taming the Megabanks written by Arthur E. Wilmarth Jr and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Banks were allowed to enter securities markets and become universal banks during two periods in the past century - the 1920s and the late 1990s. Both times, universal banks made high-risk loans and packaged them into securities that were sold as safe investments to poorly-informed investors. Both times, universal banks promoted unsustainable booms that led to destructive busts - the Great Depression of the early 1930s and the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-09. Both times, governments were forced to arrange costly bailouts of universal banks. Congress passed the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 in response to the Great Depression. The Act broke up universal banks and established a decentralized financial system composed of three separate and independent sectors: banking, securities, and insurance. That system was stable and successful for over four decades until the big-bank lobby persuaded regulators to open loopholes in Glass-Steagall during the 1980s and convinced Congress to repeal it in 1999. Congress did not adopt a new Glass-Steagall Act after the Global Financial Crisis. Instead, Congress passed the Dodd-Frank Act. Dodd-Frank's highly technical reforms tried to make banks safer but left in place a dangerous financial system dominated by universal banks. Universal banks continue to pose unacceptable risks to financial stability and economic and social welfare. They exert far too much influence over our political and regulatory systems because of their immense size and their undeniable "too-big-to-fail" status. In Taming the Megabanks, Arthur Wilmarth argues that we must again separate banks from securities markets to avoid another devastating financial crisis and ensure that our financial system serves Main Street business firms and consumers instead of Wall Street bankers and speculators. Wilmarth's comprehensive and detailed analysis demonstrates that a new Glass-Steagall Act would make our financial system much more stable and less likely to produce boom-and-bust cycles. Giant universal banks would no longer dominate our financial system or receive enormous subsidies. A more decentralized and competitive financial system would encourage banks and securities firms to fulfill their proper roles as servants - not masters - of Main Street businesses and consumers.

Shadow Banking and Financial Instability

Author : Adair Turner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (785 download)

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Book Synopsis Shadow Banking and Financial Instability by : Adair Turner

Download or read book Shadow Banking and Financial Instability written by Adair Turner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a speech to the CASS Business School the Chairman of the Financial Services Authority (FSA), Lord Turner, set out how the 'shadow banking' sector contributed to the financial crisis, the risks it still poses to financial stability and the importance of a sufficiently comprehensive and radical policy response. He highlighted that the 2007-08 financial crisis was not one simply caused by high street banks but one where shadow banking activities played a major role. He described how the shadow banking sector is not simply a standalone system running parallel to the regular banking system but is linked to the banking system in complex and difficult to discern ways that can make the whole system less stable. He stressed that major reforms had been put in place in the wake of the crisis for 'normal' banks including increased capital and liquidity requirements and better supervision, but said there had yet to be a similar response to the 'shadow' sector and that this needed to be addressed urgently. Lord Turner described shadow banking as covering multiple specific institutions and activities including securitised lending, hedge funds active in credit markets, investment bank trading of credit securities, the issuance of asset backed commercial paper and the 'repo' market. He set out how money could move through the system in long and complex chains which in combination performed the same role as banks, which involved the same risks, but which fell outside the framework of controls with which regulators seek to make the banking system safe.

Financial Crises Explanations, Types, and Implications

Author : Mr.Stijn Claessens
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475561008
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis Financial Crises Explanations, Types, and Implications by : Mr.Stijn Claessens

Download or read book Financial Crises Explanations, Types, and Implications written by Mr.Stijn Claessens and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the literature on financial crises focusing on three specific aspects. First, what are the main factors explaining financial crises? Since many theories on the sources of financial crises highlight the importance of sharp fluctuations in asset and credit markets, the paper briefly reviews theoretical and empirical studies on developments in these markets around financial crises. Second, what are the major types of financial crises? The paper focuses on the main theoretical and empirical explanations of four types of financial crises—currency crises, sudden stops, debt crises, and banking crises—and presents a survey of the literature that attempts to identify these episodes. Third, what are the real and financial sector implications of crises? The paper briefly reviews the short- and medium-run implications of crises for the real economy and financial sector. It concludes with a summary of the main lessons from the literature and future research directions.

Black Box Casino

Author : Robert Stowe England
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313392900
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Box Casino by : Robert Stowe England

Download or read book Black Box Casino written by Robert Stowe England and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2011-09-12 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This cautionary tale explains how the murky and complex world of mortgage finance caused a global market meltdown—and offers new insights on how to create a stronger world of banking and mortgage finance. Years after the economic crisis of the late 2000s, Americans still want to know what went wrong—and why. Black Box Casino: How Wall Street's Risky Shadow Banking Crashed Global Finance provides an accurate and understandable explanation, compiling and interpreting mountains of evidence to provide clear analysis and insight into the crisis that traumatized people and institutions around the globe. The book provides a thorough, in-depth examination of the multiple contributing factors. The author goes back as far as 15 years before the crisis to show how the well-intentioned idea of providing home ownership prompted a government led effort to steadily weaken credit standards. He assigns partial blame on regulators that were unaware of growing levels of risk, ignored mounting evidence of a housing bubble, and failed to grasp the unintended consequences of certain regulations. The origins of the overload of subprime collateralized debt obligations that led to concentrated risks on the balance sheets of many large banks around the world are also explained.

