Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined In Industrialized Countries Implications For Pedestrians And Vehicle Occupants

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Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries?

Author : Elizabeth Kopits
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? by : Elizabeth Kopits

Download or read book Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? written by Elizabeth Kopits and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to pedestrian fatalities, occupant fatalities do not show a significant decline with income. What does explain declines in occupant fatalities per VKT are reductions in alcohol abuse and improved medical services, and a reduction in young drivers. The importance of demographic factors suggests that in countries where young persons (between 15 and 24 years of age) comprise an increasing share of the driving population, adopting policies to improve young driver education and reduce speeds will be crucial."

Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants

Author : Elizabeth Kopits
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants by : Elizabeth Kopits

Download or read book Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants written by Elizabeth Kopits and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines whether the relationship between traffic fatalities and per capita income is the same for different classes of road users and investigates the factors underlying the decline in fatalities per vehicle kilometer traveled (VKT) observed in high-income countries over recent decades. Formal models of traffic fatalities are developed for vehicle occupants and pedestrians. Reduced-form approximations to these models are estimated using panel data for 32 high-income countries over 1964-2002. The results suggest that the downward-sloping portion of the curve relating traffic fatalities per capita to per capita income is due primarily to improved pedestrian safety. The more detailed models shed light on some factors influencing pedestrian fatalities per VKT, but much of the reduction in pedestrian fatalities remains unexplained. Increased motorization and a reduction in the proportion of young drivers in the population, however, clearly played a role. In contrast to pedestrian fatalities, occupant fatalities do not show a significant decline with income. What does explain declines in occupant fatalities per VKT are reductions in alcohol abuse and improved medical services, and a reduction in young drivers. The importance of demographic factors suggests that in countries where young persons (between 15 and 24 years of age) comprise an increasing share of the driving population, adopting policies to improve young driver education and reduce speeds will be crucial.

World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention

Author : Marjorie Peden
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437904068
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention by : Marjorie Peden

Download or read book World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention written by Marjorie Peden and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in the hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. This report presents a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors -- including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society -- have worked to produce the report. Charts and tables.

The Injury Chart Book

Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 924156220X
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis The Injury Chart Book by :

Download or read book The Injury Chart Book written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2002 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication seeks to provide a global overview of the nature and extent of injury mortality and morbidity in the form of user-friendly tables and charts. It is hoped that the graphical representation of the main patterns of the burden of disease due to injury will raise awareness of the importance of injuries as a public health issue and facilitate the implementation of effective prevention programs.

Issues of the Day

Author : Ian W. H. Parry
Publisher : Earthscan
ISBN 13 : 193633125X
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (363 download)

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Book Synopsis Issues of the Day by : Ian W. H. Parry

Download or read book Issues of the Day written by Ian W. H. Parry and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2010 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues of the Day provides an easy way for students, academics, journalists, policymakers, and the public to learn about a diverse range of policy issues affecting the environment, energy, transportation, and public health. Each commentary gives a short assessment of a topic, summarizing in a non-technical way the current state of analysis or evidence on the issue, along with selected recommendations for further reading. The essays are written by world renowned scholars, mostly economists, and provide useful insights on policy problems that are often complex and poorly understood. Some of the topics covered include air pollution, hazardous waste, voluntary environmental programs, domestic (U.S.) and global climate policy design, fishery management, water quality, endangered species, forest fires, oil security, solar power, road and airport, fuel taxes and fuel economy standards, alternative fuel vehicles, health and longevity, smoking, malaria, tuberculosis, and the environment and development. The objective is to disseminate the findings of sound, objective research on the costs, benefits, and appropriate reform of public policies. The book provides a useful supplement for undergraduate- and graduate-level course reading, a reference guide for professionals, and a way for the general reader to quickly develop an informed perspective on the most important policy problems of the day. Issues of the Day is available to download as a PDF from the Resources for the Future website: www.rff.org/weeklycommentary

Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241565063
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Global status report on road safety 2015, reflecting information from 180 countries, indicates that worldwide the total number of road traffic deaths has plateaued at 1.25 million per year, with the highest road traffic fatality rates in low-income countries. In the last three years, 17 countries have aligned at least one of their laws with best practice on seat-belts, drink-driving, speed, motorcycle helmets or child restraints. While there has been progress towards improving road safety legislation and in making vehicles safer, the report shows that the pace of change is too slow. Urgent action is needed to achieve the ambitious target for road safety reflected in the newly adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: halving the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020. Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies, this report is the third in the series, and provides a snapshot of the road safety situation globally, highlighting the gaps and the measures needed to best drive progress."--Publisher's description.

Forensic DNA Typing

Author : John M. Butler
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080470610
Total Pages : 679 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Forensic DNA Typing by : John M. Butler

Download or read book Forensic DNA Typing written by John M. Butler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-02-08 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic DNA Typing, Second Edition, is the only book available that specifically covers detailed information on mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome. It examines the science of current forensic DNA typing methods by focusing on the biology, technology, and genetic interpretation of short tandem repeat (STR) markers, which encompass the most common forensic DNA analysis methods used today. The book covers topics from introductory level right up to cutting edge research. High-profile cases are addressed throughout the text, near the sections dealing with the science or issues behind these cases. Ten new chapters have been added to accommodate the explosion of new information since the turn of the century. These additional chapters cover statistical genetic analysis of DNA data, an emerging field of interest to DNA research. Several chapters on statistical analysis of short tandem repeat (STR) typing data have been contributed by Dr. George Carmody, a well-respected professor in forensic genetics. Specific examples make the concepts of population genetics more understandable. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in forensic DNA analysis, forensic scientists, population geneticists, military and private and public forensic laboratories (for identifying individuals through remains), and students of forensic science. *The only book available that specifically covers detailed information on mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome*Chapters cover the topic from introductory level right up to "cutting edge" research*High-profile cases are addressed throughout the book, near the sections dealing with the science or issues behind these cases*NEW TO THIS EDITION: D.N.A. Boxes--boxed "Data, Notes & Applications" sections throughout the book offer higher levels of detail on specific questions

Key Issues in Trade Facilitation

Author : Jayanta Roy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Key Issues in Trade Facilitation by : Jayanta Roy

Download or read book Key Issues in Trade Facilitation written by Jayanta Roy and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade facilitation reforms require a large volume of technical assistance for national capacity building. To facilitate what these reforms entail and what can be learned from cross-country experiences, the EU and the World Bank organized two workshops in Dhaka (South Asian countries) and Shanghai (East Asian countries) in 2004. Jointly they succeeded in bringing together renowned experts from multilateral organizations, selected bilateral donor community, the private sector, ex civil servants, and scholars. The participants were largely drawn from the relevant government departments and chambers of commerce and industry. This paper summarizes the main presentations in the workshops. It also indicates the areas that need more focus in future events. The paper should serve as a reference document for national policymakers and for future seminars and workshops on trade facilitation. It has also linked the presentations to the ongoing research work on trade facilitation."

World Report on Child Injury Prevention

Author : M. M. Peden
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241563575
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis World Report on Child Injury Prevention by : M. M. Peden

Download or read book World Report on Child Injury Prevention written by M. M. Peden and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child injuries are largely absent from child survival initiatives presently on the global agenda. Through this report, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund and many partners have set out to elevate child injury to a priority for the global public health and development communities. It should be seen as a complement to the UN Secretary-General's study on violence against children released in late 2006 (that report addressed violence-related or intentional injuries). Both reports suggest that child injury and violence prevention programs need to be integrated into child survival and other broad strategies focused on improving the lives of children. Evidence demonstrates the dramatic successes in child injury prevention in countries which have made a concerted effort. These results make a case for increasing investments in human resources and institutional capacities. Implementing proven interventions could save more than a thousand children's lives a day.--p. vii.