Firefighting

Author : Ben S. Bernanke
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0143134485
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Firefighting by : Ben S. Bernanke

Download or read book Firefighting written by Ben S. Bernanke and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Should be required reading for all policy makers.” —Warren Buffett From the three primary architects of the American policy response to the worst economic catastrophe since the Great Depression, a magnificent big-picture synthesis--from why it happened to where we are now. In 2018, Ben Bernanke, Tim Geithner, and Hank Paulson came together to reflect on the lessons of the 2008 financial crisis ten years on. Recognizing that, as Ben put it, "the enemy is forgetting," they examine the causes of the crisis, why it was so damaging, and what it ultimately took to prevent a second Great Depression. And they provide to their successors in the United States and the finance ministers and central bank governors of other countries a valuable playbook for reducing the damage from future financial crises. Firefighting provides a candid and powerful account of the choices they and their teams made during the crisis, working under two presidents and with the leaders of Congress.

Fool's Gold

Author : Gillian Tett
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 9781439100752
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Fool's Gold by : Gillian Tett

Download or read book Fool's Gold written by Gillian Tett and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-05-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From award-winning Financial Times journalist Gillian Tett, who enraged Wall Street leaders with her news-breaking warnings of a crisis more than a year ahead of the curve, Fool’s Gold tells the astonishing unknown story at the heart of the 2008 meltdown. Drawing on exclusive access to J.P. Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon and a tightly bonded team of bankers known on Wall Street as the “Morgan Mafia,” as well as in-depth interviews with dozens of other key players, including Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, Tett brings to life in gripping detail how the Morgan team’s bold ideas for a whole new kind of financial alchemy helped to ignite a revolution in banking, and how that revolution escalated wildly out of control. The deeply reported and lively narrative takes readers behind the scenes, to the inner sanctums of elite finance and to the secretive reaches of what came to be known as the “shadow banking” world. The story begins with the intense Morgan brainstorming session in 1994 beside a pool in Boca Raton, where the team cooked up a dazzling new idea for the exotic financial product known as credit derivatives. That idea would rip around the banking world, catapult Morgan to the top of the turbocharged derivatives trade, and fuel an extraordinary banking boom that seemed to have unleashed banks from ages-old constraints of risk. But when the Morgan team’s derivatives dream collided with the housing boom, and was perverted—through hubris, delusion, and sheer greed—by titans of banking that included Citigroup, UBS, Deutsche Bank, and the thundering herd at Merrill Lynch—even as J.P. Morgan itself stayed well away from the risky concoctions others were peddling—catastrophe followed. Tett’s access to Dimon and the J.P. Morgan leaders who so skillfully steered their bank away from the wild excesses of others sheds invaluable light not only on the untold story of how they engineered their bank’s escape from carnage but also on how possible it was for the larger banking world, regulators, and rating agencies to have spotted, and heeded, the terrible risks of a meltdown. A tale of blistering brilliance and willfully blind ambition, Fool’s Gold is both a rare journey deep inside the arcane and wildly competitive world of high finance and a vital contribution to understanding how the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression was perpetrated.

Monetary Policy and the Housing Bubble

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437985297
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Monetary Policy and the Housing Bubble by :

Download or read book Monetary Policy and the Housing Bubble written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Changing Nature of Financial Intermediation and the Financial Crisis of 2007-09

Author : Tobias Adrian
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437930905
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Changing Nature of Financial Intermediation and the Financial Crisis of 2007-09 by : Tobias Adrian

Download or read book Changing Nature of Financial Intermediation and the Financial Crisis of 2007-09 written by Tobias Adrian and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. The financial crisis of 2007-09 highlighted the changing role of financial institutions and the growing importance of the ¿shadow banking system,¿ which grew out of the securitization of assets and the integration of banking with capital market developments. In a market-based financial system, banking and capital market developments are inseparable, and funding conditions are tied closely to fluctuations in the leverage of market-based financial intermediaries. This report describes the changing nature of financial intermediation in the market-based financial system, charts the course of the recent financial crisis, and outlines the policy responses that have been implemented by the Fed. Reserve and other central banks. Charts and tables.