Achieving Traffic Safety Goals in the United States

Author : National Academies (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Traffic Safety Lessons from Benchmark Nations
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309160650
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Achieving Traffic Safety Goals in the United States by : National Academies (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Traffic Safety Lessons from Benchmark Nations

Download or read book Achieving Traffic Safety Goals in the United States written by National Academies (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Traffic Safety Lessons from Benchmark Nations and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tool kit will vary among jurisdictions depending on basic legal constraints, community attitudes, road system and traffic characteristics, and resources. The Transportation Research Board (TRB) undertook a study to identify the sources of safety improvements in other countries. Researchers do not have a complete understanding of the underlying causes of long-term trends in crashes and fatalities. Differences among countries are in part attributable to factors other than government safety policies. To identify keys to success, the TRB study committee examined specific safety programs for which quantitative evaluations are available and relied on the observations of safety professionals with international experience. The committee's conclusions identify differences between U.S. and international practices that can account for some differences in outcomes. The committee recommendations, which are addressed to elected officials and to government safety administrators, identify actions needed in the United States to emulate the successes that other countries have achieved. The recommendations do not comprehensively address all aspects of traffic safety programs but rather address areas of practice that are highlighted by the international comparisons and for which credible evidence of effectiveness is available."--Pub. desc.

Resistance to Multilateral Influence on Reform

Author : Witold J. Henisz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Resistance to Multilateral Influence on Reform by : Witold J. Henisz

Download or read book Resistance to Multilateral Influence on Reform written by Witold J. Henisz and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coercive isomorphism is a prominent source of institutional change. r The literature to date has emphasized how actors that are powerful and legitimate (for example, a national government) may coerce the adoption of reforms by dependent actors (for example, state governments and other organizations whose activities are governed by the federal government). The authors observe that an actor's power alone may be sufficient to promote reform, regardless of the actor's legitimacy. But such reforms are more susceptible to subsequent change than those that emerge from processes not subject to the influence of external actors whose sway derives from their power alone. They develop and test their arguments in the context of the worldwide electricity provision industry by analyzing countries' adoption of reforms in response to conditional lending practices by multilateral organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The authors find that reforms adopted in response to coercive pressures exerted by these organizations encounter much greater resistance, and that the incidence of financial and economic crises, the absence of checks and balances in established political institutions, and the inexperience of investor coalitions dramatically increase the predicted level of resistance.

Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects in the Republic of Korea

Author : Paul Noumba Um
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects in the Republic of Korea by : Paul Noumba Um

Download or read book Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects in the Republic of Korea written by Paul Noumba Um and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of the 1997 East Asian financial crisis, the government of the Republic of Korea published a Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) Act to remove the main impediments to private investment in infrastructure sectors. The implementation of the Act was followed by a steady increase in the number of PPI projects, thus spurring the modernization of the main infrastructure facilities in transport, water, electricity, and telecommunications. Despite this progress, the Korean PPI market still faces critical challenges that are probably related to its nascent stage of development. The market is dominated by five construction and engineering firms, but lacks world-class project developers. At the same time, the procurement of PPI projects takes on average four years, and competition in tenders is limited. The number of unsolicited proposals is abnormally high, whereas the number of solicited proposals remains flat. The participation of foreign firms is very limited despite the size of the market and the number of projects awarded. Although local financing is available, the maturity of financing instruments does not exceed five years for most corporate papers, and 10 years for government bonds. This paper reviews the procurement of PPI projects in Korea and benchmarks it to international best practices before proposing options for its improvement.

Competitiveness Partnerships

Author : Benjamin Herzberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Competitiveness Partnerships by : Benjamin Herzberg

Download or read book Competitiveness Partnerships written by Benjamin Herzberg and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors examine competitiveness partnerships, which consist of structured dialogue between the public and private sector to improve the investment climate. The paper is designed to be used as a resource by donors, governments, or businesspeople who are interested in establishing, maintaining, or improving a competitiveness partnership in their country or region. The political and economic context of a country determines the kind of partnership that is feasible and likely to succeed, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. But it is possible to distill some ideas and techniques from best practice as many public-private dialogue mechanisms face similar challenges. Drawing on the experiences of 40 countries, the authors make a positive case for building and maintaining competitiveness partnerships, and offer a selection of valuable insights into how practitioners can design them so as to avoid common pitfalls. They demonstrate that reforms that are designed through public-private dialogue are better conceived and more effectively implemented because they arise from increased mutual understanding between government and the business community ... " -- Cover verso.

Antidumping and Safeguard Measures in the Political Economy of Liberalization

Author : Luz Elena Reyes De la Torre
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Antidumping and Safeguard Measures in the Political Economy of Liberalization by : Luz Elena Reyes De la Torre

Download or read book Antidumping and Safeguard Measures in the Political Economy of Liberalization written by Luz Elena Reyes De la Torre and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mexico's creation and use of safeguard and antidumping processes to advance its liberalization illustrate three key points: (1) The country was able to use the instruments without losing political control. In a period of crisis that threatened congressional approval of critical steps in the liberalization-brought on by currency overvaluation and recession, along with unexpected demands from the United States in the North American Free Trade Agreement negotiations-the government applied a number of trade defense measures. Once the problems were addressed with adequate instruments the number of measures dropped drastically. The instruments had not been captured by protection-seeking interests;

Productivity, Ownership, and the Investment Climate

Author : Itzhak Goldberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Productivity, Ownership, and the Investment Climate by : Itzhak Goldberg

Download or read book Productivity, Ownership, and the Investment Climate written by Itzhak Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors use data on 27,000 firms from 50 countries, half of which are transition economies, together with the case of Serbia to examine the relationship between productivity, the investment climate, and private ownership of firms. As government capacity to address investment climate constraints is limited, the prioritization of the constraints is critical. Identification of the relative effects of various investment climate constraints and ownership on productivity should serve as a guide for such prioritization. Although ownership has recently received less attention in policy decisions than before, according to the econometric analysis of productivity reported by the authors, private ownership is an equally or more important determinant of productivity than other components of the investment climate. The importance of ownership shows that an unfinished privatization and restructuring agenda might have negative effects on productivity, in parallel to poor investment climate. Another important finding is that countries in which firms complain more about infrastructure tend to have less productive firms.

The Marginal Cost of Public Funds in Africa

Author : Michael Warlters
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis The Marginal Cost of Public Funds in Africa by : Michael Warlters

Download or read book The Marginal Cost of Public Funds in Africa written by Michael Warlters and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors use a computable general equilibrium model to estimate the marginal cost of public funds (MCF) for taxes on domestic goods, exports, imports, capital, and labor in 38 African countries. The resulting MCF estimates provide directions for tax reform in Africa. The authors investigate the MCFs of hypothetical taxes in the informal sector and the impact of administrative costs. Finally, they investigate the relationship between MCF dispersion and measures of tax system inefficiency. " -- Cover verso.

The Poverty and Distributional Impact of Macroeconomic Shocks and Policies

Author : Boniface Essama-Nssah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis The Poverty and Distributional Impact of Macroeconomic Shocks and Policies by : Boniface Essama-Nssah

Download or read book The Poverty and Distributional Impact of Macroeconomic Shocks and Policies written by Boniface Essama-Nssah and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The importance of distributional issues in policymaking creates a need for empirical tools to assess the social impact of economic shocks and policies. This paper reviews some of the modeling approaches that are currently in use at the World Bank and other international financial institutions. The specification of these models is dictated by the issues at stake, the knowledge about the nature of the process involved, and the availability and reliability of relevant data. Furthermore, shocks and policies have macroeconomic, structural, and distributional implications. This creates interdependence between such policy issues. Finally, the distributional impact of shocks and policies hinges on the heterogeneity of socioeconomic agents with respect to endowments and behavior. In the end, each modeling approach should be judged on how well it handles the interdependence between policy issues and the heterogeneity of the stakeholders, given other constraints. " -- Cover verso.